:683 series
{{short description|Japanese train type}}
{{Cleanup|date=February 2023|reason=Infobox is too cluttered. Splitting into several smaller infoboxes may be ideal.}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox train
| background =
| name = 683 series
| image = JRW Series683-4000R.jpg
| imagesize = 300px
| caption = A refurbished JR-West 683-4000 series train on a Thunderbird service in April 2022
| service =
| manufacturer = Hitachi, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Kinki Sharyo
| factory =
| family = A-train
| replaced = 485 series
| yearconstruction = 2001–2011
| yearservice = 2001
| refurbishment = 2015–
| yearscrapped =
| numberconstruction =
| numberbuilt = 270 vehicles
| numberservice = 189 vehicles (the rest of 79 vehicles were converted to 289 series)
| numberpreserved =
| numberscrapped = 2 vehicles{{cite book |script-title=ja: JR電車編成表 2017冬 |trans-title= JR EMU Formations – Winter 2017 |publisher = Kotsu Shimbunsha |date = 16 November 2016 |location = Japan |language = ja |pages = 135–136, 144, 357|isbn = 978-4-330-73716-4|title= Jr電車編成表 }}
| formation = 3/5/6/9 cars per trainset
| fleetnumbers =
| capacity =
| operator = JR-West (2001–)
Hokuetsu Express (2005–2015)
| depots = Kyoto, Kanazawa
| lines = Tokaido Main Line, Kosei Line, Hokuriku Main Line, IR Ishikawa Railway Line, Nanao Line
| carbody = Aluminium alloy, double-skin
| carlength =
| width =
| height =
| floorheight =
| platformheight =
| entrylevelorstep =
| doors =
| maxspeed = {{Convert|160|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}} (683-4000/5000/8000 series)
{{Convert|130|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}} (683-0/1000/2000/3000 series){{cite book |script-title=ja: JR全車輌ハンドブック2006 |trans-title= JR Rolling Stock Handbook 2006 |publisher = Neko Publishing |date = 2006 |location = Japan |language = ja |isbn = 978-4-7770-0453-9}}
| weight =
| acceleration =
| deceleration =
| traction = Variable frequency (3-level IGBT)
| aux =
| powersupply =
| hvac =
| electricsystem = 20 kV AC 60 Hz / 1,500 V DC overhead
| collectionmethod = WPS27C scissors-type pantograph
WPS28D single-arm pantograph (683-4000/5000 series)
| bogies =
| brakes = Regenerative brake, electronically controlled pneumatic brakes, snow-resistant brake
| safety = ATS-SW, ATS-P
| coupling =
| multipleworking = 681 series
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1067mm|lk=on}}
}}
The {{Nihongo|683 series|683系|683-kei}} is a dual-voltage electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR-West) on limited express services in Japan since 2001.
Variants
= 683-0 series =
The first subseries consists of 54 cars composed of 6 6-car trains (W31–W36) and 6 3-car trains (V31–V36) built in 2001–2002.{{Cite book |title=JR電車編成表 2011夏 |publisher=Kotsu Shimbunsha |isbn=978-4-330-21211-1 |pages=145 |language=ja |trans-title=JR EMU Formations – Summer 2011}}
= 683-2000 series =
87 cars were built in 3-car and 5-car sets. This subseries was subsequently transferred to the 289 series with their AC equipment removed.{{cite web |date=28 April 2015 |script-title=ja: JR西日本289系、683系を形式変更し「くろしお」などに投入! 381系は廃車に |trans-title=JR-West to reclassify 683 series to 289 series for introduction on Kuroshio and other services. 381 series to be withdrawn. |url=http://news.mynavi.jp/news/2015/04/28/381/ |accessdate=28 April 2015 |work=Mynavi News |publisher=Mynavi Corporation |language=Japanese |location=Japan}} The move was made after the opening of the Hokuriku Shinkansen and the associated discontinuation of service by these sets on the Hokuhoku Line.
= 683-4000 series =
108 cars were built in 9-car sets for a total of 12 trainsets.
File:JR West 683 series EMU 421.JPG|683-4000 series
= 683-8000 series =
This is the designation given to a 6-car train (N03) and a 3-car train (N13) formerly owned by Hokuetsu Express for services on the Hakutaka limited express. At the opening of the Hokuriku Shinkansen in March 2015, the sets were transferred to JR West.{{Cite web |date=24 April 2015 |title=683系8000番台が"サンダーバード"に |trans-title=683 series 8000 series transferred to "Thunderbird" services |url=https://railf.jp/news/2015/04/24/160000.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209134522/https://railf.jp/news/2015/04/24/160000.html |archive-date=9 December 2022 |access-date=6 February 2023 |website=Japan Railfan Magazine Online |language=ja}}
Operations
=JR-West=
- Thunderbird
- Shirasagi
- Biwako Express
- Ohayō Express
- Oyasumi Express
- Dinostar (from 14 March 2015)
- Noto Kagaribi (from 14 March 2015)
- Kuroshio (from 13 March 2015){{cite journal|title= Railnews|journal = Japan Railfan Magazine |volume = 55|issue = 647 |page=171 |language = ja |date = March 2015}}
=Hokuetsu Express=
- Hakutaka (until 12 March 2015)
=JR Central=
- Home Liner Ōgaki rapid service (until 13 March 2015)
- Home Liner Sekigahara rapid service (until 13 March 2015)
{{Clear}}
Formations
The various formations are configured as follows.
