:Bugia (candlestick)
{{Short description|Catholic liturgical implement}}
File:Pius XII blessing bugia collegio capricana 1 21 1957 1.jpg
{{About|the Roman Catholic liturgical candlestick|the port city in Algeria|Béjaïa|the province in Algeria|Béjaïa Province|the 1656 work of Italian poetry|Massimiliano Palombara}}
A bugia (Latin: scotula, palmatorium,{{Citation |last=Louth |first=Andrew |editor-first1=Andrew |editor-last1=Louth |title=bugia |date=2022-02-17 |work=The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780199642465.001.0001/acref-9780199642465-e-1089 |access-date=2025-01-03 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780199642465.001.0001 |isbn=978-0-19-964246-5|hdl=10023/29283 |hdl-access=free }} French: bougeoir{{Cite book |last=Fortescue |first=Adrian |url=https://archive.org/details/fortescue_ceremonies_roman_described/page/n43/mode/1up?q=scotula |title=Ceremonies of the Roman Rite Described |date=2016 |orig-date=First published 1920 |publisher=Goretti Publications}}) or hand-candlestick is a liturgical candlestick held beside a Latin Catholic bishop or other prelate.
Description
File:Bishop Watterson Bugia 2 Museum of Catholic Art and History.jpg of the Diocese of Columbus displayed at the Museum of Catholic Art and History]]
The bugia is a low, portable candlestick with a long handle, held next to clergy to illuminate books being sung or read from. According to the 1886 Caeremoniale Episcoporum, it was to be made of gold or gilt silver for cardinals and patriarchs and silver for all other prelates, but this distinction was seldom followed.{{Cite book |last=Nainfa |first=John Abel |url=https://archive.org/details/CostumeOfPrelates/page/n171/mode/1up?q=%22hand-candlestick%22 |title=Costume of prelates of the Catholic church: according to Roman etiquette |date=1909 |publisher=The John Murphy Company}} The candle used in the bugia was made of beeswax.{{Cite book |last=McCloud |first=Henry J. |url=https://archive.org/details/clerical-dress-and-insignia-of-mc-cloud-henry-j.-1904-3869 |title=Clerical Dress and Insignia of the Roman Catholic Church |publisher=The Bruce Publishing Company |year=1945 |location=Milwaukee |pages=148}}
Usage
The bugia is held near and to the right of the book by one of the attendants of the prelate whenever he reads or sings a text from the evangeliary or missal.{{Cite news |date=10 September 1948 |title=When a Bishop Says Mass |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/lake-shore-visitor-when-a-bishop-says-ma/162252479/ |work=Lake Shore Visitor |pages=1}} In the case of the Roman Pontiff, this role is filled by an assistant to the papal throne, but he holds an ordinary wax candle, not a bugia.{{Cite web |title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Roman Curia |url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13147a.htm |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=www.newadvent.org}} For any other prelate, this was performed by an acolyte or other cleric.{{Cite web |title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pontifical Mass |url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12232a.htm |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=www.newadvent.org}} It was generally classified among the pontificalia of a bishop, along with the mitre, crozier, episcopal gloves, and other items.
Until 1905, only bishops and prelates with pontifical privileges could use the bugia at Mass. The motu proprio Inter multiplices issued by Pius X allowed all prelates, even titular protonotaries apostolic, vicars general, and diocesan administrators to use the bugia throughout liturgies. Its use on Good Friday, however, remained forbidden regardless of clerical rank.{{Cite journal |date=1933 |title=Bugia at Mass of Domestic Prelate |journal=American Ecclesiastical Review |volume=88 |issue=3 |pages=317 |via=EBSCO}} Also prohibited was its use by the ordinary when he celebrated Mass at the faldstool in the presence of a cardinal. Priests who needed an additional light near the missal on account of darkness were allowed to use a candle, so long as it did not have the form of the bugia.{{Cite web |title=Altar (in Liturgy) |url=https://www.catholic.com/encyclopedia/altar-in-liturgy |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=Catholic Answers}} In 1968 its use was restricted to situations where practicality made its use necessary.
Etymology
The word "bugia" ({{translation|candle}}), originates from the Latin name of the city of Béjaïa, Algeria, a source of candle wax.{{Cite book |last=Hardon |first=John A. |url=https://archive.org/details/na00john/page/74/mode/2up |title=Modern Catholic dictionary |date=1980 |publisher=Doubleday |isbn=978-0-385-12162-0 |edition=1st |location=Garden City, N.Y}}
See also
References
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External links
{{commons category|Bugia (candlestick)}}
{{Mass of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church}}