Bisu language
{{Short description|Loloish language spoken in Thailand and China}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Bisu
|nativename=
|region=
|ethnicity=700 in Thailand (2007)
|speakers=240 in China
|date=2005
|ref=e17
|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan
|fam2=Tibeto-Burman
|fam3=Lolo–Burmese
|fam4=Loloish
|fam5=Southern
|fam6=Bisoid
|fam7=Phunoi–Bisu
|script=Thai script, Latin script
|iso3=bzi
|glotto=bisu1244
|glottorefname=Bisu
}}
Bisu ({{zh|毕苏语}}) is a Loloish language of Thailand, with a couple thousand speakers in China. Varieties are Bisu proper (Mbisu) and Laomian (Guba), considered by Pelkey to be distinct languages.
The Laomian are classified within the Lahu ethnic group; the Lahu proper call them the "Lawmeh".{{harvp|Bradley|2007}}
Distribution
According to Bisuyu Yanjiu 毕苏语研究 (2002), there are over 5,000 Bisu speakers in Yunnan, China, and a total of nearly 10,000 Bisu speakers in all countries combined. Within Yunnan, it is spoken mostly in Pu'er Prefecture, as well as neighboring parts of Xishuangbanna.
- Lancang County 澜沧县
- Zhutang 竹塘乡
- Dazhai 大寨, Laomian 老面{{Cite web |title=Láncāng Lāhùzú Zìzhìxiàn Zhútáng Xiāng Lǎotànshān Lǎomiǎnzhài |script-title=zh:澜沧拉祜族自治县竹塘乡老炭山老缅寨 |trans-title=Laomianzhai, Laotanshan, Zhutang Township, Lancang Lahu Autonomous County |url=http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vindex.aspx?departmentid=111581 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816042518/http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vindex.aspx?departmentid=111581 |archive-date=2018-08-16 |access-date=2013-03-02 |website=ynszxc.gov.cn}} (see Laomian language)
- Laba 拉巴乡
- Donglang 东朗乡
- Fubang 富邦乡
- Menghai County 勐海县
- Mengzhe 勐遮乡
- Laopinzhai 老品寨{{Cite web |title=Měnghǎi Xiàn Měngzhē Zhèn Mànhóng Cūnwěihuì Lǎopǐn Zìráncūn |script-title=zh:勐海县勐遮镇曼洪村委会老品自然村 |trans-title=Laopin Natural Village, Manhong Village Committee, Mengzhe Town, Menghai County |url=http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vindex.aspx?departmentid=144437 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305045004/http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vindex.aspx?departmentid=144437 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |access-date=2013-03-02 |website=ynszxc.gov.cn}} (see Laopin language)
- Ximeng County 西盟县
- Lisuo 力锁乡
- Menglian County 孟连县
- Nanya 南雅乡
In Thailand, two dialects of Bisu are spoken in the following villages of Phan District, Chiang Rai Province (Bisuyu Yanjiu 2002:152).
- Dialect 1: Huai Chomphu village (also called Ban Huaisan) and Doi Pui village
- Dialect 2: Phadaeng village
Another variety of Bisu differing from the Phayao variety is spoken in Takɔ (Ban Thako), Mae Suai District, Chiang Rai Province.
In Laos, Bisu ({{IPA|pi33 su44}}; also called Lao-Phai) is spoken in Phudokcham village, Phongxaly District.{{Cite book |last=Kingsadā |first=Thō̜ngphet |title=Basic Vocabularies of the Languages Spoken in Phongxaly, Lao P.D.R. |last2=Shintani |first2=Tadahiko |publisher=Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA) |year=1999 |location=Tokyo |author-link2=Tadahiko Shintani}}
In Myanmar, Bisu is spoken in three or two villages of Shan State, and Bisu speakers live alongside Pyen speakers
Orthography
In Thailand, the Bisu language is written with the Thai script.
