:C/2019 E3 (ATLAS)

{{short description|Hyperbolic comet}}

{{For|other comets discovered by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System|Comet ATLAS}}

{{Infobox comet

| name = C/2019 E3 (ATLAS)

| discovery_ref = {{r|CBET_4615|MPEC_2019-F54}}

| discoverer = D. Young

| discovery_site = ATLASMLO (T08)

| discovery_date = 5 March 2019

| designations = CK19E030
A10ckQ4{{r|baa-2019}}

| orbit_ref = {{r|jpl}}

| epoch = 17 May 2022 (JD 2459716.5)

| observation_arc = 4,667 days (12.78 years)

| earliest_precovery_date = 19 March 2012

| obs = 980

| perihelion = 10.314 AU

| aphelion =

| semimajor = {{small|Barycentric:}}
~32,600 AU

| period =

| eccentricity = 1.00154

| inclination = 84.298°

| asc_node = 347.25°

| arg_peri = 280.66°

| mean = –0.001°

| tjup = 0.417

| Earth_moid = 10.07 AU

| Jupiter_moid = 8.331 AU

| physical_ref = {{r|jpl|Hui_2024}}

| mean_diameter = ~{{cvt|3.0|km|mi}}

| M1 = 6.4

| M2 = 7.8

| magnitude =

| last_p = 14 November 2023

| next_p =

}}

Comet ATLAS, formally designated as C/2019 E3, is an Oort cloud comet with a very distant perihelion of {{convert|10.30|AU|e9km|abbr=unit}}, the third known comet with a perihelion distance beyond 10 AU after 167P/CINEOS and C/2003 A2 (Gleason).{{r|jpl|Fernandez_2019}}

Precovery observations of this comet all the way to 2016 (and later 2012){{r|jpl}} have revealed that the comet had produced some cometary activity more than {{convert|20|AU|e9km|abbr=unit}} from the Sun, making it the fourth known distant comet to produce such activity at large distances after C/2010 U3 (Boattini), C/2014 UN271 (Bernardinelli–Bernstein), and C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS).{{r|Hui_2024}}

References

{{Reflist|refs=

{{cite web

| author1= J. Shanklin

| title= BAA Comet Section: Comets in 2019

| url= https://people.ast.cam.ac.uk/~jds/coms19.htm#19E3

| publisher= University of Cambridge

| date= 2 March 2024

| access-date= 1 February 2025 }}

{{cite journal

| author1= D. W. Green

| title= Comet C/2019 E3 (ATLAS)

| url= http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iau/cbet/004600/CBET004615.txt

| journal= Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams

| volume= 4615

| date= 21 March 2019 }}

{{cite web

| author1= Y. Fernandez

| title= List of Jupiter-Family and Halley-Family Comets

| url= https://www.physics.ucf.edu/~yfernandez/cometlist.html#hp

| access-date= 1 June 2019 }}

{{cite journal

| author1= M. T. Hui

| author2= R. Weryk

| author3= M. Micheli

| author4= Z. Huang

| author5= R. Wainscoat

| title= Serendipitous Archival Observations of a New Ultradistant Comet C/2019 E3 (ATLAS)

| url= https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/ad2500/pdf

| journal= Astronomical Journal

| year= 2024

| volume= 167

| issue= 3

| bibcode= 2024AJ....167..140H

| doi= 10.3847/1538-3881/ad2500

| doi-access= free | arxiv= 2401.04414

}}

{{cite web

| title= C/2019 E3 (ATLAS) – JPL Small-Body Database Lookup

| url= https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=2019E3

| website= ssd.jpl.nasa.gov

| publisher= Jet Propulsion Laboratory

| access-date= 1 February 2025 }}

{{cite web

| author1= G. V. Williams

| title= MPEC 2019-F54: Comet C/2019 E3 (ATLAS)

| url= https://minorplanetcenter.net//mpec/K19/K19F54.html

| website= www.minorplanetcenter.net

| publisher= Minor Planet Center

| date= 21 March 2019

| access-date= 31 May 2019 }}

}}