:Chinese Taipei

{{See also|Two Chinas|Political status of Taiwan|Chinese Civil War|One China}}

{{Further|Names of China#Republic of China}}

In the aftermath of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, the People's Republic of China (PRC) was established and the nationalist Republic of China (ROC) government retreated to Taiwan, previously a Qing territory that was ceded to Japanese rule from 1895 until its surrender at the end of World War II in 1945.{{cite web |url=http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national-news/2010/10/26/277478/Taiwans-retrocession.htm |title=Taiwan's retrocession procedurally clear: Ma |publisher=The China Post |agency=CNA |date=26 Oct 2010 |access-date=2014-05-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924010213/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national-news/2010/10/26/277478/Taiwans-retrocession.htm |archive-date=2015-09-24 }}{{cite news |last=Huang |first=Tai-lin |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2003/10/07/2003070722 |title=Lien's campaign TV ads to stress love for Taiwan |newspaper=Taipei Times |page=3 |date=22 May 2014 |access-date=2014-05-28 |archive-date=14 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014172637/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2003/10/07/2003070722 |url-status=live }} As time went on, the increased official recognition of the PRC in international activities, such as when accorded recognition in 1971 by the United Nations, instead of that accorded previously to the ROC saw existing diplomatic relations transfer from Taipei to Beijing.Eyal Propper. [http://israelcfr.com/documents/issue5_china.pdf "How China Views its National Security"], {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325191248/http://israelcfr.com/documents/issue5_china.pdf |date=25 March 2012}} The Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs, May 2008. The ROC needed to come to a beneficial conclusion to how it would be referred when there was participation by the PRC in the same forum.{{cite journal|last1=Li|first1=Chien-Pin|date=August 2006|title=Taiwan's Participation in Inter-Governmental Organizations: An Overview of Its Initiatives|url=https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1033&context=facpubs|journal=Asian Survey|volume=46|issue=4|pages=597–614|doi=10.1525/as.2006.46.4.597|access-date=12 February 2022|archive-date=9 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409204438/https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1033&context=facpubs|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}

File:Olympische Spelen te Rome Opening Formosa liep onder protest, Bestanddeelnr 911-5406.jpg opening ceremony]]

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) recognized both the PRC and the ROC Olympic Committees in 1954.{{cite journal|last1=Chan|first1=Gerald|date=Autumn 1985|title=The "Two-Chinas" Problem and the Olympic Formula|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2759241|journal=Pacific Affairs|volume=58|issue=3|pages=473–490|doi=10.2307/2759241|jstor=2759241|access-date=4 February 2022|archive-date=4 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204040844/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2759241|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}} In 1958, the PRC withdrew its membership from the IOC and nine other international sports organizations in protest against the two-Chinas policy. After the withdrawal of the PRC, the IOC had been using a number of names in international Olympic activities to differentiate the ROC from the PRC. "Formosa" was used at the 1960 Summer Olympics, and "Taiwan" was used in 1964 and 1968.{{cite web|url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2015/08/30/2003626509|title=An Olympic summer to remember|first=Han|last=Cheung|website=Taipei Times|date=30 August 2015|access-date=6 February 2022|archive-date=5 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205172701/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2015/08/30/2003626509|url-status=live}}{{cite web| url=https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll8/id/23888/rec/35| title=Mexico 68, v.3| website=LA84 Foundation| access-date=6 February 2022| archive-date=9 January 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109144128/https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll8/id/23888/rec/35| url-status=live}} In 1975, the PRC applied to rejoin the IOC as the sole sports organization representing the whole China. The Taiwanese team, competing under the name of Republic of China at the previous Olympics, was refused the right to represent itself as the "Republic of China" or use "China" in its name by the government of the host country, Canada, at the 1976 Summer Olympics.{{cite web|first=Bryan|last=Meler|url=https://ca.sports.yahoo.com/news/1976-montreal-olympics-canada-two-chinas-taiwan-prc-trudeau-controversy-110013286.html|title=Canada's 'black eye' at the 1976 Montreal Olympics: Two major promises amid the two-Chinas dispute|website=Yahoo Sports Canada|date=22 July 2021|access-date=4 February 2022|archive-date=4 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204040848/https://ca.sports.yahoo.com/news/1976-montreal-olympics-canada-two-chinas-taiwan-prc-trudeau-controversy-110013286.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/taiwan-controversy-at-the-1976-montreal-olympics|title=Taiwan controversy at the 1976 Montreal Olympics|website=CBC|date=16 July 1976|access-date=4 February 2022|archive-date=4 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204042349/https://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/taiwan-controversy-at-the-1976-montreal-olympics|url-status=live}} The IOC then voted to change the name of the ROC team to "Taiwan", which was rejected by the ROC, and the ROC announced their withdrawal from the 1976 Summer Olympics a day before the opening ceremony.{{cite web|url=https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=12&post=22929&unitname=Society-Taiwan-Review&postname=Fiasco-at-the-Olympics|title=Fiasco at the Olympics|website=Taiwan Today|date=1 September 1976|access-date=29 June 2022|archive-date=29 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629200114/https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=12&post=22929&unitname=Society-Taiwan-Review&postname=Fiasco-at-the-Olympics|url-status=live}}

The top ROC leadership at the time asserted Chinese nationalism, contending both parts of divided China are Chinese territories and Taiwan did not represent all the regions of the ROC.{{cite journal|last1=Chang|first1=Chi-hsiung|date=June 2010|title="De jure" vs. "De facto" Discourse:Battle over ROC Membership with IOC (1960–1964)|url=https://www.ith.sinica.edu.tw/quarterly_history_look.php?l=e&id=58|journal=Taiwan Historical Research|volume=17|issue=2|pages=85–129|language=zh|access-date=29 June 2022|archive-date=28 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528100250/https://www.ith.sinica.edu.tw/quarterly_history_look.php?l=e&id=58|url-status=live}}{{cite thesis|last=Lin|first=Catherine Kai-Ping|date=2008|title=Nationalism in International Politics: The Republic of China's Sports Foreign Policy-Making and Diplomacy from 1972 to 1981|type=PhD|publisher=Georgetown University|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/304642819|access-date=28 February 2022|id={{ProQuest|304642819}}|archive-date=28 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228164725/https://www.proquest.com/docview/304642819|url-status=live}} What people refer to as Taiwan is one of several areas or islands (Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu in addition to Taiwan) and Taiwan alone did not reflect the "territorial extent" of the ROC. Furthermore, although it is true that most products from the area controlled by the ROC are labeled "made in Taiwan", the trade practices of the ROC are such that the regional area of production is used for labeling. Some wines from Kinmen are labeled "made in Kinmen", just as some perfume are labeled "made in Paris" and not "made in France". Therefore, the ROC government refused to accept the name of Taiwan during the period.

