Nutella

Pietro Ferrero owned a bakery in Alba, an Italian town known for the production of hazelnuts. In 1946, he sold the initial {{convert|300|kg|lb|adj=on}} batch of Pasta Gianduja, derived from gianduja. Originally sold as a solid block, Ferrero started to sell a creamy version in 1951 as Supercrema gianduja.{{cite web|first=Adriel |last=Carridice |url= http://www.nutellausa.com/history3.htm |title=The History of Nutella (3) |website=NutellaUSA.com |access-date=2013-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518022437/http://www.nutellausa.com/history3.htm|archive-date=18 May 2015}}

In 1963, Ferrero's son Michele Ferrero, alongside Francesco Rivella, revamped Supercrema gianduja with the intention of marketing it throughout Europe. Its composition was modified, and it was renamed "Nutella". The first jar of Nutella left the factory in Alba on April 20, 1964. The product was an instant success and remains widely popular.{{cite web|first=Adriel |last=Carridice |url=http://www.nutellausa.com/history2.htm |title=The History of Nutella (2) |website=NutellaUSA.com |access-date=2013-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021173432/http://www.nutellausa.com/history2.htm|archive-date=21 October 2015}}

In 2012, French senator Yves Daudigny proposed a tax increase on palm oil from €100 to €400 per tonne. At 20 percent, palm oil is one of Nutella's main ingredients, and the tax was dubbed "the Nutella tax" in the media.{{cite news|last=Willsher|first=Kim|title=France's 'Nutella amendment' causes big fat international row|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/nov/12/france-nutella-amendment-international-row|work=The Guardian|access-date=22 November 2012|date=2012-11-12}} That year, Ferrero settled a class action lawsuit in the US that alleged their advertisements misrepresented Nutella's healthiness by paying $3 million and removing advertising featuring the health claims.{{cite news |last=Tepper |first=Rachel |date=2012-04-26 |title=Nutella Lawsuit: Ferrero Settles Class-Action Suit Over Health Claims For $3 Million |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/26/nutella-lawsuit_n_1457183.html?ref=food |access-date=27 April 2012 |work=Huffington Post}}

On 14 May 2014, Poste Italiane issued a 50th anniversary Nutella commemorative stamp.{{cite news|url=https://it.finance.yahoo.com/notizie/50-anni-di-nutella-francobollo-181916686.html|title=Nutella diventa un francobollo|language=it|trans-title=Nutella becomes a stamp|work=Yahoo! Finance|date=14 May 2014|access-date=18 May 2014}}{{cite news|url=http://www.lastampa.it/2014/05/15/societa/i-nostri-primi-anni-con-la-nutella-HfvXniD9XvQCJmCl2Vp7OL/pagina.html|title=I nostri primi 50 anni con la Nutella|language=it|trans-title=Our first 50 years with Nutella|last=Amabile|first=Flavia|newspaper=La Stampa|date=15 May 2014|access-date=18 May 2014}} The 70 Euro cent stamp was designed by Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato and features a jar of Nutella on a golden background. Ferrero held a Nutella Day on 17 and 18 May to celebrate the anniversary.{{cite news|url=http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/economia/2014/05/13/nutella-ha-50-anni-arriva-anche-un-francobollo_ae13ce83-9b42-444f-949c-1517fd7f30da.html|title=Nutella ha 50 anni, arriva anche un francobollo|language=it|trans-title=Nutella is 50 years old, a stamp is introduced|website=ansa.it|publisher=Agenzia ANSA Società Cooperativa|date=17 May 2014|access-date=18 May 2014}}

File:Nutella ak.jpg | date=16 January 2017 | accessdate=21 February 2023 | author=Dewey, Caitlin | quote=Unlike most peanut or almond butter, Nutella is composed largely of sugar and palm oil; hazelnuts are its distant third ingredient. }}]]

