:Charb

Stéphane Charbonnier was born in Conflans-Sainte-Honorine on 21 August 1967{{cite news|author=Anne Penketh|title=Stéphane Charbonnier: Cartoonist and editor of Charlie Hebdo|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/stephane-charbonnier-editor-of-charlie-hebdo-who-encapsulated-the-magazines-confrontational-and-courageous-brand-of-satire-9966358.html|access-date=28 April 2015|work=The Independent|date=9 January 2015}} and raised in Pontoise, the son of Michel Jean-Marie Charbonnier. His mother, Denise Renée-Marie Charbonnier, née Ouvrard, worked as a secretary and his father worked as a technician for Postes, télégraphes et téléphones.Luc Le Vaillant (20 May 2009) [http://ecrans.liberation.fr/ecrans/2009/05/20/charlie-en-jeune_558987 Charb. Charlie en jeune] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814200622/http://ecrans.liberation.fr/ecrans/2009/05/20/charlie-en-jeune_558987 |date=14 August 2015 }} Libération His grandparents, Jean and Lucette Marie-Andrée (née Brunet) owned a grocery store in Pontoise. Stéphane's talent for drawing was discovered in school and he published his first drawings in Echo des collégiens at the age of fourteen. He continued to draw while studying at Lycée Camille Pissarro.

File:Charb1.jpg (29 April 2009)]]

File:Mrap discriminations.png anti-racism campaign poster (translation: "I would hire you, but I don't like the color of ... uh ... your tie!")]]

In the late 1980s he started working as a cartoonist. His work included creating cartoons for the newspaper Les Nouvelles du Val-d'Oise and a magazine for the {{Interlanguage link multi|Utopia (cinéma)|fr}} in Saint-Ouen-l'Aumône.Pauline Conradsson and Marie Persidat (7 January 2015) [http://www.leparisien.fr/val-d-oise-95/pontoise-pleure-charb-07-01-2015-4426971.php Attentat à Charlie Hebdo : Pontoise pleure Charb] {{in lang|fr}} Le Parisien.

Later freelance work by Charb included cartoons for L'Écho des savanes, Télérama, and L'Humanité.Olivier Delcroix

(7 January 2015) [http://www.lefigaro.fr/culture/2015/01/07/03004-20150107ARTFIG00385-charb-insolent-volontaire.php Charb, insolent volontaire] {{in lang|fr}} Le Figaro. He joined Charlie Hebdo in 1992 and was its director of publication from 2009 until his death on 7 January 2015.{{cite news|title=Who were the victims of the Paris terror attack?|url=http://www.thelocal.fr/20150107/paris-terror-attack-charlie-hebdo-victims|access-date=8 January 2015|work=The Local|date=7 January 2015}}

Charb's comic strip, Maurice et Patapon featured Maurice, a dog described by the newspaper Libération as leftist, pacifist, outgoing, and omnisexual, and a cat, Patapon, who is conservative, violent, asexual, and perverse. Libération described the series as philosophical and scatological. Charb also drew the character "Marcel Keuf, le flic" ("Marcel Pig, the cop") in Fluide Glacial.Fabien Deglise (8 January 2015) [https://www.ledevoir.com/culture/livres/428328/charb-1967-2015-mort-au-combat Mort au combat] {{in lang|fr}} Le Devoir Charb's column in Charlie Hebdo was titled "Charb n'aime pas les gens" ("Charb does not like people"). One of his regular pieces was the monthly La fatwa de l'Ayatollah Charb (The Fatwa of the Ayatollah Charb) in Fluide Glacial.{{cite web|title=Stéphane Charbonnier obituary|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jan/13/stephane-charbonnier|work=The Guardian|date=13 January 2015|access-date=13 January 2015}}

In 2007 and 2008, he was a set cartoonist on the talk show T'empêches tout le monde de dormir on television channel M6.[http://www.planet.fr/societe-mort-de-cabu-charb-tignous-et-wolinski-qui-etaient-ces-dessinateurs.760242.29336.html Mort de Cabu, Charb, Tignous et Wolinski : qui étaient ces dessinateurs ?] {{in lang|fr}} Planet.fr. 7 January 2015 He was a long-time supporter of the French Communist Party.S. Z., « Le soutien des intellectuels divise la gauche de la gauche », Le Monde, 4 June 2009, p. 11.