Following the 1976 Montreal Olympics, IOC President Lord Killanin established a commission to examine the issue of "Two Chinas."{{cite web|last=Barker|first=Philip|date=1 May 2020|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1093778/barker-blog-lord-killanin|title=The unluckiest IOC President|website=insidethegames.biz|access-date=15 July 2025}} Killanin aimed to reintegrate the PRC into the Olympic Movement, and the matter was designated as a principal topic of discussion at the 81st IOC Session, held in Montevideo in April 1979. At that session, the IOC officially recognized the Olympic Committee of the PRC while continuing to acknowledge the Olympic Committee based in Taipei.{{cite web|last=Barker|first=Philip|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1055216/the-first-ever-ioc-session-in-south-america-was-an-historic-one-for-many-reasons|title=The first-ever IOC Session in South America was an historic one for many reasons|date=10 September 2017|website=insidethegames.biz|access-date=6 February 2022|archive-date=6 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206045436/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1055216/the-first-ever-ioc-session-in-south-america-was-an-historic-one-for-many-reasons|url-status=live}}{{cite news| last=Ritchie|first=Joe|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1979/04/08/olympic-group-admits-peking/7684979c-24c2-4d2d-8b56-64f535b4ca70/|title=Olympic Group Admits Peking|date=8 April 1979| newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=6 February 2022}} The resolution left problems relating to the names, anthems and flags of both committees unsolved. The PRC showed a willingness to allow Taiwan to be included in the IOC but objected to the resolution, reaffirming sports organizations in Taiwan must not use any of the emblems of the Republic of China. He Zhenliang, a representative of the PRC, stated in Montevideo:

According to the Olympic Charter, only one Chinese Olympic Committee should be recognized. In consideration of the athletes in Taiwan having an opportunity to compete in the Olympic Games, the sports constitution in Taiwan could function as a local organization of China and still remain in the Olympic Movement in the name of the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee. However, its anthem, flag and constitutions should be changed correspondingly.{{cite book|last=Pei|first=Dongguang|year=2006|chapter=A Question of Names: The Solution to the ‘Two Chinas’ Issue in Modern Olympic History: The Final Phase, 1971–1984|chapter-url=https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll10/id/13582/rec/1|title=Cultural Imperialism in Action: Critiques in the Global Olympic Trust: Eighth International Symposium for Olympic Research|publisher=International Centre for Olympic Studies|pages=19–31|access-date=27 February 2022|archive-date=27 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227215121/https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll10/id/13582/rec/1|url-status=live}}

After the 81st Session, the IOC Executive Board designated the Olympic Committee in Beijing as the Chinese Olympic Committee, with the PRC's anthem, flag and emblem.{{cite web|last=Amdur|first=Neil|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/06/30/archives/ioc-paves-way-to-let-china-in-olympics-designation-is-important.html|title=I.O.C. Paves Way to Let China in Olympics|date=30 June 1979|website=The New York Times|access-date=6 February 2022|archive-date=6 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206045347/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/06/30/archives/ioc-paves-way-to-let-china-in-olympics-designation-is-important.html|url-status=live}} The Olympic Committee in Taipei was designated as the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee, with a different anthem, flag and emblem from those the ROC used and which must be approved by the executive board. Lord Killanin submitted the resolution to IOC members for a postal vote following the conclusion of the IOC Executive Board meeting held in October 1979 in Nagoya.{{cite journal|url=https://library.olympics.com/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/168903/olympic-review-official-publication-of-the-olympic-movement-vol-145-november-1979|title=China and the Five Rings|journal=Olympic Review|volume=145|page=626|date=November 1979|access-date=7 February 2022|archive-date=6 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206045359/https://library.olympics.com/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/168903/olympic-review-official-publication-of-the-olympic-movement-vol-145-november-1979|url-status=live}}{{cite web|last=Amdur|first=Neil|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/11/27/archives/a-2china-plan-for-the-olympics-olympic-group-votes-2china-plan-for.html|title=China Plan for the Olympics|date=27 November 1979|website=The New York Times|access-date=6 February 2022|archive-date=6 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206045349/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/11/27/archives/a-2china-plan-for-the-olympics-olympic-group-votes-2china-plan-for.html|url-status=live}} The resolution, known as the Nagoya Resolution, was approved in November 1979 by the IOC members, and later other international sports federations adopted the resolution.

The Nagoya Resolution was welcomed by the PRC as the resolution followed the PRC's One China principle, whereas the ROC decided that the ROC Olympic Committee must strongly protest against the decisions. From November 1979, the ROC Olympic Committee and Taiwan's IOC member, Henry Hsu, filed a series of lawsuits in Lausanne against the IOC for annulment of the Nagoya Resolution. Taiwanese officials also boycotted the 1980 Winter and Summer Games in protest of not being allowed to use the ROC's official name, flag and national anthem.{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/11/28/archives/olympic-conditions-rejected-by-taiwan.html|title=Olympic Conditions Rejected by Taiwan|date=28 November 1979|website=The New York Times|access-date=6 February 2022|archive-date=6 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206045349/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/11/28/archives/olympic-conditions-rejected-by-taiwan.html|url-status=live}}{{cite journal|last1=Eaton|first1=Joseph|date=November 2016|title=Reconsidering the 1980 Moscow Olympic Boycott: American Sports Diplomacy in East Asian Perspective|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26376807|journal=Diplomatic History|volume=40|issue=5|pages=845–864|doi=10.1093/dh/dhw026|jstor=26376807|access-date=28 February 2022|archive-date=23 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023092500/https://www.jstor.org/stable/26376807|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}

In 1980, the IOC amended the Olympic Charter so that all National Olympic Committees (NOCs) when participating in the Games could use delegation flags and anthems, instead of national ones.{{cite journal|last1=Liu|first1=Hung-Yu|date=June 2007|title=A Study of the Signing of Lausanne Agreement between IOC and Chinese Taipei|url=https://bodyculture.org.tw/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/1-3%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%A5%A7%E6%9C%83%E8%88%87%E6%88%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%B0%BD%E8%A8%82%E5%85%A9%E6%9C%83%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0%E4%B9%8B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6.pdf|journal=Journal of Sport Culture|volume=1|issue=1|pages=53–83|doi=10.29818/SS.200706.0003|language=zh|access-date=30 June 2022|archive-date=26 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926072917/https://bodyculture.org.tw/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/1-3%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%A5%A7%E6%9C%83%E8%88%87%E6%88%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%B0%BD%E8%A8%82%E5%85%A9%E6%9C%83%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0%E4%B9%8B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6.pdf|url-status=live}} Juan Antonio Samaranch, the new president of the IOC, met Henry Hsu several times to discuss the ROC Olympic Committee's status in the IOC. In order for the youth to participate in the Olympic Games and counteract the PRC's strategy of isolating the ROC, the ROC government concluded that the ROC Olympic Committee should not withdraw from the IOC.