The main ingredients of Nutella are sugar and palm oil (greater than 50%). It also contains 13% hazelnuts,{{cite web|website=Greenpeace.org|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/features/nutella-football-ferrero-280508/ |title=Nutella – Breakfast for Champions?|date=May 28, 2008|access-date=March 18, 2011}} cocoa solids, and skimmed milk.{{cite web|url=http://foodwatch.com.au/images/stories/p-labelling/nutella_jar_ingredients.jpg|title=Nutella Jar Ingredients|website=FoodWatch}} In the United States and the United Kingdom, Nutella contains soy products.{{cite web |title=Nutella and Nutrition: Food Pyramid and Guidelines |website=NutellaUSA.com |url=http://www.nutellausa.com/ingredients.htm |access-date=2013-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820044001/http://www.nutellausa.com/ingredients.htm |archive-date=2015-08-20 |url-status=dead }} Nutella is marketed as "hazelnut cream" in many countries. Under Italian law, it cannot be labelled as a "chocolate cream", as it does not meet minimum cocoa solids concentration criteria. Each 220g jar of Nutella uses approximately 50 hazelnuts.{{Cite web |title=8 Facts about Nutella that You Probably Didn't Know |url=https://www.essentialitaly.co.uk/blog/8-facts-nutella-probably-didnt-know |access-date=2025-04-19 |website=Essential Italy |language=en}} Ferrero uses 25 percent of the global supply of hazelnuts, though not all of this is used exclusively in Nutella.{{cite web|last1=Narula|first1=Svati Kirsten|title=A frost in Turkey may drive up the price of your Nutella|url=http://qz.com/248973/there-might-not-be-enough-nutella-to-go-around-this-year/|website=Quartz|date=14 August 2014 |publisher=Atlantic Media|access-date=14 August 2014}}

In November 2017, the company modified the recipe slightly, increasing the sugar and skimmed milk powder content.{{cite news|last1=LaVito|first1=Angelica|title=Nutella's new recipe sparks #NutellaGate Twitter backlash|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/08/nutellas-new-recipe-sparks-nutellagate-twitter-backlash.html|work=CNBC|date=November 8, 2017}} Since the colour of the product is lighter in tone, the Hamburg Consumer Protection Center estimated that the cocoa content was also reduced.{{cite news|last1=Squires|first1=Nick|title=Nutella fans go nuts over changes to recipe of beloved chocolate spread|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/07/nutella-fans-go-nuts-changes-recipe-beloved-chocolate-spread/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/07/nutella-fans-go-nuts-changes-recipe-beloved-chocolate-spread/ |archive-date=2022-01-12 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|work=The Telegraph|date=November 7, 2017}}{{cbignore}}

The traditional Piedmont recipe, gianduja, is a mixture containing approximately 71.5% hazelnut paste and 19.5% chocolate. Nutella was developed in Piedmont, Italy, due to a lack of cocoa beans after post-war rationing reduced the availability of the raw material.{{cite web|first=Adriel |last=Carridice |url=http://www.nutellausa.com/history.htm |title=The History of Nutella (1) |website=NutellaUSA.com |access-date=2013-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912093454/http://www.nutellausa.com/history.htm|archive-date=12 September 2015}}

{{Infobox prepared food

| name = Nutritional info

| image =

| country = Italy

| region =

| creator =

| year =

| course =

| type =

| served =

| main_ingredient = Sugar, palm oil, hazelnuts, cocoa solids, milk powder

| variations =

| calories = 80

| serving_size = {{cvt|15|g|1|disp=or}}

| other =

}}

Nutella contains 10.4 percent of saturated fat and 58% of processed sugar by weight. A two-tablespoon (37-gram) serving of Nutella contains 200 calories, including 99 calories from 11 grams of fat (3.5 g of which are saturated) and 80 calories from 21 grams of sugar. The spread also contains 15 mg of sodium and 2 g of protein per serving (for reference a Canadian serving size is 1 tablespoon or 19 grams).{{cite news|url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/nutella-settles-lawsuit-from-angry-mom-drops-health-claims-1.802299#.T5sMHSwf-ZY|title=Nutella settles lawsuit from angry mom, drops health claims|publisher=CTV News|date=27 April 2012|access-date=2013-08-29|archive-date=2020-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112042828/https://www.ctvnews.ca/nutella-settles-lawsuit-from-angry-mom-drops-health-claims-1.802299#.T5sMHSwf-ZY|url-status=dead}}{{cite web | url= http://www.nutritiondata.com/facts-C00001-01c21Pe.html | title=Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Chocolate-flavored hazelnut spread | publisher=NutritionaData | access-date=2008-11-09}}

File:NutellaCafe.jpg

File:Nutella_Ferrero_Buiobuione.jpg in Ilulissat, Greenland]]

