Zdravljica
{{Short description|1848 poem by France Prešeren}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox poem
| name =Zdravljica
| image = Zdravica-št4-rokopis1.jpg
| caption = Original manuscript of the poem,
written in the Bohorič alphabet
| translator =
| author = France Prešeren
| country = Carniola, Kingdom of Illyria, Austrian Empire (present-day Slovenia)
| language = Slovene
| series =
| genre = carmen figuratum
| first =Kmetijske in rokodelske novice
| publisher =
| media_type = Print (periodical)
| publication_date = 26 April 1848
| english_pub_date =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
}}
"Zdravljica"{{efn-lr|Also called Zdravica – from the toast expression "Na zdravje" (to health) in Slovene.}} ({{IPA|sl|zdɾau̯ˈljiːtsa}}; {{Langx|en|"A Toast"}}) is a carmen figuratum poem by the 19th-century Romantic Slovene poet France Prešeren, inspired by the ideals of Liberté, égalité, fraternité.Danica Veceric (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=JQV6kAwT4v0C&dq=Zdravljica++French+Revolution&pg=PA24 Slovenia. Looking at Europe], The Oliver Press, Inc., {{ISBN|1881508749}} It was written in 1844 and published with some changes in 1848. Four years after it was written, Slovenes living within Habsburg Empire interpreted the poem in spirit of the 1848 March Revolution as political promotion of the idea of a united Slovenia. In it, the poet also declares his belief in a free-thinking Slovene and Slavic political awareness. In 1989, it was adopted as the regional anthem of Slovenia, becoming the national anthem upon independence in 1991.Uradni list SRS 46. 1989, page 1762.{{cite book|last1=Plut-Pregelj|first1=Leopoldina|last2=Kranjc|first2=Gregor|last3=Lazarević|first3=Žarko|title=Historical Dictionary of Slovenia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jbhJDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA30|date=2018|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-5381-1106-2|access-date=30 December 2019 |quote=... in September 1989 ... 'Zdravljica' had been chosen as the national anthem by the Socialist Republic of Slovenia.}}
History
File:Prečrtana kitica Zdravljice.jpg manuscript, ready to be published in the Poezije (Poems) collection in 1846. A modified version was published in full in 1848.]]
The integral version of the poem was first published only after the March Revolution when Austrian censorship was abolished, since the censorship did not allow for the poem to be printed earlier because of its political message. On 26 April 1848, it was published by the Slovene newspaper Kmetijske in rokodelske novice, that was edited by the Slovene conservative political leader Janez Bleiweis.{{Cn|date=November 2020}}
File:Žive naj vsi narodi Prešeren Schuman.jpg
Before the censorship was abolished, Prešeren omitted the third stanza ("V sovražnike 'z oblakov / rodú naj naš'ga treši gróm") because he intended to include the poem in his Poezije collection (Poems), however the censor (fellow-Slovene Franz Miklosich in Austrian service) saw in the fourth stanza ("Edinost, sreča, sprava / k nam naj nazaj se vrnejo") an expression of pan-Slavic sentiment and therefore did not allow its publication either. Prešeren believed the poem would be mutilated without both the third and the fourth stanza and decided against including it in the Poezije.{{Cn|date=November 2020}}
"Zdravljica" was first set to music in the 1860s by Benjamin Ipavec and Davorin Jenko, but their versions didn't go well with the public, probably because the stanzas that they chose were not enough nationally awakening.{{cite journal |url=http://mi-s.zrc-sazu.si/files/file/dmd/DMD_1_1_CIGOJ_KRSTULOVIC.pdf |first=Nataša |last=Cigoj Krstulović |title=Himna kot simbol naroda: premislek ob stoletnici nastanka Premrlove Zdravice |language=sl|trans-title=The Anthem as a Symbol of the Nation: A Reflection on the 100th Anniversary of the Creation of Premrl's Zdravica |journal=De Musica Disserenda |volume=I |issue=1–2 |year=2005 |pages=11–28}} In 1905, the Slovene composer Stanko Premrl wrote a choral composition. It was first performed only on 18 November 1917 by the Music Society ({{ill|Glasbena matica|sl}}) in the Grand Hotel Union, Ljubljana. It became an immediate success.
Text
{{non-free|section|date=October 2013}}
The following provides the original Slovene text of Zdravljica and its English translation by Janko Lavrin.{{cite web |title=France Prešeren: Zdravljica |url=http://www.vlada.si/en/about_slovenia/political_system/national_insignia/france_preseren_zdravljica_a_toast/ |publisher=Government of Slovenia |access-date=16 September 2009 |archive-date=3 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603110028/http://www.vlada.si/en/about_slovenia/political_system/national_insignia/france_preseren_zdravljica_a_toast/ |url-status=dead }}
| border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="50%" |
| align="center" | 1. |
| align="center" | Prijatlji! odrodile,
| align="center" | The vintage, friends, is over, |
| align="center" | so trte vince nam sladkó,
| align="center" | And here sweet wine makes, once again, |
| align="center" | ki nam oživlja žile,
| align="center" | Sad eyes and hearts recover |
| align="center" | srce razjásni in oko,
| align="center" | Puts fire into every vein. |
| align="center" | ki utopi
| align="center" | Drowns dull care |
| align="center" | vse skrbi,
| align="center" | Everywhere |
| align="center" | v potrtih prsih up budi!