He also drew cartoons for anti-racism organizations such as MRAP.Nabil Wakim [https://medium.com/@NabilWakim/the-charlie-hebdo-shootings-explained-to-my-american-friends-81f34f3c9c3e Seven Questions My American Friends Ask About the Charlie Hebdo shootings] Medium.com. Retrieved 25 January 2015

On 2 November 2011, Charlie Hebdo was firebombed just before its 3 November issue was due to be published; the issue was entitled Charia Hebdo and satirically featured the Islamic prophet Muhammad as guest-editor.{{cite web|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/charlie-hebdo-editor-in-chief-on-muhammad-cartoons-a-856891.html|title='Charlie Hebdo' Editor in Chief: 'A Drawing Has Never Killed Anyone'|work=Spiegel Online|author=Stefan Simons|date=20 September 2012}}Anaëlle Grondin (7 January 2015) [http://www.20minutes.fr/medias/1511895-20150107-charlie-hebdo-charb-directeur-publication-journal-satirique-assassine «Charlie Hebdo»: Charb, le directeur de la publication du journal satirique, a été assassiné] {{in lang|fr}} 20 Minutes; accessed 7 January 2015. Charb and two of his co-workers at Charlie Hebdo subsequently received police protection.[http://www.liberation.fr/medias/2011/11/03/trois-charlie-sous-protection-policiere_772318 Trois «Charlie» sous protection policière] {{in lang|fr}} Libération, 3 November 2011.

In September 2012, a man was arrested in La Rochelle, allegedly for having called for the beheading of Charb on a Jihadist website.[http://www.20minutes.fr/societe/1008383-20120922-homme-appele-decapiter-directeur-charlie-hebdo-interpelle Un homme ayant appelé à décapiter le directeur de «Charlie Hebdo» interpellé] {{in lang|fr}} 20 Minutes. 22 September 2014.

In a 2012 interview Charb was quoted as saying, "I am not afraid of reprisals, I have no children, no wife, no car, no debt. It might sound a bit pompous, but I'd prefer to die on my feet than to live on my knees."{{cite web|url=http://www.lepoint.fr/societe/charlie-hebdo-charb-cabu-wolinsky-et-tignous-morts-dans-la-fusillade-07-01-2015-1894661_23.php|title="Charlie Hebdo": Charb, Cabu, Tignous et Wolinski morts dans la fusillade|publisher=lepoint.fr|date=7 January 2015|quote="Je n'ai pas peur des représailles. Je n'ai pas de gosses, pas de femme, pas de voiture, pas de crédit. Ça fait sûrement un peu pompeux, mais je préfère mourir debout que vivre à genoux."}}

In 2013 he illustrated the book "The Life of Muhammad", depicting the Muslim Prophet Muhammad.{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2013/1/2/french-weekly-prints-prophet-muhammad-drawing|title=French weekly prints Prophet Muhammad drawing|work=Al Jazeera|date=2 January 2013}}

Al-Qaeda put Charb on their "most-wanted list" in 2013, after he edited an edition of Charlie Hebdo that satirised radical muslims.{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-15550350 |title=French satirical paper Charlie Hebdo attacked in Paris |date=2 November 2011 |work=BBC News}} Also on that list was Lars Vilks, as well as three Jyllands-Posten staff members: Kurt Westergaard (whose cartoons Charlie Hebdo had published), Carsten Juste, and Flemming Rose.{{cite magazine |url=https://time.com/3657246/paris-charlie-hebdo-shooting/ |title=Paris Police Say 12 Dead After Shooting at Charlie Hebdo |quote=Witnesses said that the gunmen had called out the names of individual from the magazine. French media report that Charb, the Charlie Hebdo cartoonist who was on al Qaeda most wanted list in 2013, was seriously injured. |author=Conal Urquhart |magazine=Time |access-date=7 January 2015}}{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11330505/Murdered-Charlie-Hebdo-cartoonist-was-on-al-Qaeda-wanted-list.html|title=Murdered Charlie Hebdo cartoonist was on al Qaeda wanted list |author=Victoria Ward |work=The Telegraph |access-date=8 January 2015 |date=7 January 2015}}{{cite web|url=http://www.thewire.com/global/2013/03/al-qaeda-most-wanted-list/62673/|title=Look Who's on Al Qaeda's Most-Wanted List|author=Dashiell Bennet|date=1 March 2013|work=The Wire|access-date=8 January 2015|archive-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117025952/http://www.thewire.com/global/2013/03/al-qaeda-most-wanted-list/62673/|url-status=dead}} Being a sport shooter, Charb applied for permit to be able to carry a firearm for self-defence. The application was, however, not approved.{{cite news |url=http://www.telerama.fr/medias/antonio-fischetti-bien-sur-on-s-engueulait-a-charlie,121621.php#links-right |title=Antonio Fischetti : "Bien sûr, on s'engueulait, à 'Charlie'" |first=Nicolas |last=Delesalle |access-date=2 September 2015 |work=Telerama.fr |date=16 January 2015 |language=French}}