=Consonants=
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Consonants{{Cite web |title=Bisu |url=https://www.omniglot.com/writing/bisu.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705080736/http://www.omniglot.com/writing/bisu.htm |archive-date=2019-07-05 |website=Omniglot}}สำนักงานราชบัณฑิตยสภา. คู่มือระบบเขียนภาษาบีซูอักษรไทย ฉบับราชบัณฑิตยสภา. กรุงเทพฯ : สำนักงานราชบัณฑิตยสภา, 2563, หน้า 32. ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | ! rowspan="2" | Labial ! colspan="2" | Coronal ! rowspan="2" | Palatal ! rowspan="2" | Velar ! rowspan="2" | Glottal |
| {{small|plain}}
! {{small|sibilant}} |
|---|
| rowspan="3" | Plosive/ Affricate ! {{small|unaspirated}} | {{IPAlink|p}} {{angbr|p, ป}} | {{IPAlink|t}} {{angbr|t, ต}} | {{IPAlink|ts}} {{angbr|c, จฺ}} | {{IPA link|t͡ɕ}}~{{IPA link|t͡ʃ}} {{angbr|č, จ}} | {{IPAlink|k}} {{angbr|k, ก}} | {{IPAlink|ʔ}} {{angbr |
| , อ}} |
| {{small|aspirated}}
| {{IPA link|pʰ}} {{angbr|ph, พ}} | {{IPA link|tʰ}} {{angbr|th, ท}} | {{IPA link|tsʰ}} {{angbr|ch, ชฺ}} | {{IPA link|t͡ɕʰ}}~{{IPA link|t͡ʃʰ}} {{angbr|čh, ช}} | {{IPA link|kʰ}} {{angbr|kh, ค}} | |
| {{small|voiced}}
| {{IPAlink|b}} {{angbr|b, บ}} | {{IPAlink|d}} {{angbr|d, ด}} | | | {{IPAlink|g}} {{angbr|g, กง}} | |
| colspan="2" | Fricative
| {{IPAlink|f}} {{angbr|f, ฟ}} | | {{IPAlink|s}} {{angbr|s, ซ}} | {{IPAlink|ʃ}} {{angbr|š, ซฺ}} | | {{IPAlink|h}} {{angbr|h, ฮ}} |
| rowspan="2" | Nasal
! {{small|plain}} | {{IPAlink|m}} {{angbr|m, ม}} | {{IPAlink|n}} {{angbr|n, น}} | | {{IPAlink|ɲ}} {{angbr|ñ, ญ}} | {{IPAlink|ŋ}} {{angbr|ŋ, ง}} | |
| {{small|preaspirated}}
| {{IPA link|m̥}} {{angbr|hm, ฮม}} | {{IPA link|n̥}} {{angbr|hn, ฮน}} | | {{IPA link|ɲ̊}} {{angbr|hñ, ฮญ}} | {{IPA link|ŋ̊}} {{angbr|hŋ, ฮง}} | |
| rowspan="2" | Approximant
! {{small|plain}} | {{IPAlink|w}} {{angbr|w, ว}} | {{IPAlink|l}} {{angbr|l, ล}} | | {{IPAlink|j}} {{angbr|y, ย}} | | |
| {{small|preaspirated}}
| | {{IPA link|l̥}} {{angbr|hl, ฮล}} | | {{IPA link|j̊}} {{angbr|hy, ฮย}} | | |
=Vowels=
There is no different meaning between long and short vowels. However, check syllables may sound shorter than non-checked ones when speaking. Thai standard uses only long vowels.
=Tones=
- – – no mark – mid
- -่ – grave accent – low
- -้ – acute accent – high
References
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite book |last=Bradley |first=David |date=2007 |chapter=Language Endangerment in China and Mainland Southeast Asia |editor-first=Matthias |editor-last=Brenzinger |title=Language Diversity Endangered |location=New York |publisher=Mouton de Gruyte}}
{{refend}}
External links
- [https://www.bible.com/bible/1705/JHN.1.bzint The New Testament in Bisu on Bible.com]
{{Languages of China}}
{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}
{{Lolo-Burmese languages}}
{{authority control}}
Category:Southern Loloish languages