:Bukan
{{Short description|City in West Azerbaijan province, Iran}}
{{for-multi|the administrative division of West Azerbaijan province|Bukan County|other places with the same name|Bukan (disambiguation){{!}}Bukan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bukan
| official_name = {{langx|fa|بوکان}}
| native_name = {{langx|ku|بۆکان}}
| native_name_lang = fa
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Bukan_summer_2012.jpg
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| pushpin_map = Iran
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| coordinates = {{Coord|36|30|54|N|46|12|27|E|dim:5km|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = {{Cite map |author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=36.515&mlon=46.2075&zoom=13#map=13/36.51500/46.20750|website=OpenStreetMap |title=Bukan, Bukan County|date=24 September 2024|access-date=24 September 2024|lang=fa}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Iran
| subdivision_type1 = Province
| subdivision_name1 = West Azerbaijan
| subdivision_type2 = County
| subdivision_name2 = Bukan
| subdivision_type3 = District
| subdivision_name3 = Central
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| unit_pref = Metric
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| elevation_m = 1365
| population_as_of = 2016
| population_total = 193501
| population_density_km2 = auto
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| timezone = IRST
| utc_offset = +3:30
| postal_code =
| area_code = (+98) 44-462
| website = {{URL|https://www.boukan.ir}}
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Bukan ({{langx|fa|بوکان}}){{efn|Also romanized as Bukân; also known as Bokan ({{langx|ku|بۆکان}}){{GEOnet3|-3057083}}}} is a city in the Central District of Bukan County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran, serving as the capital of both the county and the district.{{cite report|title=Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of West Azerbaijan province, centered in the city of Urmia|language=fa|website=lamtakam.com|via=Lam ta Kam|url=https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/113037|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220192713/https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/113037|publisher=Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council|last=Habibi|first=Hassan|orig-date=Approved 21 June 1369|date=c. 2023|id=Notification 82808/T137|archive-date=20 December 2023|access-date=20 December 2023}}
During the Qajar dynasty, due to the attention and residence of Aziz Khan Mokri and his family, Bukan became important.{{Cite web|date=Jan 17, 2023|title=Bukan, Great Islamic Encyclopaedia|url=https://www.cgie.org.ir/fa/article/229083/%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86}} The history of this city is related to four government figures known as Sardar Aziz Khan family. Bukan was the center of governance and their residence. After the 1978 revolution, it flourished in social, cultural, sports, economic and political indicators. This city is one of the most important and effective cities in Iran.{{Cite web|date=Jan 17, 2023|title=Bukan, Hanakhabar|url=https://www.hanakhabar.ir/news.php?id=25AB2626&news=%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%20%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%20%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%9B%20%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%8C%20%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%8C%20%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7}}
Etymology
The origins of the name Bukan is controversial. While some believe it derives from the Kurdish word
History
=Pre–Islamic era=
There have been several artefacts discovered in Bukan dating back to between 4100 BC and 4400 BC. These artefacts confirm that Bukan was home to one of the first human settlements on the Iranian Plateau.{{Cite web |date=September 16, 2015 |title=بوكان |url=https://www.irancities.ir/showcity.aspx?code=65&code2=11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916061058/http://www.irancities.ir/showcity.aspx?code=65&code2=11 |archive-date=2015-09-16}}
=Islamic era=
The city was part of the Mukriyan principality from the late 14th century to the 19th century. As the principality declined, aristocratic (agha) Dehbokri Kurds, who controlled many surrounding villages, took control over the city. The Dehbokri were staunchly against the Mukriyan principality. Despite its small size, Bukan played a major role in the region culturally and politically. In the mid-1940s, the city was incorporated into the short-lived Republic of Mahabad and acquired a printing press and Kurdish books and magazines were published. Later, the town experienced a peasant revolt wherein the peasants succeeded in forcing the aristocrats out. The revolt was ultimately put down ruthlessly by the army.