File:Flag of Chinese Taipei for Olympic games.svg has been in use since 1981]]

In 1981, the ROC government formally accepted the name "Chinese Taipei".{{cite web |url=http://old.npf.org.tw/PUBLICATION/NS/091/NS-C-091-011.htm |title=Chinese Taipei |access-date=9 July 2010 |first=Joe |last=Hung |date=10 January 2002 |publisher=National Policy Foundation |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724233939/http://old.npf.org.tw/PUBLICATION/NS/091/NS-C-091-011.htm |archive-date=24 July 2011 }} A flag bearing the emblem of its Olympic Committee against a white background as the Chinese Taipei Olympic flag was confirmed in January.{{cite web |url=http://www.tpa.gov.tw/upfile/www/Pdf/%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/200710/20071025c.pdf |script-title=zh:1981年奧會模式簽訂之始末 |access-date=8 July 2010 |last=Liu |first=Chin-Ping |year=2007 |language=zh |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309001034/http://www.tpa.gov.tw/upfile/www/Pdf/%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86/200710/20071025c.pdf |archive-date=9 March 2012 }} Based on the Olympic Charter amended at the 82nd IOC Session, an agreement was signed on 23 March in Lausanne by Juan Antonio Samaranch, the president of the IOC, and Shen Chia-ming, the president of the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee (CTOC).{{cite web|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/03/23/The-International-Olympic-Committee-IOC-announced-today-that-Taiwan/5615354171600/|title=The International Olympic Committee (IOC) announced today that Taiwan...|date=23 March 1981|website=UPI|access-date=6 February 2022|archive-date=6 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206045348/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/03/23/The-International-Olympic-Committee-IOC-announced-today-that-Taiwan/5615354171600/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AqIYensMNiiYfJaz8DAYrRxdxVNwa6H9/view|title=1981 Agreement with IOC|format=PDF|website=Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee|date=23 March 1981|access-date=12 February 2022|archive-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912031625/https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AqIYensMNiiYfJaz8DAYrRxdxVNwa6H9/view|url-status=live}} The 1981 agreement, also known as the Lausanne Agreement, specified the name, flag and emblem of the CTOC. The CTOC is therefore entitled to be treated on the equal footing as other NOCs. In 1983, the National Flag Anthem of the Republic of China was chosen as the anthem of the Chinese Taipei delegation, and Chinese Taipei has been listed under the "T" group in IOC protocol order.{{cite web|url=https://www.tpenoc.net/lausanne/|title=洛桑協議及奧會模式|website=tpenoc.net|language=zh|access-date=17 March 2024}}{{cite web|url=https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Document%20Library/OlympicOrg/Documents/National-Olympic-Committees/List-of-National-Olympic-Committees-in-IOC-Protocol-Order.pdf#_ga=2.192709986.978379868.1683192087-594927581.1678187184|title=List of NOCs in IOC Protocol Order|website=olympics.com|access-date=17 March 2024}} Taiwan has competed under this name and flag exclusively at each Games since the 1984 Winter Olympics, as well as at the Paralympics and at other international events (with flags on which the Olympic rings are replaced by a symbol appropriate to the event).

Both the Republic of China (ROC) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) agree to use the English name "Chinese Taipei". The English word "Chinese" is ambiguous, and may refer to either the state or the culture. The ROC translates "Chinese Taipei" as {{transliteration|zh|ISO|Zhōnghuá Táiběi}} ({{lang-zh|s=中华台北 |t=中華臺北}}). The term {{transliteration|zh|ISO|Zhōnghuá}} is also used in the ROC's official name and state-owned enterprises. Meanwhile, the PRC translates the name as {{transliteration|zh|ISO|Zhōngguó Táiběi}} ({{lang-zh|s=中国台北|t=中國臺北}}) or literally "Taipei, China", in the same manner as {{transliteration|zh|ISO|Zhōngguó Xiānggǎng}} ({{lang-zh|s=中国香港|t=中國香港}}) ("Hong Kong, China"), explicitly connoting that Taipei is a part of the Chinese state. The disagreement was left unresolved, with both governments using their own translation domestically, until just before the 1990 Asian Games where Taiwan would officially participate under the Chinese Taipei name in a Chinese-language region for the first time, forcing the need for an agreement.{{cite web|url=https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/51398|title=Could China stop Taiwan from coming to the Olympic Games?|last=Brownell|first=Susan|date=14 June 2008|website=History News Network|access-date=5 February 2022|archive-date=5 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205134501/https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/51398|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.sa.gov.tw/wSite/public/Data/f1451381551164.pdf|title=我國國際暨兩岸體育交流之研究|pages=55–63|language=zh|publisher=Sports Affairs Council of the Executive Yuan|date=June 1999|access-date=1 November 2021|archive-date=1 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101044555/https://www.sa.gov.tw/wSite/public/Data/f1451381551164.pdf|url-status=live}}

In 1989, the two Olympic committees signed a pact in Hong Kong where the PRC agreed to use the ROC's translation in international sports-related occasions hosted in China.{{cite web|last=Lu|first=Pengqiao|url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/05/china-is-undermining-its-own-taiwan-strategy/|title=China Is Undermining Its Own Taiwan Strategy|website=The Diplomat|date=23 May 2017|access-date=6 February 2022|archive-date=6 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206152843/https://thediplomat.com/2017/05/china-is-undermining-its-own-taiwan-strategy/|url-status=live}} Domestically, the PRC continues to use its own "Taipei, China" translation.{{cite web|url=http://www.china.org.cn/2008-07/24/content_16059685.htm|title=Mainland clarifies name issue of Taiwan team|agency=Xinhua News Agency|website=china.org.cn|date=24 July 2008|access-date=16 April 2022|archive-date=27 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927005836/http://www.china.org.cn/2008-07/24/content_16059685.htm|url-status=live}} During the 2008 Summer Olympics, Chinese state media used the agreed-upon {{transliteration|zh|ISO|Zhōnghuá Táiběi}} both internationally and in domestic press.{{Cite web|url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2008/07/10/2003417028|title=Beijing fiddles Taiwan's name for Olympics |date=10 July 2008|website=Taipei Times |access-date=28 October 2021|archive-date=28 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028092448/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2008/07/10/2003417028|url-status=live}} However, during the 2020 Summer Olympics, state media began using {{transliteration|zh|ISO|Zhōngguó Táiběi}} domestically 93% of the time.{{cite web |last1=Yu-fu |first1=Chen |last2=Pan |first2=Jason |title=Beijing seeks to downgrade Taiwan's status: report |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2021/08/08/2003762236 |website=Taipei Times |date=8 August 2021 |access-date=8 August 2021 |archive-date=7 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807184826/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2021/08/08/2003762236 |url-status=live }} During the 2022 Winter Olympics opening ceremony, China's state media's broadcast cut away to a clip of General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Xi Jinping when Taiwan's delegation paraded as {{transliteration|zh|ISO|Zhōnghuá Táiběi}}. The broadcast in the stadium introduced the team as {{transliteration|zh|ISO|Zhōnghuá Táiběi}}, while the television broadcast commentator of China Central Television announced the delegation's name as {{transliteration|zh|ISO|Zhōngguó Táiběi}}.{{cite web|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1118778/updates/71803|title=Chinese Taipei were forced to march in the Ceremony|website=insidethegames.biz|date=4 February 2022|access-date=6 February 2022|archive-date=6 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206052434/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1118778/updates/71803|url-status=live}}{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/6145179/beijing-olympics-opening-ceremony-politics/|title=China Knew It Couldn't Escape Politics at the Olympics Opening Ceremony. It Didn't Try|magazine=Time|date=4 February 2022|access-date=6 February 2022|archive-date=5 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205113416/https://time.com/6145179/beijing-olympics-opening-ceremony-politics/|url-status=live}}

