(163899) 2003 SD220
{{Short description|Sub-kilometer asteroid and tumbling slow rotator}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{mp|(163899) 2003 SD|220}}}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = {{mp|(163899) 2003 SD|220}}
| background = #FFC2E0
| image = 2003 SD220 - PIA22970 crop.png
| image_scale =
| caption = Radar image of {{mp|2003 SD|220}} from Arecibo Observatory on 16 December 2018
| discoverer = LONEOS
| discovery_site = Anderson Mesa Stn.
| discovered = 29 September 2003
| mpc_name = (163899) {{mp|2003 SD|220}}
| alt_names = {{nowrap|{{mp|2003 SD|220}}{{·}}{{mp|2000 AD|229}}}}
| pronounced =
| named_after =
| mp_category = NEO{{·}}PHA{{·}}Aten
| epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 15.96 yr (5,828 days)
| aphelion = 1.0019 AU
| perihelion = 0.6533 AU
| semimajor = 0.8276 AU
| eccentricity = 0.2106
| period = 0.75 yr (275 days)
| mean_anomaly = 322.67°
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|1.3092|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 8.4591°
| asc_node = 274.05°
| arg_peri = 326.47°
| moid = 0.0174 AU{{·}}6.8 LD
| mean_diameter = {{val|0.80|0.02}} km
1.03 km {{small|(calculated)}}
| rotation = {{val|285|5}} h{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot-Warner}}
{{val|11.9|0.2}} days
| albedo = 0.20 {{small|(assumed)}}
{{val|0.31|0.04}}
| spectral_type = S {{small|(assumed)}}
| abs_magnitude = 17.3{{·}}17.36
|magnitude = 13.5 {{small|(2021 peak)}}
}}
{{mp|(163899) 2003 SD|220}} is a sub-kilometer asteroid and tumbling slow rotator, classified as near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Aten group, which orbit the Sun between Venus and Earth. Its orbital period of 0.75 years means that it orbits the Sun about 4 times for every 3 of the Earth. It was discovered on 29 September 2003, by astronomers of the Lowell Observatory Near-Earth-Object Search at Anderson Mesa Station near Flagstaff, Arizona.
Earth flybys 2015–2027
File:2003 SD220 orbit 2019.png
File:2003 SD220 earth distances 2009-2027.png
It passed about 28 lunar distances (LD) from the Earth on 25 December 2015. It came within about 7 LD (0.0189 AU) on 22 December 2018. Its peak brightness was about 13.13 magnitude on 16 December 2018.
Observations are planned for favorable flybys in 2021, 2024, and 2027. It passed with 14 LD (0.0363 AU) on 17 December 2021, and 34 LD (0.0884 AU) on 2 December 2024, and 54 LD (0.1382 AU) on 12 November 2027.
Patrick Taylor of Arecibo Observatory suggested it could be a target for a future robotic mission.[https://sservi.nasa.gov/articles/silent-night-asteroid-2003-sd220-sleighs-by-earth-on-christmas-eve Silent Night: Asteroid 2003 SD220 Sleighs by Earth on Christmas Eve] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810170807/http://sservi.nasa.gov/articles/silent-night-asteroid-2003-sd220-sleighs-by-earth-on-christmas-eve/ |date=2016-08-10 }} Arecibo Observatory
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size: 0.9em;"
! Date ! JPL SBDB ! uncertainty | ||
| 2021-12-17 | {{val|5427633|u=km}} | ± 22 km |
{{clear|left}}
= 2015 =
It was observed in December 2015 at a distance of 28.3 lunar distances (0.07296 AU) on 24 December, and its brightest was 15.22 magnitude on 16 December. It showed an elongated shape, up to 2 km wide, described as being shaped like a sweet potato.{{fact|date=November 2024}}
| class=wikitable
!colspan=2|GDSCC |
| 180px 17 December 2015 |150px |260px |
| + Path of asteroid during December 2015 (3 day motion) |
{{Clear}}
= Closest flyby 2018 =
{{mp|2003 SD|220}} passed its closest distance of 7.34 LD (0.01899 AU) on 22 December 2018. It was on the list of Goldstone targets for December 2018 {{Cite web|url=https://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/goldstone_asteroid_schedule.html|title = Goldstone Asteroid Schedule}} to gain more information for the Near-Earth Object Human Space Flight Accessible Targets Study (NHATS).{{Cite web|url=https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/nhats/intro.html|title = Accessible NEAs}}
Its peak brightness was about 13.1 magnitude on 16 December 2018, moving south from Ursa Major and Boötes into Ophiuchus at closest approach and into Sagittarius.
| + The daily motion of (163899) 2003 SD220 in December 2018 |
= 2021=
{{mp|2003 SD|220}} passed at a distance of 14.1 lunar distances (0.03628 AU) on 17 December 2021. It was observed by the Goldstone Solar System Radar from November to December 2021.
| class=wikitable
|180px |
Notes
{{notelist|refs=
{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot-Warner|1=[http://www.planetarysciences.org/plots/BDW/163899_2003SD220_2015-11-06.PNG Lightcurve plot of {{mp|(163899) 2003 SD|220}}], by Brian Warner, Palmer Divide Station, California (2015). Rotation period of {{val|285|5}} hours with a brightness amplitude of {{val|2.2|0.1}} mag. Quality Code 2+. Summary figures at the [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=163899%7C LCDB]}}
}}
References
{{reflist|30em|refs=
|type = 2021-11-01 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 163899 (2003 SD220)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=163899&view=OPC
|publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory
|accessdate = 22 November 2017}}
|title = 163899 (2003 SD220)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=163899
|accessdate = 22 November 2017}}
|title = LCDB Data for (163899)
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=163899%7C
|accessdate = 22 November 2017}}
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent
|first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer
|first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri
|first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer
|first6 = T. |last6 = Grav
|first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero
|first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett
|first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright
|date = September 2016
|title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 152
|issue = 3
|page = 12
|bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N
|doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63
|arxiv = 1606.08923|s2cid = 119289027 |doi-access = free }}
|author = Warner, Brian D.
|date = April 2016
|title = Near-Earth Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at CS3-Palmer Divide Station: 2015 October-December
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 43
|issue = 2
|pages = 143–154
|pmid = 32455373
|pmc = 7243997
|issn = 1052-8091
|bibcode = 2016MPBu...43..143W}}
}}
External links
{{commons category}}
- [https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4807 Radar Images of a Christmas-Eve Asteroid: An Early Gift for Astronomers] Goldstone, JPL, 23 December 2015
- [http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2015/12/21/asteroid_2003_sd220_passes_earth_on_christmas_eve.html No, a "Massive" Asteroid Passing Earth on Thursday Will Not Cause Earthquakes] By Phil Plait, 21 December 2015
- [https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.05437 Mission Opportunities for Human Exploration of Nearby Planetary Bodies] Cyrus Foster, Matthew Daniels (2016)
- {{NeoDys|163899}}
- {{ESA-SSA|163899|2003SD220}}
- {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator | |number=163899 |Pagename={{mp|(163899) 2003 SD|220}} | }}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{2018 in space}}
{{2021 in space}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:2003 SD220}}