Mancozeb
{{Short description|Chemical compound as a fungicide}}
File:Mancozeb2.svg of mancozeb]]
Mancozeb is a dithiocarbamate non-systemic agricultural fungicide with multi-site, protective action on contact. It is a combination of two other dithiocarbamates: maneb and zineb.{{cite web |url=http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/extoxnet/haloxyfop-methylparathion/mancozeb-ext.html#9 |title=Mancozeb |date=1993 |accessdate=2014-07-20 |quote=It is a combination of two other chemicals of this class, maneb and zineb |publisher=Cornell University |location= }} The mixture controls many fungal diseases in a wide range of field crops, fruits, nuts, vegetables, and ornamentals. It is marketed as Penncozeb, Trimanoc, Vondozeb, Dithane, Manzeb, Nemispot, and Manzane. In Canada, a mixture of zoxamide and mancozeb was registered for control of the mildew named Gavel as early as 2008.{{Cite web | url = https://www.grainews.ca/daily/gowan-buys-dows-gavel-potato-fungicide | publisher = grainews.ca | title = Gowan buys Dow's Gavel potato fungicide | date = July 18, 2008}}
Mechanism
Mancozeb reacts with, and inactivates, the sulfhydryl groups of amino acids and enzymes within fungal cells, resulting in disruption of lipid metabolism, respiration, and production of adenosine triphosphate.{{Cite book | title = The Pesticide Manual - A world compendium | edition = Thirteenth | author = Tomlin C.D.S | publisher = British Crop Protection Council | date = 2003}}
Mancozeb is listed under FRAC code M:03 The "M:" refers to Chemicals with Multi-Site Activity. "M:" FRAC groups are defined as generally considered as a low risk group without any signs of resistance developing to the fungicides.{{cite web|title=FRAC Code List ©*2017 |url=http://www.frac.info/docs/default-source/publications/frac-code-list/frac-code-list-2017-final.pdf?sfvrsn=fab94a9a_2 |publisher=Fungicide Resistance Action Committee |accessdate=November 27, 2017}}
Toxicology
A major toxicological concern is ethylenethiourea (ETU), an industrial contaminant and a breakdown product of mancozeb and other EBDC pesticides. It has potential to cause goiter, a condition in which the thyroid gland is enlarged and has produced birth defects and cancer in experimental animals. ETU has been classified as a probable human carcinogen by the EPA.{{cite web|title=Mancozeb|publisher=Extension Toxicology Network|date=September 1993 |url=http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/extoxnet/haloxyfop-methylparathion/mancozeb-ext.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620144407/http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/extoxnet/haloxyfop-methylparathion/mancozeb-ext.html|archive-date=2020-06-20|access-date=2024-07-12}} Mancozeb has been shown to have significant negative effects on beneficial root fungi - totally preventing spore germination at levels far below recommended dosage levels.{{cite journal|title=Mycorrhizal fungi in ecotoxicological studies: Soil impact of fungicides, insecticides and herbicides|journal=Prevention Today|volume=2|issue=1–2|pages=47–62|date=January 2006 |last1=Giovannetti |first1=M. |last2=Turrini |first2=A. |last3=Strani |first3=P. |last4=Sbrana |first4=C.|last5=Avio|first5=L.|last6=Pietrangeli|first6=B.|url=https://www.beyondpesticides.org/assets/media/documents/Mycorrhizal_fungi_in_ecotoxicological_studies_Soil.pdf|access-date=2024-07-12}}
See also
References
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