The World Health Organization, the international organization to both have Chinese as one of its official languages and have the ROC officially participate, uses {{transliteration|zh|ISO|Zhōnghuá Táiběi}} in meeting minutes when the ROC is officially invited,{{cite web|url=https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA64/A64-JOURP-ch.pdf|title=第六十四届世界卫生大会|language=zh|publisher=WHO|date=2 May 2011|access-date=19 November 2021|archive-date=19 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119041626/https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA64/A64-JOURP-ch.pdf|url-status=live}} but uses {{transliteration|zh|ISO|Zhōngguó Táiběi}} in all other contexts.{{cite web|url=https://iris.wpro.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665.1/12828/9789290617488_chi.pdf?ua=1|title=预防自杀全球要务|language=zh|publisher=WHO|date=2014|access-date=19 November 2021|archive-date=28 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028093010/https://iris.wpro.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665.1/12828/9789290617488_chi.pdf?ua=1|url-status=live}}

File:2010 Opening Ceremony - Chinese Taipei entering cropped.jpg under the name of Chinese Taipei in both French and English]]

In French, multiple different names have been officially used. The World Trade Organization officially translates the name as {{lang|fr|Taipei Chinois}}, which has an ambiguous meaning.{{cite web|url=https://www.wto.org/french/thewto_f/countries_f/chinese_taipei_f.htm|title=Le Territoire douanier distinct de Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu (Taipei Chinois) et l'OMC|language=fr|website=World Trade Organization|access-date=12 February 2022|archive-date=12 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212051400/https://www.wto.org/french/thewto_f/countries_f/chinese_taipei_f.htm|url-status=live}} The text of the IOC's Nagoya Resolution in 1979 used the name {{lang|fr|Taipei de Chine}} suggesting the state meaning of "Chinese".{{cite journal|url=https://library.olympics.com/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/169584/revue-olympique-organe-officiel-du-mouvement-olympique-vol-145-novembre-1979|title=La Chine et les cinq anneaux|language=fr|journal=Revue Olympique|volume=145|page=626|date=November 1979|access-date=7 February 2022|archive-date=7 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207155327/https://library.olympics.com/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/169584/revue-olympique-organe-officiel-du-mouvement-olympique-vol-145-novembre-1979|url-status=live}} Before signing the agreement between the IOC and the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee in 1981, representatives of two committees decided that the French name need not be stated. Only the English name would be used in the future IOC official documents. To this day, Chinese Taipei's page on the French-language IOC's website internally uses both {{lang|fr|Taipei de Chine}} and {{lang|fr|Taipei chinois}} (with a lowercase "c"; capitalization is not used by default for geographic origin adjectives in French) for some image alt text, but the title of the page itself simply uses the English name "Chinese Taipei".{{Cite web|url=https://olympics.com/cio/chinese-taipei|title=Chinese Taipei - Comité National Olympique (CNO)|date=27 July 2021|website=International Olympic Committee|access-date=8 August 2021|archive-date=8 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808094735/https://olympics.com/cio/chinese-taipei|url-status=live}} When the name is announced during the Parade of Nations, the French and English announcers both repeat the identical name "Chinese Taipei" in English.{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_qXm9HY9Ro&t=10046s|title=Rio 2016 Opening Ceremony|date=26 September 2016|publisher=International Olympic Committee|access-date=12 February 2022|via=Youtube|archive-date=12 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212051355/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_qXm9HY9Ro&t=10046s|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7eiNnw6Kwc&t=4460s|title=PyeongChang 2018 Opening Ceremony|date=30 March 2020|publisher=International Olympic Committee|access-date=12 February 2022|via=Youtube|archive-date=14 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214234719/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7eiNnw6Kwc&t=4460s|url-status=live}}

