Islam in Suriname

{{Infobox religious group

| group = Islam in Suriname

| flag = Allah-green.svg

| flag_caption =

| flag_size = 25px

| image = Moschee-Keizerstraat-Suriname.jpg

| image_caption = Mosque Keizerstraat in Paramaribo

| image_size = 250px

| population = 13,9% of the total population in 2012

| founder =

| regions = Commewijne{{·}}Nickerie{{·}}Wanica{{·}}Saramacca

| tablehdr =

| religions = Sunni Islam{{·}}Ahmadiya (including the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement){{·}}Other Muslim

| scriptures =

| languages = Arabic (liturgical language)
Surinamese Dutch{{·}}Surinamese-Javanese{{·}}Sarnami Hindustani

}}

According to the official data, the Muslim population of Suriname represents about 13.9 percent of the country's total population as of 2012, which is the highest percentage of Muslims in the Americas. Though the majority belong to the Sunni sect of Islam, there are some Shi'a Muslims.

Some speculate that Muslims first came to Suriname as slaves from West Africa and then were converted to Christianity over time, even though there is little proof for these speculations. The ancestors of the actual Muslim population came to the country as indentured laborers from the British Raj and Dutch East Indies, from whom today most Muslims in Suriname are descended.

The forms of Islam in Suriname are strongly influenced by the culture of the regions of origin: South Asia (India, Pakistan and Afghanistan){{Cite web |title=The Afghan muslims of Guyana and Suriname |url=http://www.guyana.org/features/afghanguyanese_muslim.html}} and Indonesia (Java). Apart from descent, most Surinamese Muslims also share the same culture and speak the same languages.

East-west divide

The first Javanese Muslims to come to Suriname built their mosques facing west as they did in Java. It was only until contact with Hindustani Muslims in the 1930s that people realized that Mecca is east of Suriname. This created a divide between Muslims who prayed to the east (wong ngadep ngetan) and west (wong ngadep ngulon). The east-worshipping Muslims were more orthodox in their religion, whereas those who worshipped to the west were Javanese and clung more to their traditional Javanese culture.{{Cite book |last=Hoefte |first=Rosemarijn |title=Islam and the Americas |publisher=University Press of Florida |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-8130-6013-2 |editor-last=Yelvington |editor-first=Kevin A. |pages=69–91 |chapter=Locating Mecca: Religious and Political Discord in the Javanese Community in Pre-Independence Suriname |editor-last2=Khan |editor-first2=Aisha}}

Demographics

File:Muslim Demographics of Suriname.png

There are 75,053 Muslims in Suriname, according to the 2012 census.{{cite web|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/wphc/Suriname/SUR-Census2012-vol1.pdf|title=Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek}} This number is up from 66,307 Muslims in 2004. The share of Muslims of Indo-Surinamese descent decreased from 17% to 13% in the same period (-4%), mainly because of emigration to the Netherlands and declining fertility rates. The share of Muslims among Maroon people doubled from 0.1% to 0.2%.{{Citation Needed|date=December 2022}}

Year {{cite web\|url=http://www.ijesd.org/papers/26-D435.pdf\|title=Muslim Population in the Americas: 1950 – 2020 \|page= 7}}\|\| Suriname (population) \|\| Muslim population \|\| Share (%)
class="wikitable sortable"
1964	324,893	63,809	19.6%
1971	379,607	74,170	19.5%
1980	355,240	69,713	19.6%
2004	492,829	66,307	13.5%
2012	541,638	75,053	13.9%

= Ethnic groups =

Islam is the main religion among Javanese Surinamese people (67%) and the second largest religion among Indo-Surinamese people (13%) and multiracial people (8%).

Ethnic group \|\| Population \|\| Muslims \|\| %
class="wikitable sortable" ! colspan=19 \| Islam by ethnic group as of 2012
Javanese Surinamese	73,975	49,533	67.0%
Indo-Surinamese	148,443	18,734	12.6%
Multiracial people	72,340	5,471	7.6%
All Afro-Surinamese	206,423	621	0.3%
Amerindians	20,344	138	0.7%
Chinese Surinamese	7,885	112	1.4%
White Surinamese	1,665	32	1.9%
Others and indefinable	10,561	412	3.9%

= Geographical distribution =

File:Tropenmuseum Royal Tropical Institute Objectnumber 20018254 Een gebedsdienst in een moskee van Hindoestaanse moslims, Paramaribo-Noord.jpg

Commewijne District has the highest share of Muslims (mostly Javanese Surinamese), followed by Nickerie District and Wanica District (mostly Indo-Surinamese).

District	Percent of Muslims
class="wikitable sortable" ! colspan=2 \| Share of Muslims by district according to 2004 Census
Commewijne District	40.4%
Nickerie	22.5%
Wanica	21.7%
Saramacca	18.8%
Para	11.3%
Coronie	11.0%
Paramaribo	9.4%
Marowijne	6.8%
Brokopondo	0.2%
Sipaliwini	0.1%
Suriname \|\| 13.5%

International

Suriname (since 1996) and Guyana (since 1998) are the only countries in the Americas which are member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.{{cite web|url=http://www.oic-oci.org/oicv2/states/|title=Member States of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation|access-date=2013-07-18|archive-date=2013-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209072808/http://www.oic-oci.org/oicv2/states/|url-status=dead}}

Notable Muslims

Rashied Doekhi, politician
Iding Soemita, politician
Paul Somohardjo, politician
Janey Tetary, indentured labourer, rebellion leader and resistance fighter

References

{{cite web | title=Mirza Ghulam Ahmad and the Qadiyani Sect : Imaam al-Albaanee | website=AbdurRahman.Org | date=2014-01-15 | url=https://abdurrahman.org/2014/01/15/mirza-ghulam-ahmad-and-the-qadiyani-sect/ | access-date=2024-08-15}}