:Acne fulminans

Acne fulminans begins as pain and inflammation in the joints.{{Citation |last1=Zaenglein |first1=Andrea L. |title=Acne Variants and Acneiform Eruptions |date=2019 |url=http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1161325496 |work=Fitzpatrick's Dermatology |editor-last=Kang |editor-first=Sewon |edition=9 |place=New York, NY |publisher=McGraw-Hill Education |access-date=2022-03-26 |last2=Graber |first2=Emmy M. |last3=Thiboutot |first3=Diane M. |editor2-last=Amagai |editor2-first=Masayuki |editor3-last=Bruckner |editor3-first=Anna L. |editor4-last=Enk |editor4-first=Alexander H.}} It eventually progresses into a swelling of the lymph nodes located at the base of the neck, causing inflexibility in the neck within weeks after the nodes swell. This swelling will eventually decrease, but this decrease will be accompanied by an increased inflammation and swelling of the joints, as well as a complete loss of appetite, though these symptoms are often ignored. After some time, the disease will cause an extreme loss of weight and atrophy of the muscles, leading to the decline of physical abilities.{{cite journal|url=http://reference.medscape.com/medline/abstract/14007467|journal= Arthritis & Rheumatism|title=Acne conglobata and arthritis.|date=1961|volume=4|pages=632–5|doi=10.1002/art.1780040609 |pmid=14007467 |issn=0004-3591|author1=WINDOM RE |author2=SANFORD JP |author3=ZIFF M |issue=6 |url-access=subscription}}

There is limited evidenced-based data concerning the treatment of AF.{{Cite journal |last1=Greywal |first1=Tanya |last2=Zaenglein |first2=Andrea L. |last3=Baldwin |first3=Hilary E. |last4=Bhatia |first4=Neal |last5=Chernoff |first5=Karen A. |last6=Rosso |first6=James Q. Del |last7=Eichenfield |first7=Lawrence F. |last8=Levin |first8=Marc H. |last9=Leyden |first9=James J. |last10=Thiboutot |first10=Diane M. |last11=Webster |first11=Guy F. |date=2017-07-01 |title=Evidence-based recommendations for the management of acne fulminans and its variants |url=https://www.jaad.org/article/S0190-9622(16)31116-1/abstract |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology |language=English |volume=77 |issue=1 |pages=109–117 |doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2016.11.028 |issn=0190-9622 |pmid=28619551|s2cid=205514693 |url-access=subscription }} Treatment should be sought immediately in order to avoid hospitalization. If not treated, hospitalization for an extended period of time (usually two weeks) is likely.{{Cite journal |last1=Alakeel |first1=Abdullah |last2=Ferneiny |first2=Marie |last3=Auffret |first3=Nicole |last4=Bodemer |first4=Christine |date=November 2016 |title=Acne Fulminans: Case Series and Review of the Literature |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pde.12983 |journal=Pediatric Dermatology |language=en |volume=33 |issue=6 |pages=e388–e392 |doi=10.1111/pde.12983|pmid=27699859 |s2cid=31943912 |url-access=subscription }} During hospitalization, the patient is tested for signs of system degradation, especially of the skeletal structure and the digestive tract. By this time open sores will develop on the upper torso. Some will be the size of dimes, others will be large enough to stick a couple fingers into. They will crust up, causing cohesion to any fabric the sores touch, which is extremely painful to remove. It is recommended to sleep on one's sides until the cystic condition subsides, in order to avoid any uncomfortable situations. Debridement and immunosuppressant drugs (e.g. prednisone) are preferred over antibiotics.{{cite journal|url=http://reference.medscape.com/medline/abstract/15858507|journal=J Am Acad Dermatol |title=Acne fulminans with synovitis-acne-pustulosis-hyperostosis-osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome treated with infliximab.|date=2005|volume=52|issue=5 Suppl 1|pages=S118-20|pmid=15858507 |issn=1097-6787|last1=Iqbal |first1=M. |last2=Kolodney |first2=M. S. |doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2004.09.006 |url-access=subscription}} Recurrent AF is extremely rare. Bone lesions typically resolve with treatment, but residual radiographic changes, such as sclerosis and hyperostosis, may remain. Scarring and fibrosis may result from this acute inflammatory process. The disease activates at the height of puberty, usually at around 13 years of age. Acne fulminans predominantly affects young Hispanic White males aged 13 to 22 years with a history of acne. Studies have found successful treatment with Antimicrobial Agents and Oral Prednisolone.{{Cite journal |last1=Siadat |first1=Amir Hossein |last2=Bostakian |first2=Anis |last3=Abtahi-Naeini |first3=Bahareh |last4=Shahbazi |first4=Masoom |date=2017 |title=Successful Treatment of Facial Acne Fulminans: Antimicrobial Agents and Oral Prednisolone as Promising Regimes |journal=Case Reports in Dermatological Medicine |volume=2017 |pages=7092910 |doi=10.1155/2017/7092910 |issn=2090-6463 |pmc=5385906 |pmid=28428896|doi-access=free }}

In 1958, at a meeting of the Detroit Dermatological Society, Burns and Colville presented a 16-year-old white boy with acute febrile disease and acne conglobata. Many similar cases have been reported since then.{{cite journal |vauthors=Burns RE, Colville JM |year=1959 |title=Acne conglobata with septicemia |journal=Arch. Dermatol. |volume=79 |issue= |pages=361}} Genetic factors may play an important role in some patients; 4 sets of identical twins who developed an identical pattern of acne fulminans have been documented.{{cite journal|url=http://reference.medscape.com/medline/abstract/84495|journal=Acta Derm Venereol |title=Hormonal analysis and delayed hypersensitivity reactions in identical twins with severe acne.|date=1979|volume=59|issue=2|pages=157–60|pmid=84495 |issn=0001-5555|last1=Palatsi |first1=R. |last2=Oikarinen |first2=A. }}

• List of cutaneous conditions

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| ICD10 = {{ICD10|L|70|8}} (ILDS L70.812)

| ICD9 = {{ICD9|706.1}}

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{{Disorders of skin appendages}}

Category:Acneiform eruptions