In East Asian languages that would normally transcribe directly from Chinese, an English transliteration is used instead to sidestep the issue. Thus Japan uses {{lang|ja-Latn|Chainīzu Taipei}} ({{nihongo2|チャイニーズ・タイペイ}}){{cite web|last=Nojima|first=Tsuyoshi|url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/byline/nojimatsuyoshi/20220204-00280221|title=なぜ台湾は五輪で「チャイニーズ・タイペイ」なのか|language=ja|date=4 February 2022|website=Yahoo Japan|access-date=12 February 2022|archive-date=12 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212071951/https://news.yahoo.co.jp/byline/nojimatsuyoshi/20220204-00280221|url-status=live}} while South Korea uses {{lang|ko-Latn|Chainiseu Taibei}} ({{Korean|차이니스 타이베이|labels=no}}) for their respective-language announcements during the Olympic Games or Asian Games. Meanwhile, Vietnam mostly follows ROC's translation and adapts the Sino-Vietnamese transcription to call Chinese Taipei as {{lang|vi|Đài Bắc Trung Hoa}}{{Cite web |date=2022-02-05 |title=VFF - HLV Mai Đức Chung: Đội tuyển Nữ Việt Nam tự tin giành vé trước Đài Bắc Trung Hoa để đi World Cup |url=https://vff.org.vn/hlv-mai-duc-chung-doi-tuyen-nu-viet-nam-tu-tin-gianh-ve-truoc-dai-bac-trung-hoa-de-di-world-cup/ |access-date=2023-02-19 |website=Vietnam Football Federation |language=vi-VN |archive-date=19 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219224425/https://vff.org.vn/hlv-mai-duc-chung-doi-tuyen-nu-viet-nam-tu-tin-gianh-ve-truoc-dai-bac-trung-hoa-de-di-world-cup/ |url-status=live }} (alternatively {{lang|vi|Đài Bắc, Trung Hoa}}{{Cite web |last=Government |first=Viet Nam |date=2022-02-06 |title=NHỮNG NGÔI SAO VÀNG 'BAY' VÀO LỊCH SỬ! |url=https://baochinhphu.vn/doc-toan-luc-gianh-ve-den-wold-cup-102220206130308942.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219224425/https://baochinhphu.vn/doc-toan-luc-gianh-ve-den-wold-cup-102220206130308942.htm |archive-date=19 February 2023 |access-date=2023-02-19 |website=Vietnam Government News |publisher=Government of Vietnam |language=vi |quote=Trong trận đấu quyết định chiều 6/2, trên sân D.Y.Patil (Navi Mumbai, Ấn Độ), Đội tuyển bóng đá nữ Việt Nam đã xuất sắc giành chiến thắng 2 - 1 trước đối thủ Đài Bắc, Trung Hoa, xuất sắc giành tấm vé trực tiếp tham dự World Cup 2023...}} with a comma or {{lang|vi|Đài Bắc (Trung Hoa)}}{{Cite web |last=Lan Phương |title=Kết thúc ngày thi đấu đầu tiên tại ASIAD 2023: Đoàn Việt Nam được 2 huy chương Đồng |url=http://voc.org.vn/dai-hoi-the-thao/tabid/184/ID/4244/language/vi-VN/Default.aspx |website=Vietnam Olympic Committee |language=vi |publication-place=Vietnam News Agency |quote=6 Đài Bắc (Trung Hoa) 4 HC (1V, 1B, 2Đ)}} with the brackets used; {{Lang-vi-hantu|臺北中華|lit=Taipei, Zhonghua}}, {{Lit|Taipei, Zhonghua}}) likely due to the cosmetic and grammatical inconvenience when using direct English transliteration or the original English designation in Vietnamese context.

File:Dmitry Medvedev at APEC Summit in Peru 22-23 November 2008-8.jpg]]

Besides the International Olympic Committee and sports organizations, Taiwan is a member economy of APEC and its official name in the organization is "Chinese Taipei".{{cite web |url=http://www.apec.org/apec/tools/faqs.html#Q3 |title=APEC FAQ: Who are the members of APEC? |publisher=Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation |date=11 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511161333/http://www.apec.org/apec/tools/faqs.html#Q3 |archive-date=11 May 2008 }} Taiwan's name in the World Trade Organization, "Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu", is frequently abbreviated as Chinese Taipei.{{cite web|url=https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/chinese_taipei_e.htm|title=Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (Chinese Taipei) and the WTO|website=World Trade Organization|access-date=12 February 2022|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163114/https://www.wto.org/english/theWTO_e/countries_e/chinese_taipei_e.htm|url-status=live}} It also participated as an invited guest in the World Health Organization (WHO) under the name of Chinese Taipei. The WHO is the only agency of the United Nations that the ROC is able, provided it is invited each year, to participate in since 1971.{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLI62888 |title=Taiwan hopes WHO assembly will help boost its profile |first=Katie |last=Reid |work=Reuters |date=18 May 2009 |access-date=11 June 2013 |archive-date=15 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015040228/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/18/idUSLI62888 |url-status=live }}

The terminology has spilled into apolitical arenas. The PRC has successfully pressured some international organizations and NGOs to refer to the ROC as Chinese Taipei.{{cite web |url=http://www.taiwan-info.de/html/deutsch/stilblueten.htm |title=Stilblüten |language=de |access-date=7 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080614164446/http://www.taiwan-info.de/html/deutsch/stilblueten.htm |archive-date=14 June 2008 |url-status=dead }} The International Society for Horticultural Science replaced "Taiwan" with "Chinese Taipei" in designation used for the membership.{{cite web|url=https://ws.mofa.gov.tw/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9VcGxvYWQvT2xkRmlsZS9XZWJBcmNoaXZlLzIxNTYvMjAxMC5wZGY%3d&n=MjAxMC5wZGY%3d|title=Instances of Mainland China's Interference with Taiwan's International Presence, 2010|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan)|access-date=12 February 2022|archive-date=12 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212051359/https://ws.mofa.gov.tw/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9VcGxvYWQvT2xkRmlsZS9XZWJBcmNoaXZlLzIxNTYvMjAxMC5wZGY%3D&n=MjAxMC5wZGY%3D|url-status=live}} In a similar case, two Taiwanese medical groups were forced to change the word "Taiwan" in their membership names of ISRRT due to a request by the WHO.{{cite web|last=Lee|first=I-chia|url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2021/01/11/2003750340|title=Society deletes Taiwan references|date=11 January 2021|website=Taipei Times|access-date=12 February 2022|archive-date=12 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212115746/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2021/01/11/2003750340|url-status=live}}

In the Miss World 1998, the government of the PRC pressured the Miss World Organization to rename Miss Republic of China 1998 to "Miss Chinese Taipei".{{cite web |url=http://www.missworld.com/ |title=Miss World 2008 Contestants |publisher=Miss World |date=11 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702141016/http://www.missworld.com/ |archive-date=2 July 2014 }} The same happened in 2000, but with the Miss Universe Organization. Three years later at the Miss Universe pageant in Panama, the first official Miss China and Miss Taiwan competed alongside each other for the first time in history, prompting the PRC government to again demand that Miss Taiwan assume the title "Miss Chinese Taipei".{{cite web |url=http://www.taiwan-info.de/gifs/miss_taiwan.jpg |title=Chen Szu-yu with her two sashes |access-date=25 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014182440/http://www.taiwan-info.de/gifs/miss_taiwan.jpg |archive-date=14 October 2007 |url-status=dead }}{{cite news |title=Beauty queen renamed |newspaper=Taipei Times |date=23 May 2003 |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2003/05/23/2003052269 |access-date=9 August 2012 |archive-date=24 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324001355/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2003/05/23/2003052269 |url-status=live }} Today, neither Miss Universe nor Miss World, the two largest pageant contests in the world, allow Taiwan's entrants to compete under the Taiwan label. In 2005, the third-largest pageant contest, Miss Earth, initially allowed Taiwanese contestant to compete as "Miss Taiwan"; a week into the pageant, however, the contestant's sash was updated to "Taiwan ROC". In 2008, Miss Earth changed the country's label to Chinese Taipei.{{cite web |url=http://english.ohmynews.com/articleview/article_view.asp?at_code=435812&no=384038&rel_no=1 |title=85 Beauties Set Their Sights on 'Miss Earth 2008' Crown |publisher=OhmyNews |date=11 November 2008 |access-date=22 November 2008 |archive-date=23 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623062031/http://english.ohmynews.com/articleview/article_view.asp?at_code=435812&no=384038&rel_no=1 |url-status=live }}