=3-car sets=
==''Thunderbird'' sets==
| class="wikitable" |
| Designation
| Tpc || M || T'c |
|---|
| Numbering
| KuHa 682-500 || MoHa 683-1300 || KuHa 683–700 |
| class="wikitable" |
| Designation
| Tpc || T || Mc |
|---|
| Numbering
| KuHa 682-2700 || SaHa 683-2400 || KuMoHa 683–3500 |
| class="wikitable" |
| Designation
| T'c || M || Tpc |
|---|
| Numbering
| KuHa 683-8700 || MoHa 683-8000 || KuHa 682–8500 |
==''Shirasagi'' sets==
| class="wikitable" |
| Designation
| Mc || T || Tpc |
|---|
| Numbering
| KuMoHa 683-3500 || SaHa 683-2400 || KuHa 682–2700 |
The KuHa 682 cars are each fitted with one scissors-type pantograph.
=5-car sets=
==''Shirasagi'' sets==
| class="wikitable" |
| Designation
| Mc || T || Tp || M || Tpsc |
|---|
| Numbering
| KuMoHa 683-3500 || SaHa 683-2500 || SaHa 682-2200 || MoHa 683-3400 || KuRo 682–2000 |
The SaHa 682 and KuRo 682 cars are each fitted with one scissors-type pantograph.
=6-car sets=
==''Thunderbird'' sets==
| class="wikitable" |
| Designation
| Tsc || Tp || M || T || Tp || Mc |
|---|
| Numbering
| KuRo 683 || SaHa 682 || MoHa 683-1000 || SaHa 683-300 || SaHa 682 || KuMoHa 683–1500 |
| class="wikitable" |
| Designation
| Mc || Tp || T || M || Tp || Tsc |
|---|
| Numbering
| KuMoHa 683-8700 || SaHa 682-8000 || SaHa 683-8000 || MoHa 683-8300 || SaHa 682-8000 || KuRo 683–8000 |
The SaHa 682 cars are each fitted with one scissors-type pantograph.
=9-car sets=
==''Thunderbird'' sets==
| class="wikitable" |
| Designation
| Tsc || Tp || M || Tp || M || colspan="2" | T || Tp || Mc |
|---|
| Numbering
| KuRo 683-4500 || SaHa 682-4300 || MoHa 683-5400 || SaHa 682-4400 || MoHa 683-5000 || SaHa 683-4700 || SaHa 683-4800 || SaHa 682-4300 || KuMoHa 683–5500 |
The SaHa 682 cars are each fitted with one single-arm pantograph.
Interior
File:JRW series683-2000 ordinarycar-inside-1.JPG|683-2000 series odd number car Standard-class saloon, January 2012
File:JRW series683-2000 ordinarycar-inside-2.JPG|683-2000 series even number car Standard-class saloon, January 2012
File:JRW series683-2000 greencar-inside.JPG|683-2000 series Green car saloon, January 2012
File:JRW 683-4000 greencar.jpg|683-4000 series Green car saloon, June 2010
Refurbishment
All of the 683 series trainsets used on Thunderbird limited express services are scheduled to undergo a programme of refurbishment from autumn 2015 until the end of fiscal 2018.{{cite web |url= http://tetsudo-shimbun.com/article/topic/entry-304.html|script-title=ja: より快適に！北陸～近畿を結ぶ特急「サンダーバード」、車両リニューアルへ |trans-title= Rolling stock to be refurbished for Thunderbird limited express trains linking Hokuriku and Kinki|date= 28 January 2015|work= Tetsudo Shimbun|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 28 January 2015}} The first set treated, nine-car 683–4000 series set T51, was returned to revenue service in September 2015.{{cite web |url= http://railf.jp/news/2015/09/27/205500.html|script-title=ja: 683系4000番台リニューアル車が営業運転を開始|trans-title= Refurbished 683-4000 series enters revenue service |date= 27 September 2015|website= Japan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 28 September 2015}}
Conversion to 289 series
{{Main|289 series}}
From 2015, 85 former Shirasagi 683 series vehicles were converted and reformed to become DC-only 289 series EMUs, formed as three-car, four-car, and six-car sets for use on Hashidate, Kinosaki, Kounotori, and Kurioshio limited express services in the Kyoto and Osaka area.{{cite book |script-title=ja: JR電車編成表 2016冬 |trans-title= JR EMU Formations – Winter 2016 |publisher = Kotsu Shimbunsha |date = 18 November 2015 |location = Japan |language = ja |pages = 145, 190|isbn = 978-4-330-62315-3}}
References
{{Commons category}}
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite journal|script-title=ja: オールガイド ６８１・６８３系 |trans-title= Full Guide: 681/683 Series| journal = Japan Railfan Magazine| volume = 49| issue = 577| pages = 56–65| date = May 2009 }}
- {{cite journal|script-title=ja: 北越急行６８１・６８３系 |trans-title= Hokuetsu Express 681/683 Series| journal = Japan Railfan Magazine| volume = 49| issue = 577| pages = 46–55| date = May 2009 }}
- {{cite book |script-title=ja: JR電車編成表 '07冬号 |trans-title= JR EMU Formations – Winter 2007| publisher = JRR| date = December 2006| location = Japan| isbn = 978-4-88283-046-7}}
{{refend}}
{{reflist}}
{{JR-West rolling stock}}{{A-Train}}
Category:Electric multiple units of Japan
Category:West Japan Railway Company
Category:Hitachi multiple units
Category:Train-related introductions in 2001
Category:20 kV AC multiple units
Category:Kawasaki multiple units