:ABC (newspaper)

ABC was first published in Madrid on 1 January 1903{{cite book|author=Katrin Voltmer|title=Mass Media and Political Communication in New Democracies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Snx9MYO1T7UC&pg=PA19|year=2006|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-33779-3|page=19}}{{cite journal |author1=Teresa Ortiz-Gómez |author2=Agata Ignaciuk |date=2013 |title="Pregnancy and labour cause more deaths than oral contraceptives": The debate on the pill in the Spanish press in the 1960s and 1970s |journal=Public Understanding of Science |volume=24 |issue=6 |pages=658–671 |doi=10.1177/0963662513509764 |issn=0963-6625 |pmid=24259515 |s2cid=28696508}} by Torcuato Luca de Tena y Álvarez-Ossorio.{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|title=ABC|edition=15th|year=2010|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|volume=I: A-Ak - Bayes|location=Chicago, Illinois|isbn=978-1-59339-837-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/14 14]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/14}}{{cite journal |author=Jacob Fox Watkins |date=2014 |title=Not Just "Franco 's Spain" - The Spanish Political Landscape During Re-Emergence Through the Pact of Madrid |journal=Bulletin for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies |volume=39 |issue=1 |doi=10.26431/0739-182X.1167 |doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 |issn=0739-182X |doi-access=free }} The founding publishing house was Prensa Española, which was led by the founder of the paper, Luca de Tena. The paper started as a weekly newspaper, turning daily in June 1905.{{cite book|author1=Andrea Czepek|author2=Melanie Hellwig|author3=Eva Nowak|title=Press Freedom and Pluralism in Europe: Concepts and Conditions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZHATHfMo7gC&pg=PA275|year=2009|publisher=Intellect Books|isbn=978-1-84150-243-4|page=275}} In 1928 ABC had two editions, one for Madrid and the other for Seville.{{cite book|author=Gabriel Jackson|title=Spanish Republic and the Civil War, 1931-1939|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vpOwwZWGtBcC&pg=PA555|year=2012|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-2018-4|page=555}} The latter was named ABC de Sevilla.

On 20 July 1936, shortly after the Spanish Civil War began, ABC in Madrid was seized by the republican government, which changed the paper's politics to support the Republicans. The same year Blanco y Negro, a magazine, became its supplement.{{cite book|author1=Xon de Ros|author2=Geraldine Hazbun|title=A Companion to Spanish Women's Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pRYABQAAQBAJ&pg=PA195|year=2014|publisher=Boydell & Brewer Ltd|isbn=978-1-85566-286-5|page=195}} The ABC printed in Seville was supportive of the Nationalists. In 1939 ABC in Madrid was given back to its original owners by Francisco Franco. During this period the paper was one of two major dailies in the country together with La Vanguardia Española.

ABC publishes in compact-sized stapled sheets, noticeably smaller than the loose tabloid format favoured by most Spanish dailies, including El País and El Mundo. Its cover distinctively features a full-size picture. In the late 1970s and 1980s, ABC had close connections with first Popular Alliance and later Popular Party.{{cite journal |author1=Frank R. Baumgartner |author2=Laura Chaqués Bonafont |year=2014 |title=All News is Bad News: Newspaper Coverage of Political Parties in Spain |url=http://www.unc.edu/~fbaum/articles/PolComBadNews-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Political Communication |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=268–291 |doi=10.1080/10584609.2014.919974 |issn=1058-4609 |s2cid=9157498 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207231741/http://www.unc.edu/~fbaum/articles/PolComBadNews-2014.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2014 |access-date=4 December 2014}} In the 1990s, the publisher of ABC was Editorial Española. The paper later moved from its historic landmark offices in Madrid by Paseo de la Castellana, which is now a shopping mall. The paper is part of Grupo Vocento,{{cite journal |author1=Andreu Casero-Ripollés |author2=Jessica Izquierdo-Castillo |date=2013 |title=Between Decline and a New Online Business Model: The Case of the Spanish Newspaper Industry |url=http://repositori.uji.es/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10234/92211/Casero_Izquierdo.pdf?sequence=1 |journal=Journal of Media Business Studies |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=63–78 |doi=10.1080/16522354.2013.11073560 |issn=1652-2354 |access-date=1 December 2014 |hdl-access=free |hdl=10234/92211 |s2cid=73667009}}{{cite journal |author1=Enric Castelló |author2=David Domingo |date=2005 |title=Spanish media facing new media: a challenge to journalists? |url=http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=c38d19e1-7bac-4754-8a34-a4d204a334c8%40sessionmgr4002&vid=0&hid=4210 |journal=International Journal of Iberian Studies |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=181–200 |doi=10.1386/ijis.18.3.181_1 |issn=1364-971X |access-date=3 December 2014}} which also owns El Correo Español, El Diario Vasco, La Verdad and Las Provincias, among others.{{cite web|author=David Ward|title=A Mapping Study of Media Concentration and Ownership in Ten European Countries|url=http://77.87.161.246/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/A-Mapping-Study-of-Media-Concentration-and-Ownership-in-Ten-European-Countries.pdf|work=Dutch Media Authority|access-date=19 February 2014|year=2004|archive-date=12 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812203318/http://77.87.161.246/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/A-Mapping-Study-of-Media-Concentration-and-Ownership-in-Ten-European-Countries.pdf|url-status=dead}}