The name is controversial in modern Taiwan; many Taiwanese see it as a result of shameful but necessary compromise, and a symbol of oppression that mainland China forced upon them. The title "Chinese Taipei" has been described as confusing, as it leads some people to believe that "Taipei" is a country or that it is located in or governed by mainland China. Taiwanese Olympian Chi Cheng has described competing under the name as "aggravating, humiliating and depressing."{{cite web |last1=Davidson |first1=Helen |last2=Lu |first2=Jason |title=Will Taiwan's Olympic win over China herald the end of 'Chinese Taipei'? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/02/taiwans-olympics-victory-over-china-renews-calls-to-scrap-chinese-taipei |website=The Guardian |date=2 August 2021 |access-date=2 August 2021 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802114430/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/02/taiwans-olympics-victory-over-china-renews-calls-to-scrap-chinese-taipei |url-status=live }}

Changing demographics and opinions in the country meant that more than 80% of citizens in 2016 saw themselves as Taiwanese, not Chinese,{{cite news |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2016/05/28/2003647291 |title=Taiwanese identity reaches record high |date=28 May 2016 |work=Taipei Times |access-date=9 August 2017 |archive-date=9 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809170842/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2016/05/28/2003647291 |url-status=live }} whereas in 1991, this figure was only 13.6%.{{cite news |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2006/03/12/2003296948 |title='Taiwan identity' growing: study |work=Taipei Times |last=Chang |first=Rich |date=12 March 2006 |page=3 |access-date=9 August 2017 |archive-date=15 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515071111/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2006/03/12/2003296948 |url-status=live }} This radical upswell in Taiwanese national identity has seen a re-appraisal and removal of "sinocentric" labels and figures established by the government during the period of Martial Law. For sporting events, the ROC team is abbreviated in Taiwan as the Team Zhonghua ({{lang-zh|t=中華隊}}). Starting around the time of the 2004 Summer Olympics, there has been a movement in Taiwan to change media references to the team to "Taiwan".{{cite web|date=1 September 2004|title=Rest in peace, 'Chinese Taipei'|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2004/09/01/2003201149|work=Taipei Times|access-date=22 November 2008|archive-date=15 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015193109/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2004/09/01/2003201149|url-status=live}} During the 2020 Summer Olympics, most TV channels referred to the ROC as Team Zhonghua while some channels preferred Team Taiwan ({{lang-zh|t=台灣隊}}).{{cite web|url=https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E7%9B%A3%E7%9C%8B%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A-%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A7%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E5%BE%9E%E9%A0%AD%E5%88%B0%E5%B0%BE%E7%A8%B1-%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%9A%8A-%E5%83%85-%E5%AE%B6-034514816.html|title=媒體監看報告：國內媒體從頭到尾稱「台灣隊」僅一家 多呈「精神分裂」狀況|language=zh|publisher=Newtalk|date=4 August 2021|access-date=8 February 2022|archive-date=7 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207213451/https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E7%9B%A3%E7%9C%8B%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A-%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A7%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E5%BE%9E%E9%A0%AD%E5%88%B0%E5%B0%BE%E7%A8%B1-%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%9A%8A-%E5%83%85-%E5%AE%B6-034514816.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/3649238|title=統計公布！沃草：這2電視台東京奧運期間從不稱「台灣隊」|language=zh|website=The Liberty Times|date=24 August 2021|access-date=8 February 2022|archive-date=7 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207213442/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/3649238|url-status=live}}

File:2017臺北世界大學運動會開幕典禮 10.jpg

Use of the label came under vigorous renewed criticism during the run-up to the 2017 Summer Universiade, hosted in Taiwan.{{cite news |url=https://qz.com/1048672/taiwan-is-using-the-name-chinese-taipei-for-the-summer-universiade-despite-being-the-host/ |title=Taiwan is sick and tired of competing as 'Chinese Taipei' in global sporting events |work=Quartz |date=8 August 2017 |access-date=9 August 2017 |archive-date=9 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809132411/https://qz.com/1048672/taiwan-is-using-the-name-chinese-taipei-for-the-summer-universiade-despite-being-the-host/ |url-status=live }} An English-language guide to the Universiade was lambasted for its "absurd" use of the label.{{cite news |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2017/08/09/2003676180 |title=NPP blasts 'absurd' English guide to Universiade |date=9 August 2017 |work=Taipei Times |access-date=10 February 2018 |archive-date=10 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210121006/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2017/08/09/2003676180 |url-status=live }} The guide was rendered nonsensically by completely avoiding the name "Taiwan" not only when referring to the label under which Taiwanese athletes compete, but even when referring to geographical features such as the island of Taiwan itself. These statements included "Introduction of our Island: ... Chinese Taipei is long and narrow that lies north to south", and "Chinese Taipei is a special island and its Capital Taipei is a great place to experience Taipei's culture."

In response, the guide was withdrawn and shortly thereafter re-issued with the designation "Taiwan" reinstated.{{cite news |url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aspt/201708110026.aspx |title=Universiade: 'Taiwan' back in English media guide |publisher=Focus Taiwan |date=11 August 2017 |access-date=15 August 2017 |archive-date=15 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815104502/http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aspt/201708110026.aspx |url-status=live }}{{cite news |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2017/08/13/2003676443 |title=Taipei Universiade: 'Chinese Taipei' brochure slammed |work=Taipei Times |date=13 August 2017 |access-date=15 August 2017 |archive-date=15 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815102816/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2017/08/13/2003676443 |url-status=live }} Despite these corrections, hundreds of Taiwanese demonstrated in Taipei, demanding that Taiwan cease using "Chinese Taipei" at sporting events.{{cite news |url = http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2017/08/13/2003676427 |title = Taipei Universiade: Groups call for use of 'Taiwan' at Universiade |work = Taipei Times |date = 13 August 2017 |access-date = 15 August 2017 |archive-date = 14 August 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170814164318/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2017/08/13/2003676427 |url-status = live }}{{cite news | url= http://www.taipeitimes.com/images/2017/08/13/thumbs/p01-170813-aa2.jpg | title= 'Taiwan is not Chinese Taipei' and 'Let Taiwan be Taiwan' banners | work= Taipei Times | date= 13 August 2017 | access-date= 15 August 2017 | archive-date= 14 August 2017 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170814180610/http://www.taipeitimes.com/images/2017/08/13/thumbs/p01-170813-aa2.jpg | url-status= live }}{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/16/world/asia/taiwan-chinese-taipei-sports-universiade.html | title = What's in a Name? For Taiwan, Preparing for the Spotlight, a Lot | date = 16 August 2017 | work = The New York Times | access-date = 17 August 2017 | archive-date = 17 August 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170817123625/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/16/world/asia/taiwan-chinese-taipei-sports-universiade.html | url-status = live }}

