Jaminjung language

{{Infobox language

| name = Jaminjung

| states = Australia

| region = Victoria River (Northern Territory)

| speakers = 29

| date = 2016

| ref = e25

| familycolor = Australian

| fam1 = Mirndi

| fam2 = Yirram

| dia1 = Ngaliwuru

| iso3 = djd

| glotto = djam1255

| glottorefname = Jaminjung-Ngaliwurru

| aiatsis = N18

| aiatsisname = Jaminjung

| aiatsis2 = N19

| aiatsisname2 = Ngaliwurru

| notice = IPA

| ELP2=5546

| ELPname2=Ngaliwurru

}}

Jaminjung is a moribund Australian language spoken around the Victoria River in the Northern Territory of Australia. There seems to be a steady increase in the number of speakers of the language with very few people speaking the language in 1967, about 30 speakers in 1991, and between 50 and 150 speakers in 2000.{{Harvnb|Schultze-Berndt|2000|pp=13–14}}

In 1971, Frances Kofod and others published a grammar of the Ngaliwuru language,{{Cite Q|Q131317614}} while in 2011 a book of Jaminjung & Ngaliwuru names and uses of plants & animals was published.{{cite Q|Q131319408 |template=journal}}

Phonology

= Vowels =

Jaminjung has 4 vowels:{{Harvnb|Schultze-Berndt|2000|p=41}}

class=wikitable style=text-align:center ! ! Front ! Central ! Back
Close \| i {{IPA\|/i/}} \| \| u {{IPA\|/u/}}
Close-mid \| e {{IPA\|/e/}} \| \|
Open \| \| a {{IPA\|/a/}} \|

class=wikitable style=text-align:center

! Front

! Central

! Back

| i {{IPA|/i/}}

| u {{IPA|/u/}}

Close-mid

| e {{IPA|/e/}}

Open

| a {{IPA|/a/}}

Vowel length is not distinctive. The close-mid vowel /e/ only appears in a small number of words, and is probably a loan from surrounding languages.

= Consonants =

Jaminjung has 18 consonants:

class=wikitable style=text-align:center !rowspan=2\| !colspan=2\| Peripheral !colspan=2\| Laminal !colspan=2\| Apical
Bilabial ! Velar ! Palatal ! Dental ! Alveolar ! Retroflex
Plosive \| p {{IPA\|/p/}} \| k {{IPA\|/k/}} \| j {{IPA\|/c/}} \| th {{IPA\|/t̪/}} \| t {{IPA\|/t/}} \| rt {{IPA\|/ʈ /}}
Nasal \| m {{IPA\|/m/}} \| ng {{IPA\|/ŋ/}} \| ny {{IPA\|/ɲ/}} \| \| n {{IPA\|/n/}} \| rn {{IPA\|/ɳ /}}
Trill \| colspan=2\| \| \| \| rr {{IPA\|/r/}} \|
rowspan="2" \| Approximant \| colspan=2\| \| ly {{IPA\|/ʎ/}} \| \| l {{IPA\|/l/}} \| rl {{IPA\|/ɭ /}}
colspan=2\| w {{IPA\|/w/}} \| y {{IPA\|/j/}} \| \| colspan=2\| r {{IPA\|/ɻ /}}

class=wikitable style=text-align:center

!rowspan=2|

!colspan=2| Peripheral

!colspan=2| Laminal

!colspan=2| Apical

Bilabial

! Velar

! Palatal

! Dental

! Alveolar

! Retroflex

Plosive

| p {{IPA|/p/}}

| k {{IPA|/k/}}

| j {{IPA|/c/}}

| th {{IPA|/t̪/}}

| t {{IPA|/t/}}

| rt {{IPA|/ʈ /}}

Nasal

| m {{IPA|/m/}}

| ng {{IPA|/ŋ/}}

| ny {{IPA|/ɲ/}}

| n {{IPA|/n/}}

| rn {{IPA|/ɳ /}}

Trill

| colspan=2|

| rr {{IPA|/r/}}

rowspan="2" | Approximant

| colspan=2|

| ly {{IPA|/ʎ/}}

| l {{IPA|/l/}}

| rl {{IPA|/ɭ /}}

colspan=2| w {{IPA|/w/}}

| y {{IPA|/j/}}

| colspan=2| r {{IPA|/ɻ /}}

External links

[http://dobes.mpi.nl/projects/jaminjung/ A corpus of Jaminjung recordings] is archived with the DOBES project.

References

= Notes =

= General =

{{cite thesis |last=Schultze-Berndt |first=Eva F. |title=Simple and Complex Verbs in Jaminjung - A Study of event categorisation in an Australian language |year=2000 |publisher=Radboud University |isbn=90-76203-09-1 |hdl=2066/147040}}
{{cite book |last1=Jones |first1=Judy Marchant |last2=Bardbarriya |first2=Dolly |last3=Raymond |first3=Eileen |last4=Roberts |first4=Doris |last5=McDonald |first5=Duncan |last6=McDonald |first6=Dinah |last7=McDonald |first7=Margaret |last8=Simard |first8=Candide |last9=Moerkerken |first9=Colleen |last10=Wightman |first10=Glenn |year=2011 |title=Jaminjung, Ngaliwurru and Nungali Plants and Animals: Aboriginal knowledge of flora and fauna from the Bradshaw and Judbarra/Gregory National Park area, north Australia |series=Northern Territory Botanical Bulletin |location=Palmerston, N. T. |publisher=Department of Natural Resources, Environment, the Arts and Sport |volume=38 |isbn=9781921519499}}

Category:Yirram languages

Category:Endangered indigenous Australian languages in the Northern Territory