ABC is known for generally supporting conservative political views,{{cite book |author=Bogusława Dobek-Ostrowska |url=https://www.questia.com/read/118791241/comparative-media-systems-european-and-global-perspectives |title=Comparative Media Systems: European and Global Perspectives |date=2010 |publisher=Central European University Press |isbn=9786155211898 |location=Budapest |display-authors=etal |access-date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130837/https://www.questia.com/read/118791241/comparative-media-systems-european-and-global-perspectives |archive-date=2 April 2015 |url-status=dead}} and defending the Spanish monarchy.{{cite book|author1=Richard Gunther|author2=Jose Ramon Montero|author3=Jose Ignacio Wert|editor1=Richard Gunther|editor2=Anthony Mughan|title=Democracy and the Media: A Comparative Perspective|date=2000|publisher=Cambridge University Press|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XfCDTe5s9ngC&q=news+magazines+in+spain&pg=PA28|access-date=27 November 2014|chapter=The media and politics in Spain|isbn=9780521777438}} The paper also has a right-wing stance.{{cite web|author=Dan Beeton|title=Spanish Newspaper ABC Runs a "Completely False" Report on Venezuela, Again|url=http://www.cepr.net/index.php/blogs/the-americas-blog/spanish-newspaper-abc-runs-a-completely-false-report-on-venezuela-again|publisher=CEPR|access-date=29 September 2014|date=22 July 2013|archive-date=20 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420085043/http://www.cepr.net/index.php/blogs/the-americas-blog/spanish-newspaper-abc-runs-a-completely-false-report-on-venezuela-again|url-status=dead}} Its director since 1983, Luis María Ansón, left the paper in 1997;{{cite book |author1=Sandra Truscott |author2=Maria J. Garcia |date=1998 |title=A Dictionary of Contemporary Spain |url=http://samples.sainsburysebooks.co.uk/9781136595028_sample_499003.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222172835/http://samples.sainsburysebooks.co.uk/9781136595028_sample_499003.pdf |archive-date=22 December 2015 |access-date=23 April 2015 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=9781579581138}} he founded another daily, La Razón, which initially catered to even more conservative readers. Historically, it was noted in its heavy use of photography, and the front page is typically a large photo taking up to one third of the area. It has been recognized for its coverage of Spanish culture and arts.

On 25 September 2009, ABC made its complete archives, dating back to 1903, available online, giving modern readers a chance to see contemporaneous news about the Spanish Civil War or Francisco Franco's death.

In February 1970 ABC had a circulation of 212,536 copies.{{cite book|author=Juan A. Giner|editor=Kenneth Maxwell|title=The Press and the Rebirth of Iberian Democracy|date=1983|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport, CT|chapter-url=https://www.questia.com/read/23343582/the-press-and-the-rebirth-of-iberian-democracy|access-date=|chapter=Journalists, Mass Media, and Public Opinion in Spain, 1938-1982|archive-date=15 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215193743/https://www.questia.com/read/23343582/the-press-and-the-rebirth-of-iberian-democracy|url-status=dead}} It was 178,979 copies in February 1975, 171,382 copies in 1976, 145,162 copies in 1977. and 126,952 copies in 1978. The circulation of the paper was 135,380 copies in February 1980.

