:Betws-y-Coed

The name of the village comes from the Welsh words betws (a borrowing from the Old English bed-hus 'a prayer-house' or 'oratory') and y coed ('the wood'). The name therefore means 'prayer-house in the wood'. The earliest record of the name is Betus in 1254.{{Cite book |last1=Owen |first1=Hywel Wyn |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/191731809 |title=Dictionary of the Place-Names of Wales |last2=Morgan |first2=Richard |publisher=Gomer |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-84323-901-7 |location=Llandysul |pages=31 |language=en |oclc=191731809}}

The Welsh Language Commissioner gives the standard form of the name as Betws-y-coed, with a lower case 'c'.{{Cite web |last=Welsh Language Commissioner |title=List of Standardised Welsh Place-names |url=https://www.welshlanguagecommissioner.wales/policy-and-research/welsh-place-names |access-date=2 May 2023 |website=Welsh Language Commissioner}} The local community council gives the name as Betws-y-Coed, with an upper case 'C'.

File:Pont-y-pair Bridge.jpg]]

The village, which is now within Snowdonia National Park, stands in a valley near the point where the River Llugwy and the River Lledr join the River Conwy. The location is where a Celtic Christian community founded a monastery in the late 6th century AD. A village developed around the site over subsequent centuries. In the medieval period, the local lead mining industry brought miners and their families to the village.

Following the Acts of Union 1800 between Ireland and the UK, better transport links were proposed between the two countries. Surveyors decided that the best route for a road (now the A5) between London and Holyhead should pass through the village. In 1815, Waterloo Bridge, built by Thomas Telford, opened to carry the Irish Mail road across the River Conwy and through the village. The establishment of the route brought an economic boost to the area as the village became a major mail coach stop between Corwen (to the east) and Capel Curig (to the west). It also led to improvement of the roads to Blaenau Ffestiniog and to Llanrwst and Conwy.

In 1868, Betws-y-Coed railway station opened with the extension of the Conwy Valley line from Llanrwst. The railway was later further extended to serve the mineral industries in Blaenau Ffestiniog. With the arrival of the railway from Llandudno Junction railway station, the village's population increased by around 500 people.

The village was historically within Caernarfonshire, with the River Conwy at this point forming the border with Denbighshire.

File:St Mary's Church, Betws-y-Coed.jpg

The Church of St Mary is an active Anglican parish church of the Church in Wales, in the deanery of Arllechwedd, the archdeaconry of Bangor and the diocese of Bangor.{{Citation| url = http://www.churchinwales.org.uk/bangor/diocese/parish_details/arllechwedd/stmarybetwsycoed.html| title = St Mary, Betws-y-coed| access-date = 9 June 2011| publisher = Diocese of Bangor| archive-date = 7 June 2011| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110607212642/http://www.churchinwales.org.uk/bangor/diocese/parish_details/arllechwedd/stmarybetwsycoed.html| url-status = dead}} It is designated by Cadw as a Grade II* listed building.{{National Historic Assets of Wales|num=3640 |desc=St. Mary's Church |access-date=11 April 2019}}

The Anglican church was constructed to accommodate increasing numbers of summer visitors to the area. It replaced the earlier 14th century St Michael's Old Church, from which the village took the name Betws. The building, which cost £5,000 (equivalent to £{{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|5000|1873|r=-4}}}} in {{Inflation-year|UK}}),{{Inflation-fn|UK}} was designed by the Lancaster partnership of Paley and Austin. The principal benefactor was the Liverpool businessman Charles Kurtz. Work began on the village's former cockpit and fairground in 1870.

The church was consecrated in July 1873. Interior features include a wooden cross-beamed roof with walls and floors made from various types of stone, such as local bluestone, sandstone (floor tiles) from Ancaster, and black serpentine from Cornwall. There is seating for a congregation of 150 people.{{sfn|Brandwood|Austin|Hughes|Price|2012|pp=101, 226}}

The square bell tower was completed in 1907, although no bells were fitted. An integrated church hall was added in the 1970s; its commemorative stone was laid by the Earl of Ancaster in 1976.

File:Betws-y-Coed Memorial Hall - geograph.org.uk - 3283209.jpg

There are two tiers of local government covering Betws-y-Coed, at community and county borough level: Betws-y-Coed Community Council and Conwy County Borough Council. The community council meets at the Memorial Hall on Mill Street (Pentre Felin).{{cite web |title=Memorial Hall |url=https://betws-y-coed-communitycouncil.org/amenities/memorial-hall/ |website=Betws-y-Coed Community Council |date=14 November 2023 |access-date=18 January 2024}}

The community, including the village itself and its immediate neighbourhood, has a population of 564.{{NOMIS2011|id=W04000106|title=Betws-y-Coed Parish|access-date=4 Jan 2021}} An electoral ward of the name Betws-y-Coed also exists. This ward includes a large additional area including two neighbouring communities Capel Curig and Dolwyddelan and has a total population of 1,244.{{NOMIS2011|id=W05000113|title=Betws-y-Coed Ward|access-date=4 Jan 2021}} The ward elects a county councillor to Conwy County Borough Council.