In February 2018, an alliance of civic organizations submitted a proposal to Taiwan's Central Election Commission (CEC).{{cite news|url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2018/07/09/2003696377|title=INTERVIEW: Push for Olympic name change not political|first=Huang|last=Tai-lin|work=Taipei Times|date=9 July 2018|access-date=28 June 2022|archive-date=28 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628100258/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2018/07/09/2003696377|url-status=live}} The proposed referendum asks if the nation should apply under the name of "Taiwan" for all international sports events, including the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.{{cite news|url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2021/08/01/2003761813|title=Groups urge changing name of Olympic team|first=Jason|last=Pan|work=Taipei Times|date=1 August 2018|access-date=28 June 2022|archive-date=28 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628100300/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2021/08/01/2003761813|url-status=live}} The proposal influenced the East Asian Olympic Committee (EAOC) to revoke Taichung's right to host the first East Asian Youth Games due to "political factors".{{cite news|url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2018/07/25/2003697320|title=Taichung loses right to host Games|first=Stacy|last=Hsu|work=Taipei Times|date=25 July 2018|access-date=28 June 2022|archive-date=28 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628100301/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2018/07/25/2003697320|url-status=live}} An International Olympic Committee (IOC) representative reportedly said this was entirely the decision of the EAOC, and the IOC had no role in the ruling.{{cite news|url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3495686|title=Intl Olympic Committee approves of China's decision to cancel 2019 Youth Games in Taiwan|first=Duncan|last=DeAeth|work=Taiwan News|date=31 July 2018|access-date=28 June 2022|archive-date=28 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628100258/https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3495686|url-status=live}} The IOC also disapproved the altered name and sent three different warnings to the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee ahead of the referendum vote, concerning the renaming issue which may disbar Taiwan from Olympic competitions.{{Cite news|url= https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3579486|title= IOC threatens to disbar Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee|first= Duncan|last= Deaeth|publisher= Taiwan News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805215913/https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3579486|archive-date= 5 August 2021|date= 20 November 2018|access-date= 20 February 2022}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2018/11/20/2003704584|title=ELECTIONS: IOC sends third warning on name change|first=Shelley|last=Shan|work=Taipei Times|date=20 November 2018|access-date=28 June 2022|archive-date=28 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628121159/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2018/11/20/2003704584|url-status=live}}

Taiwanese people voted during the 2018 referendum to reject the proposal to change their official Olympic-designated name from Chinese Taipei to Taiwan.{{cite news|url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3582721|title=Push to use name "Taiwan" instead of "Chinese Taipei" at Tokyo Olympics falters|first=Matthew|last=Strong|work=Taiwan News|date=24 November 2018|access-date=28 June 2022|archive-date=28 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628152319/https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3582721|url-status=live}} The main argument for opposing the name change was worrying that Taiwan may lose its Olympic membership under Chinese pressure, which would result in athletes unable to compete in the Olympics. Another proposal for the 2024 Summer Olympics was submitted to the Taiwan's CEC in 2021.{{cite news|url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/3778368|title=2024巴黎奧運台灣正名公投 中選會要開聽證會|work=The Liberty Times|language=zh|date=23 December 2021|access-date=17 March 2024}} The proposal was ultimately rejected by the CEC due to concerns that it might fall outside the scope of the Referendum Act of Taiwan, potentially rendering the Act inapplicable to the matter at hand.{{cite news|url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aipl/202203180263.aspx|title=巴黎奧運正名公投提案 中選會：函請限期補正|work=Central News Agency|language=zh|date=18 March 2022|access-date=17 March 2024}}{{cite news|url=https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2133494|title=屆期未補正 中選會駁回巴黎奧運正名公投提案|work=Radio Taiwan International|language=zh|date=20 May 2022|access-date=17 March 2024}}

The terminology used to refer to the Republic of China has varied according to the geopolitical situation. Initially, the Republic of China was known simply as "China" until 1971, when the People's Republic of China replaced the Republic of China as the exclusive legitimate representative of "China" at the United Nations.林義鈞. [http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140.119/33730/7/26000207.pdf 第三章、國際因素對台灣認同的影響] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130212840/http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140.119/33730/7/26000207.pdf |date=30 November 2016 }}. 國立政治大學. 2003年 [2016年2月24日] {{in lang|zh-tw}}.潘俊鐘. [http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140.119/34786/9/92100709.pdf 第四章 台灣民眾族群認同、國家認同與統獨態度] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130202054/http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140.119/34786/9/92100709.pdf |date=30 November 2016 }}. 國立政治大學. 2003年 [2016年2月24日] {{in lang|zh-tw}}.{{Cite book | author = 行政院研究發展考核委員會 |title = 《政府開放政策對兩岸關係發展之影響與展望》 | location = 臺灣 | publisher = 威秀代理 | date = 1 July 2009 | pages = 第114頁至第115頁 | language = en }} In order to distinguish the Republic of China from the People's Republic of China, there has been a growing current of support for the use of "Taiwan" in place of "China" to refer to the former.{{Cite web|url=https://subsite.mofa.gov.tw/igo/https%3a%2f%2fsubsite.mofa.gov.tw%2figo%2fNews_Content.aspx%3fn%3dAAAE571211176F30%26sms%3dA8D79D62BB27AFBE%26s%3d2164BDEEAF13B1DF|title=「聯合國學者專家訪華團」一行8人應邀訪華 - 新聞稿及聲明|website=參與國際組織|access-date=28 October 2021|archive-date=28 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028092450/https://subsite.mofa.gov.tw/igo/https%3A//subsite.mofa.gov.tw/igo/News_Content.aspx%3Fn%3DAAAE571211176F30%26sms%3DA8D79D62BB27AFBE%26s%3D2164BDEEAF13B1DF|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.ey.gov.tw/News_Content2.aspx?n=F8BAEBE9491FC830&sms=99606AC2FCD53A3A&s=8160E999582E0560|title=行政院全球資訊網|date=1 December 2011|website=2.16.886.101.20003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914152542/http://www.ey.gov.tw/News_Content2.aspx?n=F8BAEBE9491FC830&sms=99606AC2FCD53A3A&s=8160E999582E0560|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 September 2016}}

In the World Trade Organization, the official full name of Taiwan is "Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu", while its official short name is "Chinese Taipei".{{cite web |url=http://www.wto.org/english/theWTO_e/countries_e/chinese_taipei_e.htm |title=Member Information: Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (Chinese Taipei) and the WTO |date=18 November 2008 |publisher=World Trade Organization |access-date=27 July 2013 |archive-date=29 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129145344/http://www.wto.org/english/theWTO_e/countries_e/chinese_taipei_e.htm |url-status=live }} (In the same way, the official full name of the PRC is "People's Republic of China", while its official short name is "China", as seen in both members' accession protocols.[https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/WT/L/433.pdf&Open=True Accession the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu] wto.org[https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/WT/L/432.pdf&Open=True China's accession to the WTO] WTO)

As with "Chinese Taipei", the ROC and PRC also disagree on the Chinese translation of this name. The ROC uses Tái Pēng Jīn Mǎ Gèbié Guānshuì Lǐngyù ({{lang-zh|s=台澎金马个别关税领域|t=臺澎金馬個別關稅領域}}, literal translation: TPKM Separate Customs Territory), while the PRC uses Zhōngguó Táiběi Dāndú Guānshuì Qū ({{lang-zh|s=中国台北单独关税区|t=中國台北單獨關稅區}}, literal translation: Separate Customs Territory of Taipei, China).