The 1993 circulation of ABC was 334,317 copies, making it the second-best-selling newspaper in Spain.{{cite web|title=The Daily Press|url=http://contenidos.educarex.es/mci/2004/30/WebQuest/faseprevia_archivos/www.sispain.org/english/media/press.html|work=Contenidos|access-date=19 February 2015}} In 1994. it was again the second-best-selling newspaper in the country with a circulation of 321,571 copies.{{cite web|title=Facts of Spain |url=http://www2.fiu.edu/~rquin001/factsspain.html |publisher=Florida International University |access-date=23 February 2015 |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621080435/http://www2.fiu.edu/~rquin001/factsspain.html |archive-date=21 June 2013 }}{{cite journal |last1=Alvarez |first1=Jose L. |last2=Mazza |first2=Carmelo |last3=Mur |first3=Jordi |date=October 1999 |title=The management publishing industry in Europe |url=http://www.iese.edu/research/pdfs/OP-99-04-E.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100630042406/http://www.iese.edu/research/pdfs/OP-99-04-E.pdf |archive-date=30 June 2010 |access-date=27 April 2015 |publisher=University of Navarra |journal= IESE Occasional Papers |volume=99|issue=4 }} In the period of 1995–1996 the paper had a circulation of 321,573 copies, making again it the second-best-selling paper in the country.{{cite book|title=Media Policy: Convergence, Concentration & Commerce|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k6HU9WdjwgkC&pg=PA7|year=1998|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-1-4462-6524-6|page=7}}

The circulation of ABC was 292,000 copies in 2001{{cite news|author=Adam Smith|title=Europe's Top Papers|url=http://www.campaignlive.co.uk/news/164161/|access-date=7 February 2015|work=campaign|date=15 November 2002}} and 262,874 copies in 2002. The paper had a circulation of 263,000 copies in 2003, being the fourth best-selling newspaper in the country.{{cite journal |author=Roland Schroeder |date=2004 |title=Interactive Info Graphics in Europe-- added value to online mass media: a preliminary survey |journal=Journalism Studies |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=563–570 |doi=10.1080/14616700412331296473 |issn=1461-670X |s2cid=144687383}}{{cite web|title=World Press Trends|url=http://www.wan-press.org/ecrire/upload/wpt2004.pdf|work=World Association of Newspapers|access-date=15 February 2015|location=Paris|date=2004}} Based on the findings of the European Business Readership Survey ABC had 5,685 readers per issue in 2006.{{cite book|author=Craig Carroll|title=Corporate Reputation and the News Media: Agenda-setting Within Business News Coverage in Developed, Emerging, and Frontier Markets|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2iNAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA176|year=2010|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-25244-1|page=177}} Between June 2006 and July 2007 the daily had a circulation of 230,422 copies. The 2008 circulation of the paper was 228,258 copies.{{cite book|author=Alan Albarran|title=Handbook of Spanish Language Media|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4uOPAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA20|year=2009|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-85430-0|page=25}} It was 243,154 copies between July 2010 and June 2011.[http://www.ojd.es/OJD/Portal/diarios_ojd/_4DOSpuiQo1Y_FOivPcLIIA Figures covering July 2010 to June 2011 in Spain] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429094834/http://www.ojd.es/OJD/Portal/diarios_ojd/_4DOSpuiQo1Y_FOivPcLIIA |date=29 April 2011 }}, Oficina de Justificación de la Difusión. Retrieved 28 January 2012.

• List of national newspapers

{{Reflist|33em}}

• Merrill, John C. and Harold A. Fisher. The world's great dailies: profiles of fifty newspapers (1980). pp. 33–36.

• [http://www.abc.es/ ABC.es] – official online version of ABC
• [http://iberianature.com/spain_culture/culture-and-history-of-spain-a/abc-newspaper/ The ABC] – Article in English discussing ABC
• {{Twitter|id=abc_es}}

{{Spain newspapers}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:1903 establishments in Spain

Category:Conservatism in Spain

Category:Daily newspapers published in Spain

Category:Grupo Vocento

Category:Mass media in Seville

Category:Newspapers published in Madrid

Category:Newspapers established in 1903

Category:Spanish-language newspapers

Category:Spanish-language websites