Nutella is produced in various facilities. In the North American market, it is produced at a plant in Brantford, Ontario, Canada{{cite web|url=http://www.nutella.ca/english/faq|title=Frequently Asked Questions|publisher=Ferrero Canada Limited|website=Nutella.ca|access-date=2012-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125234345/http://www.nutella.ca/english/faq|archive-date=2013-11-25}} and more recently in San José Iturbide, Guanajuato, Mexico.{{cite web|url=http://www.reforma.com/aplicacioneslibre/articulo/default.aspx?id=128185&md5=ce010b06edc44522e24ed077e0405a23&ta=0dfdbac11765226904c16cb9ad1b2efe&po=4|title=Abre Ferrero primera planta en México|website=Reforma|access-date=2015-06-07}}

For Australia and New Zealand, Nutella has been manufactured in Lithgow, New South Wales, since the late 1970s.{{cite web|url=http://www.ferrero.com.au/the-group/ferrero-australia/history/|title=Ferrero Australia History|website=Ferrero Australia|access-date=2012-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027060452/http://www.ferrero.com.au/the-group/ferrero-australia/history/|archive-date=2012-10-27|url-status=dead}}

Two of the four Ferrero plants in Italy produce Nutella, in Alba, Piedmont, and in Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi in Campania.{{cite web|url=http://www.ferrero.it/azienda/azienda-italia/stabilimenti/i-poli-produttivi/|title=Stabilitmenti|website=Ferrero Italia SpA|access-date=2012-11-26|archive-date=2018-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306023229/https://www.ferrero.it/azienda/azienda-italia/stabilimenti/i-poli-produttivi/|url-status=dead}} In France, a production facility is located in Villers-Écalles.{{cite web|url=http://www.ferrero.fr/notre_entreprise/nous_trouver/|title=Où nous trouver|website=Ferrero France|access-date=2012-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224011635/http://www.ferrero.fr/notre_entreprise/nous_trouver/|archive-date=2012-12-24|url-status=dead}} For Eastern Europe (including Southeast Europe, Poland, Turkey, Czech Republic and Slovakia) and South Africa, it is produced in Warsaw and Manisa. For Germany and northern Europe, Nutella is produced at the Ferrero plant in Stadtallendorf, which has been in existence since 1956.{{cite web|url=http://www.ferrero.de/ferrero2.aspx?pageurl=unternehmen/ferrero_fakten/produktion.aspx|website=offizielle Website von Ferrero Deutschland|title=produktion|access-date=2016-11-04|archive-date=2014-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521235903/http://www.ferrero.de/ferrero2.aspx?pageurl=unternehmen%2fferrero_fakten%2fproduktion.aspx|url-status=dead}} Nutella entered the Russian market and also has a production plant in Vladimir.{{cite news|url=https://www.confectioneryproduction.com/news/24336/ferrero-prepares-for-major-multi-million-expansion-in-russian-market/|title=Ferrero prepares for major multi-million expansion in Russian markets|website=Confectionery Production|date=22 October 2018 |access-date=15 April 2019}}

Ferrero also has a plant in Poços de Caldas, Brazil, which supplies the Brazilian market, with part of the production being exported overseas.{{cite web|url=http://www.ferrero.com.br/ferrero-do-brasil|website=Ferrero do Brasil|title=A história}} It is also manufactured in Turkey and exported to countries such as India.

Global production in 2013 was about 350,000 tonnes.{{cite news|url=http://www.repubblica.it/economia/2014/05/14/news/nutella_50_anni-86134560/|title=Nutella festeggia i suoi primi 50 anni e chiude le porte di Piazza Affari|last=Amoroso|first=Ludovico|newspaper=La Repubblica|date=14 May 2014|access-date=30 November 2016}}

Nutella is described as a chocolate and hazelnut spread,{{cite news|last1=Smithers|first1=Rebecca|title=Choc horror: fans outraged by Nutella's secret recipe change|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/nov/07/choc-horror-fans-outraged-by-nutellas-secret-recipe-change|work=The Guardian|date=November 7, 2017}}{{cite news|last1=Akhtar|first1=Khalil|title=Hard nut to crack: The quest to make Nutella a bit more Canadian|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ontario-hazelnut-industry-grows-nutella-1.4054625|work=CBC News|date=April 4, 2017}} although it is mostly made of sugar and palm oil. The manufacturing process for this food item is very similar to a generic production of chocolate spread. Nutella is made from sugar, modified palm oil, hazelnuts, cocoa powder, skimmed milk powder, whey powder, soy lecithin, and vanillin.{{cite news|author1=|title=Deconstructed Nutella: nuts, cocoa – and 58 % sugar|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/shortcuts/2017/jan/20/is-nutella-really-that-bad-for-you|work=The Guardian|date=January 20, 2017}}{{cite news|last1=Peterson|first1=Hayley|title=Many parents are terrified to feed their kids Nutella|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/nutella-is-under-fire-for-harmful-ingredients-2016-2?r=US&IR=T&IR=T|work=Business Insider|date=February 17, 2016}}