Up until the 1950s, Bukan was considered a large village but has seen a rapid growth since then. Its population increased from 5,307 in 1956, to 20,579 in 1976 and 149,340 in 2006.{{IranCensus2006|04}}
The people of Bukan took part in the Iranian Revolution in 1979 and in the subsequent Kurdish movement for autonomy. It fell under the control of Kurdish opposition groups, but was recaptured by the Iranian Army on 1 January 1984. According to the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, Bukan was the last Kurdish city in Iran to be captured.{{Cite web|date=September 16, 2015|title=Fars News Agency : بازسازی تمام عملیاتهای دفاع مقدس/ نقش خراسانیها در آزادسازی بوکان|url=http://www.farsnews.com/printable.php?nn=13910701001266|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916062004/http://www.farsnews.com/printable.php?nn=13910701001266|archive-date=2015-09-16}} On 15 April 1988, Bukan was bombarded by the Iraqi Air Force, in which 19 people died and 160 were wounded.{{Cite web|date=April 10, 2016|title=برگزاری جلسه هماهنگی به منظور یادواره شهدای بمباران شهدای بوکان|url=http://ziryan.ir/NewsDetail.aspx?itemid=13653|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410021425/http://ziryan.ir/NewsDetail.aspx?itemid=13653|archive-date=2016-04-10}}
Demographics
=Language and ethnicity=
The whole county is populated by Shafi'i Kurds who speak Sorani Kurdish.{{Cite journal|last=Hassanpour|first=Amir|date=1989|title=BŪKĀN|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-iranica-online/bukan-COM_7182?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-iranica-online&s.q=kurd|journal=Encyclopedia Iranica|doi=10.1163/2330-4804_EIRO_COM_7182|doi-access=free}}
=Population=
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 149,340 people in 32,588 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): West Azerbaijan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/04.xls|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920094953/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/04.xls|format=Excel|archive-date=20 September 2011}} The following census in 2011 counted 170,600 people in 43,269 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): West Azerbaijan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=irandataportal.syr.edu|via=Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/West-Azerbaijan.xls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120205939/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/West-Azerbaijan.xls|archive-date=20 January 2023|access-date=19 December 2022|format=Excel}} The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 193,501 people in 56,944 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): West Azerbaijan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_04.xlsx|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830042935/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_04.xlsx|format=Excel|archive-date=30 August 2022}}
Geography
{{expand section|date=January 2023}}
=Location=
The city is situated east of the Siminarud river.
=Mountains=
- Nalishkêne mountain, in the Zagros Mountains range.
Historical sites
= Sardar Castle =
In 1247 Persian Date, Sardar Aziz Khan Mokri from the Sardasht region built a castle near the great reservoir of Bukan that is presently named after its founder as Sardaar Aziz Khaan Castle. The castle was built on top of a hill 50 by 60 meters in diameter and 13 meters tall, and its main building material is 20 by 20 cm bricks with clay mortar and timbers. The castle measures 25 by 30 meters and has 6 daises which rest upon 9-storey columns 2 meters tall and 1 meter in diameter.
During 1325-1351 (A.H) the castle was turned into a police headquarters, post office, and a school respectively and finally was destroyed completely in 1361 A.H and replaced by a newly built structure that used as Basidj (Mobilization) Station.
Sports
Football is the most popular sport in the city. Since 2000, Bukan has been host to the professional club Sardar Bukan F.C. which plays in the Iranian League 2 (third tier). In 2017, Sardar Bukan gained a nationwide reputation for its support from the people of Bukan.{{Cite web|url=http://kanipress.ir/index.aspx?siteid=12&fkeyid=&siteid=12&pageid=504&newsview=228471|title=پایگاه خبری تحلیلی کانی پرس - اخبار > وضعیت مالی تیم سردار بوکان نامعلوم است|date=September 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915090543/http://kanipress.ir/index.aspx?siteid=12&fkeyid=&siteid=12&pageid=504&newsview=228471|archive-date=2015-09-15}}
Notable people
See also
{{Commons category-inline|Bukan}}
{{Portal-inline|Iran}}
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Notes
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References
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External links
- {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/19980110070242/https://iranica.com/ Bukan]}} entry in the Encyclopædia Iranica
- [https://antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/hassanzadeh/index.html Mannaean glazed bricks from Bukan]
{{Authority control}}
{{West Azerbaijan Province|state=collapsed}}
{{Bukan County|state=collapsed}}
Category:Cities in West Azerbaijan province