:Anchitheriinae

{{Short description|Extinct subfamily of mammals}}

{{Automatic Taxobox

| image = Hypohippus skeleton.jpg

| image_caption = Hypohippus

| name = Anchitheriinae

| fossil_range = {{Fossilrange|42.0|3.6}} Middle Eocene to early Pliocene

| taxon = Anchitheriinae

| authority = Leidy, 1869

| subdivision_ranks = Genera

| subdivision = * †Anchitherium

• †Archaeohippus
• †Desmatippus
• †Hypohippus
• †Kalobatippus
• †Megahippus
• †Mesohippus
• †Miohippus
• †Parahippus
• †Sinohippus

}}

The Anchitheriinae are an extinct subfamily of the Perissodactyla family Equidae,{{cite book |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-27144-1_2|chapter=Evolutionary Radiation of Equids|first1=Juan L.|last1=Cantalapiedra|first2=Oscar L.|last2=Sanisdro|first3=Enrique|last3=Cantero|first4=Jose Luis|last4=Prado|first5=Mª Teresa Luis|last5=Alberdi| editor1-first= Herbert H.| editor1-last=Prins | editor2-first= Ian J.| editor2-last= Gordon | date=4 August 2023|publisher=Springer|title=The Equids, A Suite of Splendid Species|series=Fascinating Life Sciences |pages=27–45|via=www.springer.com|doi=10.1007/978-3-031-27144-1_2|isbn=978-3-031-27143-4 }} the same family which includes modern horses, zebras and donkeys. This subfamily is more primitive than the living members of the family. The group first appeared with Mesohippus in North America during the middle Eocene and thrived until the late Miocene. The subfamily continued in Eurasia with the genus Sinohippus until the early Pliocene, when it finally became extinct. This subfamily are considered browsers with their more ancestral low-crowned molars, in contrast with the modern, specialized grazer species of modern Equinae. During the Early Miocene, this subfamily experienced an increase in tooth abrasion without any corresponding change in tooth crown height.{{Cite journal |last1=Mihlbachler |first1=Matthew C. |last2=Rivals |first2=Florent |last3=Solounias |first3=Nikos |last4=Semprebon |first4=Gina M. |date=4 March 2011 |title=Dietary Change and Evolution of Horses in North America |url=https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.1196166 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=331 |issue=6021 |pages=1178–1181 |doi=10.1126/science.1196166 |issn=0036-8075 |access-date=26 November 2024}}