The process of making this spread begins with the extraction of cocoa powder from the cocoa bean. These cocoa beans are harvested from cocoa trees and are left to dry for about ten days before being shipped for processing.{{cite web|url=http://wanttoknowit.com/how-is-nutella-made/|title=How is Nutella Made|website=Wanttoknowit.com|date=28 December 2011}} Typically, cocoa beans contain approximately 50 percent of cocoa butter; therefore, they must be roasted to reduce the cocoa bean into a liquid form. This step is not sufficient for turning cocoa bean into a chocolate paste because it solidifies at room temperature and would not be spreadable. After the initial roast, the liquid paste is sent to presses, which are used to squeeze the butter out of the cocoa bean. The final products are round discs of chocolate made of pure compressed cocoa. The cocoa butter is transferred elsewhere so it can be used in other products.

The second process involves the hazelnuts. Once the hazelnuts have arrived at the processing plant, a quality control is issued to inspect the nuts so they are suitable for processing. A guillotine is used to chop the nuts to inspect the interior.{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1dwbgruOt6g| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211107/1dwbgruOt6g| archive-date=2021-11-07 | url-status=live|title=Chocolate Spread : How Its Made|last=Triwood1973|date=25 May 2008|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}} After this process, the hazelnuts are cleaned and roasted. A second quality control is issued by a computer-controlled blast of air, which removes the bad nuts from the batch. This ensures that each jar of Nutella is uniform in its look and taste. Approximately 50 hazelnuts can be found in each jar of Nutella, as claimed by the company.{{cite web|url=http://www.nutella.com.au|title=Nutella Australia}}

The cocoa powder is then mixed with the hazelnuts along with sugar, vanillin and skim milk in a large tank, until it becomes a paste-like spread. Modified palm oil is then added to help retain the solid phase of the Nutella at room temperature, which substitutes for the butter found in the cocoa bean. Whey powder is then added to the mix to act as a binder for the paste. Whey powder is an additive commonly used in spreads to prevent the coagulation of the product, because it stabilizes the fat emulsions.{{cite web|url=http://www.milkingredients.ca/index-eng.php?id=194|title=Whey Powder|website=Milkingredients.ca|date=13 December 2013 }} Similarly, lecithin, a form of a fatty substance found in animal and plant tissues, is added to help emulsify the paste, as it promotes homogenized mixing of the different ingredients, allowing the paste to become spreadable. It also aids the lipophilic properties of the cocoa powder, which, again, keeps the product from separating. Vanillin is added to enhance the sweetness of the chocolate. The finished product is then packaged.

Within Europe, Nutella is a popular topping for pancakes among children in Ireland,{{Cite book |last=Mac Con Iomaire |first=Máirtín |author-link=Máirtín Mac Con Iomaire |title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia |publisher=Greenwood |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-313-37626-9 |editor-last=Albala |editor-first=Ken |editor-link=Ken Albala |volume=4: Europe |location=California |page=203 |chapter=Ireland}} often fills the peach-shaped breskvice cookies in Croatia, replacing the traditional jam{{Cite book |last=Foss |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Foss |title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia |publisher=Greenwood |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-313-37626-9 |editor-last=Albala |editor-first=Ken |editor-link=Ken Albala |volume=4: Europe |location=California |page=78 |chapter=Croatia}} and is spread atop baguettes in France, creating open sandwiches eaten with coffee for breakfast.{{Cite book |last=Abramson |first=Julia |title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia |publisher=Greenwood |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-313-37626-9 |editor-last=Albala |editor-first=Ken |editor-link=Ken Albala |volume=4: Europe |location=California |page=116 |chapter=France}} Outside of Europe, Nutella is used to fill sandwiches in Senegal, which are then eaten as an afternoon snack.{{Cite book |last=Yount |first=Chelsie |title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia |publisher=Greenwood |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-313-37626-9 |editor-last=Albala |editor-first=Ken |editor-link=Ken Albala |volume=1: Africa and the Middle East |location=California |page=157 |chapter=Senegal}}

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