On the week of the Charlie Hebdo shooting, a Charb illustration in issue for that week observed that there had not been any terrorist attacks in France, with a caricatured armed jihadist fighter turning a customary French phrase to malicious use: "Wait! ... we still have until the end of January to present our wishes" — a reference to the French tradition of offering New Year's greetings until the end of January.{{cite news |url=http://www.lalibre.be/actu/international/charlie-hebdo-l-incroyable-premonition-du-dessinateur-charb-54ad24183570d587e328c30e |title=Charlie Hebdo: l'incroyable prémonition du dessinateur Charb|trans-title=Charlie Hebdo: illustrator Charb's incredible premonition|work=La Libre |location=France|date=2 January 2015|language=French|access-date=2 January 2015}}

Charbonnier was an atheist and pacifist.{{cite news|title=Obituary Charb |url=https://www.economist.com/news/obituary/21639443-st-phane-charbonnier-charb-cartoonist-and-editor-charlie-hebdo-was-murdered-january|newspaper=The Economist|date=15 January 2015|access-date=17 January 2015}}{{cite news|title=REFILE-No rules, no regrets for French cartoonists in Mohammad storm|date=19 September 2012|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/film-protests-charlie-idUSL5E8KJE6320120919|work=Reuters|access-date=20 January 2015|archive-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117033121/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/19/film-protests-charlie-idUSL5E8KJE6320120919|url-status=live}}

Two days prior to his death, Charb had completed an essay on Islamophobia.{{cite news |title=From beyond grave, how Charlie Hebdo editor's last manifesto preaches against hate |author=Cavna, Michael |newspaper=Washington Post |date=16 December 2015 |access-date=7 January 2016 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/comic-riffs/wp/2015/12/16/from-beyond-grave-charlie-hebdo-editors-last-manifesto-preaches-against-hate/}} One year after the massacre, it was translated to and published in English, with a foreword by Adam Gopnik, under the title Open Letter: On Blasphemy, Islamophobia, and the True Enemies of Free Expression.

{{see also|Charlie Hebdo shooting}}

Charb was killed, with seven of his colleagues, two police officers, and two other people on 7 January 2015 when a pair of gunmen stormed the Charlie Hebdo newspaper offices in Paris.{{cite news |url=http://www.lessentiel.lu/fr/news/france/story/22976860 |title=Les dessinateurs Charb et Cabu seraient morts |language=French |work=L'Essentiel |location=France |publisher=L'Essentiel |date=7 January 2015 |access-date=7 January 2015 |quote=Le directeur de la publication et dessinateur satirique Charb (Stéphane Charbonnier) et Cabu seraient morts selon les informations du Point (via un tweet). Charb avait été annoncé gravement blessé selon plusieurs sources, que relayaient Le Monde et Le Figaro.}}{{cite news|url=http://www.lepoint.fr/societe/en-direct-fusillade-a-charlie-hebdo-selon-i-tele-et-20-minutes-07-01-2015-1894629_23.php |title=EN DIRECT. Massacre chez "Charlie Hebdo": 12 morts, dont Charb et Cabu (LIVE. Massacre in "Charlie Hebdo": 12 dead, including Charb and Cabu) |work=Le Point.fr |date=7 January 2015 |language=French |access-date=10 January 2015}} One of the police officers killed, Franck Brinsolaro, was Charb's bodyguard.[https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=http://www.tendanceouest.com/actualite-89870-attentat-de-charlie-hebdo-un-des-policiers-tues-demeurait-en-normandie.html&prev=search Attentat de Charlie Hebdo, l'un des policiers tués demeurait en Normandie]; 7 January 2015.