Betws-y-Coed was an ancient parish in the historic county of Caernarfonshire.{{cite web |title=Betws y Coed Ancient Parish / Civil Parish |url=https://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10194477 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=18 January 2024}} When elected parish and district councils were created in 1894 it was given a parish council and included in the Bettws-y-Coed Rural District, which covered the Caernarfonshire parishes from the Llanrwst poor law union.Local Government Act 1894 The parish was converted into an urban district in 1898.{{cite book |title=Annual Report of the Local Government Board |date=1899 |page=316 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dp0aAQAAIAAJ |access-date=18 January 2024}}

The official spelling was "Bettws-y-Coed" until 1950, when the urban district council changed it to "Betws-y-Coed", to respect modern Welsh orthography.{{cite news |title=One "t" in "Betws" now: Urban Council's decision |url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/search-newspapers |access-date=21 November 2024 |work=North Wales Weekly News |date=5 October 1950 |page=4}} The General Post Office adopted the same spelling as the council three years later in 1953.{{cite news |title='Betws' now - Post Office official |url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/search-newspapers |access-date=18 January 2024 |work=North Wales Weekly News |location=Conwy |date=13 August 1953 |page=6}}

Betws-y-Coed Urban District was abolished in 1974, with the area instead becoming a community. District-level functions passed to Aberconwy Borough Council, which in turn was replaced in 1996 by Conwy County Borough Council.Local Government Act 1972Local Government (Wales) Act 1994

File:View of Betws-y-Coed railway station.jpg

Betws-y-Coed railway station is a stop on the Conwy Valley line, with passenger services running approximately every three hours each way between Blaenau Ffestiniog and Llandudno. Services are operated by Transport for Wales.{{Cite web |title=Timetables |work=Transport for Wales |date=May 2023 |access-date=22 August 2023 |url= https://tfw.wales/service-status/timetables |quote=}}

The station buildings were constructed from local materials by local builder Owen Gethin Jones.{{cite DWB|last=Jenkins|first=Robert Thomas|title=Jones , Owen Gethin|id=s-JONE-GET-1816|access-date=19 January 2015}} The station had double platforms and an extensive goods yard. In LMS timetables, the station was listed as Betws-y-Coed for Capel Curig.

The Conwy Valley Railway Museum, with its extensive miniature railway, now occupies the former goods yard.

File:Douglas beside the water tower - geograph.org.uk - 2010657.jpg

Local bus services are operated predominately by Llew Jones Coaches and Gwynfor Coaches. Routes connect the town with Llandudno, Llanberis, Llanrwst and Caernarfon.{{Cite web |title=Stops in Betws-y-Coed |work=Bus Times |date=2023 |access-date=22 August 2023 |url= https://bustimes.org/localities/betws-y-coed |quote=}}

Since the opening of the A5 in the early 19th century, the village has been a primary destination for road signage in Snowdonia.

The village is a centre for outdoor activities and lies within the Gwydyr Forest.

The current Betws-y-Coed Golf Club was founded in the 1970s. There was an earlier club and course located on or near the Recreation Ground.{{cite web|url=http://www.golfsmissinglinks.co.uk/index.php/wales-64/297-bettws-y-coed-gwynedd|title=Betws-y-Coed, Conwy.|author=John Dean|publisher=Golfsmissinglinks.co.uk|access-date=13 December 2014}}

The Llyn Elsi reservoir nearby is used by walkers and anglers, and provides water for the village. Footpaths provide access to the lake, both from Betws-y-Coed itself and the outlying village of Pentre Du.

Conwy Valley Railway Museum, with its miniature railway, lies next to the railway station.

Melys, an independent rock band, was founded in Betws-y-Coed in 1997. The group, who sing in both English and Welsh, have recorded eleven sessions for John Peel on BBC Radio 1 and came first in his Festive Fifty in 2001. They won Best Welsh-language Act at the Welsh Music Awards in 2002.{{cite web|url=https://melysmusic.com/about/|title=Melys - About|access-date=22 June 2021}}

{{Reflist}}

;Bibliography

• The A-Z of Betws-y-coed, by Donald Shaw. Gwasg Carreg Gwalch, 1990. {{ISBN|0-86381-153-1}}
• {{Citation | last1 = Brandwood| first1 = Geoff| last2 = Austin| first2 = Tim| last3 = Hughes| first3 = John| last4 = Price| first4 = James| year = 2012| title = The Architecture of Sharpe, Paley and Austin| location = Swindon| publisher = English Heritage| isbn = 978-1-84802-049-8}}

{{Commons category|Betws-y-Coed}}

{{Wikivoyage|Betws y Coed}}

• {{cite EB1911|wstitle=Bettws y Coed|volume=3}}
• {{Official website|http://www.betws-y-coed-communitycouncil.org|Betws-y-Coed Community Council official website}}

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{{Conwy Valley}}

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