:Bzyb dialect
{{Short description|Northwestern dialect of Abkhaz}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Bzyb
| nativename = {{lang|ab|бзыԥ, бзыԥтәи/бзыԥ ацәажәашьа}}
| region = Bzyb River
| speakers = 30,000
| familycolor = Caucasian
| fam1 = Northwest Caucasian
| fam2 = Abazgi
| fam3 = Abkhaz
| isoexception = dialect
| glotto = bzyb1238
| glottorefname = Bzyb
| notice = IPA
| date = 1964
}}
Bzyb (also spelled Bzyp) is a major dialect of Abkhaz, native to the Bzyb River region of Caucasus.{{cite encyclopedia |editor-first=Dale H. |editor-last=Hoiberg |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Abkhaz |edition=15th |year=2010 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. |volume=I: A-ak Bayes |location=Chicago, Illinois |isbn=978-1-59339-837-8 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/33 33] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/33 }} It was once the literary variety of Abkhaz, but students are now taught in the Abzhuy dialect.{{Cite book |last=Бгажба |first=Хухут Соломонович |url=http://apsnyteka.org/1478-bgazhba_kh_bzybsky_dialekt_abkhazskogo_jazyka_1964.html |title=Бзыбский диалект абхазского языка: Исследования и тексты |date=1964 |publisher=Издательство Академии Наук Грузинской ССР |location=Тбилиси |language=ru |trans-title=Bzyb dialect of the Abkhaz language}}
Phonology
It differs from standard Abkhaz mainly in terms of phonology. It has 69 consonant phonemes.{{Cite journal |last=Chirikba |first=Viacheslav |title=The Bzyp dialect of Abkhaz (A Short sketch). Бзыпский диалект абхазского языка (Краткий очерк) // ВЕСТНИК АКАДЕМИИ НАУК АБХАЗИИ. № 12. Серия «Гуманитарные науки». Сухум: Academia, 2022, с. 19-25. |url=https://www.academia.edu/90307331 |journal=АԤСНЫ АҬҴААРАДЫРРАҚӘА РАКАДЕМИА АДЫРРАҬАРА}} It shares the {{IPA|[ɕʷ]}} and {{IPA|[ʑʷ]}} sounds with the Sadz dialect, and the {{IPA|[t͡ɕ]}}, {{IPA|[d͡ʑ]}}, {{IPA|[t͡ɕʼ]}}, {{IPA|[ɕ]}}, {{IPA|[ʑ]}}, {{IPA|[χˤ]}}, and {{IPA|[χˤʷ]}} sounds are unique to Bzyb. Standard Abkhaz (which is based on the Abzhywa dialect) lacks these sounds.
The phoneme {{IPAblink|ɥ}} {{Angbr|Ҩ ҩ}} was originally a labialized pharyngeal fricative {{IPAblink|ʕʷ}}.
The Bzyb consonant inventory appears to have been the fundamental inventory of Proto-Abkhaz, with the inventories of Abzhywa and Sadz being reduced from this total, rather than the Bzyb series being innovative.
Orthography
Bzyb was first written in 1862, when Peter von Uslar introduced a Cyrillic-based orthography for it, partially inspired by Anders Johan Sjögren's 1844 Ossetian alphabet.{{cite book|author=Х. С. Бгажба |date=1967 |location=Тбилиси |pages=72 |publisher=«Мецниереба» |title=Из истории письменности в Абхазии |url=http://apsnyteka.org/318-bgajba_h_iz_istorii_abkhazskoi_pismennosti.html |edition=1000}} The alphabet is as follows:
| style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.4em; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |а | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |б | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ҩ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |г | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ӷ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |д | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ꚁ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |е |
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ж
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ђ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ꚅ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ꚅ̆ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |з | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ӡ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ꚃ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |һ |
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ꚕ
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |і | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ј | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |к | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |қ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |л | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |м | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |н |
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |о
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |п | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ԥ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ԛ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |р | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |с | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |т | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ҭ |
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ꚍ
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ꚍ̆ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |у | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ф | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |х | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ц | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |File:Cyrillic_small_letter_Tse_with_long_left_leg.svg | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ꚏ |
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ꚏ̆
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |16x16px | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |16x16px | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ч | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |14x14px | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ҽ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ҽ̆ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ш |
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ш̆
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ꚗ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ꚗ̆ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ѵ | | | | |
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Northwest Caucasian languages}}
{{NorthwestCaucasian-lang-stub}}