His funeral was held in Pontoise and included speeches by Luz, Patrick Pelloux, Jean-Luc Mélenchon, and Pierre Laurent. The government ministers Christiane Taubira, Najat Vallaud-Belkacem, and Fleur Pellerin also attended the funeral.[http://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2015/01/16/dernier-hommage-a-charb-ancien-redacteur-en-chef-de-charlie-hebdo_4557654_3236.html Dernier hommage à Charb, ancien directeur de la publication de « Charlie Hebdo »] {{in lang|fr}} Le Monde/AFP. 16 January 2015

Jeannette Bougrab, a human rights attorney and former Minister for Youth and Community Life, indicated after his death that she had been Charb's life partner.Samuel Auffray, Ariane Kujawski, [http://www.bfmtv.com/societe/en-direct-attentat-contre-charlie-hebdo-jour-de-deuil-national-en-france-856302.html En Direct – Jeannette Bougrab, compagne de Charb: "ils méritent le Panthéon"], BFM TV, 8 January 2015[http://www.sudouest.fr/2015/01/08/charlie-hebdo-jeannette-bougrab-compagne-de-charb-il-a-ete-execute-1790560-6092.php Charlie Hebdo: Jeannette Bougrab, compagne de Charb: "Il a été exécuté"], Sud-Ouest, 8 January 2015.[http://www.francetvinfo.fr/faits-divers/attaque-au-siege-de-charlie-hebdo/charlie-hebdo-charb-merite-le-pantheon-selon-jeannette-bougrab-sa-compagne_791941.html "Charlie Hebdo": Charb "mérite le Panthéon", selon Jeannette Bougrab, sa compagne], francetvinfo.fr, 8 January 2015. His family disputed this and, in a statement issued by his brother on 10 January 2015, denied the existence of any "interpersonal commitment" between Charb and Jeannette Bougrab[http://www.liberation.fr/societe/2015/01/10/la-famille-de-charb-dement-l-engagement-relationnel-du-dessinateur-avec-jeannette-bougrab_1177966 La famille de Charb dément l'"engagement relationnel" du dessinateur avec Jeannette Bougrab], Liberation/AFP while, on the other side, several of his colleagues confirmed the relationship between Charb and Jeanette Bougrab.

• Je suis très tolérant, MC Productions/Charb, 1996
• Maurice et Patapon, Volumes I (2005) II (2006), III (2007), IV (2009), Hoebeke
• Attention ça tache, Casterman, 2004 (with foreword by Philippe Geluck)
• Charb n'aime pas les gens : chroniques politiques, 1996–2002, Agone, 2002
• Collectif, Mozart qu'on assassine, Albin Michel, 2006, with Catherine Meurisse, Riss, Luz, Tignous et Jul
• J'aime pas les fumeurs, Hoëbeke, 2007
• J'aime pas la retraite, 2008 (with Patrick Pelloux)
• C'est la Faute à la société, 12 bis, 2008
• Dico Sarko, éditions 12 bis, 2008
• Le Petit Livre rouge de Sarko, 12 bis, 2009
• Eternuer dans le chou-fleur et autres métaphores sexuelles à travers le monde, text by Antonio Fischetti, Les Échappés, 2009
• Marx, mode d'emploi, La Découverte, 2009 (with Daniel Bensaïd)
• Le Cahier de vacances de Charlie Hebdo, Les Échappés, 2009, with Catherine Meurisse, Riss and :fr:Luz (auteur)
• Les Fatwas de Charb, Les Échappés, 2009
• C'est pas là qu'on fait caca! Maurice et Patapon for children, Les Échappés, 2010
• Les dictons du jour, agenda 2011, Les Échappés, 2010
• Sarko, le kit de survie, 12 bis, 2010
• Marcel Keuf, le flic, Les Échappés, 2011
• La salle des profs, 12 bis, 2012
• La vie de Mahomet, Les Échappés, 2013 (with Zineb)
• Lettre aux escrocs de l'islamophobie qui font le jeu des racistes, éditions Les Échappés, Lettre A, 2015 (postum)
• Illustrations for Petit cours d'autodéfense intellectuelle (Short class in Intellectual Self-Defence) by Normand Baillargeon, and Petit cours d'autodéfense en économie (éditions Lux; Short Class in Economic Self-Defence) by Jim Stanford.
• Open Letter: On Blasphemy, Islamophobia, and the True Enemies of Free Expression (foreword by Adam Gopnik), Little, Brown, & Co., 2016 {{ISBN|9780316311335}}

{{Wikiquote}}

• List of journalists killed in Europe

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{{January 2015 France attacks}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Charbonnier, Stephane}}

Category:1967 births

Category:2015 deaths

Category:People assassinated in the 21st century

Category:Assassinated French journalists

Category:Charlie Hebdo people

Category:French atheists

Category:French caricaturists

Category:French communists

Category:French political artists

Category:French humorists

Category:French satirists

Category:French satirical comics writers

Category:French satirical comics artists

Category:Journalists killed in France

Category:Muhammad cartoonists

Category:People from Conflans-Sainte-Honorine

Category:Terrorism deaths in France

Category:Victims of the Charlie Hebdo shooting

Category:Victims of Islamic terrorism