| align="center" | And summons hope out of despair. |
| align="center" | 2. |
| align="center" | Komú narpred veselo
| align="center" | To whom with acclamation |
| align="center" | zdravico, bratje! čmo zapét'?
| align="center" | And song shall we our first toast give? |
| align="center" | Bog našo nam deželo,
| align="center" | God save our land and nation |
| align="center" | Bog živi ves slovenski svet,
| align="center" | And all Slovenes where'er they live, |
| align="center" | brate vse,
| align="center" | Who own the same |
| align="center" | kar nas je
| align="center" | Blood and name, |
| align="center" | sinov sloveče matere!
| align="center" | And who one glorious Mother claim. |
| align="center" | 3. |
| align="center" | V sovražnike 'z oblakov
| align="center" | Let thunder out of heaven |
| align="center" | rodú naj naš'ga trešči gróm,
| align="center" | Strike down and smite our wanton foe! |
| align="center" | prost, ko je bil očakov,
| align="center" | Now, as it once had thriven, |
| align="center" | naprej naj bo Slovencov dom;
| align="center" | May our dear realm in freedom grow. |
| align="center" | naj zdrobé
| align="center" | May fall the last |
| align="center" | njih roké
| align="center" | Chains of the past |
| align="center" | si spone, ki jim še težé!
| align="center" | Which bind us still and hold us fast! |
| align="center" | 4. |
| align="center" | Edinost, sreča, sprava
| align="center" | Let peace, glad conciliation, |
| align="center" | k nam naj nazaj se vrnejo;
| align="center" | Come back to us throughout the land! |
| align="center" | otrók, kar ima Slava,
| align="center" | Towards their destination |
| align="center" | vsi naj si v róke sežejo,
| align="center" | Let Slavs henceforth go hand-in-hand! |
| align="center" | de oblast
| align="center" | Thus again |
| align="center" | in z njo čast,
| align="center" | Will honour reign |
| align="center" | ko préd, spet naša bode last!
| align="center" | To justice pledged in our domain. |
| align="center" | 5. |
| align="center" | Bog žívi vas Slovenke,
| align="center" | To you, our pride past measure, |
| align="center" | prelepe, žlahtne rožice;
| align="center" | Our girls! Your beauty, charm and grace! |
| align="center" | ni take je mladenke,
| align="center" | There surely is no treasure |
| align="center" | ko naše je krvi dekle;
| align="center" | To equal maidens of such race. |
| align="center" | naj sinóv
| align="center" | Sons you'll bear, |
| align="center" | zarod nov
| align="center" | Who will dare |
| align="center" | iz vas bo strah sovražnikov!
| align="center" | Defy our foe no matter where. |
| align="center" | 6. |
| align="center" | Mladenči, zdaj se pije
| align="center" | Our hope now, our to-morrow - |
| align="center" | zdravica vaša, vi naš up;
| align="center" | The youths – we toast and toast with joy. |
| align="center" | ljubezni domačije
| align="center" | No poisonous blight or sorrow |
| align="center" | noben naj vam ne usmŕti strup;
| align="center" | Your love of homeland shall destroy. |
| align="center" | ker po nas
| align="center" | With us indeed |
| align="center" | bode vas
| align="center" | You're called to heed |
| align="center" | jo sŕčno bránit klical čas!
| align="center" | Its summons in this hour of need. |
| align="center" | 7. |
| align="center" | Živé naj vsi naródi,
| align="center" | God's blessing on all nations, |
| align="center" | ki hrepené dočakat dan,
| align="center" | Who long and work for that bright day, |
| align="center" | da, koder sonce hodi,
| align="center" | When o'er earth's habitations |
| align="center" | prepir iz svéta bo pregnan,
| align="center" | No war, no strife shall hold its sway; |
| align="center" | da rojak
| align="center" | 'Who long to see |
| align="center" | prost bo vsak,
| align="center" | That all men free, |
| align="center" | ne vrag, le sosed bo mejak!
| align="center" | No more shall foes, but neighbours be. |
| align="center" | 8. |
| align="center" | Nazadnje še, prijatlji,
| align="center" | At last to our reunion - |
| align="center" | kozarce zase vzdignimo,
| align="center" | To us the toast! Let it resound, |
| align="center" | ki smo zato se zbrat'li,
| align="center" | Since in this great communion |
| align="center" | ker dobro v srcu mislimo;
| align="center" | By thoughts of brotherhood we're bound |
| align="center" | dókaj dni
| align="center" | May joyful cheer |
| align="center" | naj živí
| align="center" | Ne'er disappear |
| align="center" | vsak, kar nas dobrih je ljudi!
| align="center" | From all good hearts now gathered here. |
Notes
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References
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External links
- {{commons category-inline|Zdravljica}}
- {{Wikisourcelang-inline|sl|Zdravljica}}
{{Slovenia topics}}
{{France Prešeren}}