{{See also|Taiwan, China}}

International organizations in which the PRC participates generally do not recognize Taiwan or allow its membership. Thus, for example, whenever the United Nations makes reference to Taiwan, which does not appear on its member countries list,{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/Pubs/CyberSchoolBus/infonation3/menu/advanced.asp |title=United Nations Infonation |publisher=The United Nations |date=11 November 2008 |access-date=28 June 2017 |archive-date=5 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405013834/http://www.un.org/Pubs/CyberSchoolBus/infonation3/menu/advanced.asp |url-status=live }} it uses the designation "Taiwan, Province of China", and organizations that follow UN standards usually do the same, such as the International Organization for Standardization in its listing of ISO 3166-1 country codes. Certain web-based postal address programs also label the country designation name for Taiwan as "Taiwan, Province of China".

Taiwan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs objected to the term together with other names including "Taiwan, China", "Taipei, China" and "Chinese Taiwan" in guidelines issued in 2018.{{cite web|url=https://www.ettoday.net/news/20181213/1330207.htm|title=陸宣傳Chinese Taipe為「中國台北」 外交部盼少用|language=zh|website=ETtoday|date=13 December 2018|access-date=8 February 2022|archive-date=8 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208160047/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20181213/1330207.htm|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.ipb.ntpc.gov.tw/uploadfiles/annex/20181217071411_1.pdf|title=政府機關(構)辦理或補助民間團體赴海外出席國際會議或從事國際交流活動有關會籍名稱或參與地位之處理原則|language=zh|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan)|date=10 December 2018|access-date=8 February 2022|archive-date=8 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208160049/https://www.ipb.ntpc.gov.tw/uploadfiles/annex/20181217071411_1.pdf|url-status=live}}

The term island of Taiwan or Formosa is used sometimes to avoid any misunderstanding about the Taiwan independence movement just referring to the island.

File:Pope johnpaul funeral politics.jpeg (far left) who attended the funeral of Pope John Paul II was seated in the first row in French alphabetical order beside the then-first lady and president of Brazil.]]

Some non-governmental organizations which the PRC does not participate in continue to use "China" or the "Republic of China". The World Organization of the Scout Movement is one of the few international organizations that continue to use the name of "Republic of China", and the ROC affiliate as the Scouts of China. This is because Scouting in mainland China is very limited or not really active.Although such organizations are established in the mainland, there is no or less governmental or CPC support to them. Likewise, Freemasonry is outlawed in the PRC and thus the Grand Lodge of China is based in Taiwan.{{cite web |title=A mason in China |url=https://masons.au/news/A-mason-in-China/ |website=masons.au}}

The United States uses the term "governing authorities on Taiwan" in the Taiwan Relations Act, officially defining the term "Taiwan" to "include...the islands of Taiwan and the Pescadores...and the governing authorities on Taiwan recognized by the United States as the Republic of China prior to January 1, 1979." Geographically and following the similar content in the earlier defense treaty from 1955, it excludes the other islands or archipelagos under the control of the Republic of China, such as Kinmen and the Matsu Islands.{{cite report | author = 陳鴻瑜 | title = 台灣法律地位之演變（1973-2005） | url = http://tkuir.lib.tku.edu.tw:8080/dspace/bitstream/987654321/7928/1/962414H032006.pdf | publisher = 淡江大學東南亞研究所 | location = 臺北縣 | date = July 20, 2008 | page = 9 | quote = 對於台灣的定義是規定在第十五條第二款：「台灣一詞：包括台灣島及澎湖群島，這些島上的居民，依據此等島所實施的法律而成立的公司或其他法人，以及1979年1月1日前美國所承認為中華民國的台灣統治當局與任何繼位統治當局（包括其政治與執政機構。）」從而可知，台灣關係法所規範的台灣只包括台灣和澎湖群島，並不包括金門、馬祖等外島。 | access-date = 14 May 2022 | archive-date = 17 October 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171017110853/http://tkuir.lib.tku.edu.tw:8080/dspace/bitstream/987654321/7928/1/962414H032006.pdf | url-status = live }}

The United Nations publishes population projections for each nation, with nations grouped under geographic area; in 2015, the East Asia group contained an entry named "Other non-specified areas" referring to Taiwan. However, the 2017 publication updated the entry's name to the UN's preferred "Taiwan, Province of China".{{cite web |url=http://paa2014.princeton.edu/papers/141465 |title=Redefining "old age" and "dependency" in the East Asian social policy narrative |author=Basten, Stuart |year=2013 |publisher=Asian Social Policy and Social Work Review |access-date=26 August 2014 |archive-date=27 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827033514/http://paa2014.princeton.edu/papers/141465 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DVD/ |title=2015 Revision of World Population Prospects |work=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs |url-status=dead |access-date=7 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127144245/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DVD/ |archive-date=27 January 2018 }}

File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg|Flag of the Republic of China, origin of the Blue Sky with a White Sun symbol used in Olympic and other "Chinese Taipei" flags

File:Flag of Chinese Taipei for Olympic games.svg|Chinese Taipei Olympic flag

File:Chinese Taipei Paralympic Flag.svg|Chinese Taipei Paralympic flag

File:Flag of Chinese Taipei for Deaf.svg|Chinese Taipei Deaflympics flag

File:Flag of Chinese Taipei for Universiade.svg|Chinese Taipei FISU World University Games (Universiade) flag

File:Flag of Chinese Taipei (WorldSkills).svg|Chinese Taipei WorldSkills flag

File:Flag of Chinese Taipei (FRC).svg|Chinese Taipei FIRST Robotics Competition flag

File:Chinese Taipei Volleyball Flag.svg|Chinese Taipei volleyball flag

File:Chinese Taipei esports flag.svg|Flag of Chinese Taipei used in the Overwatch World Cup

• Foreign relations of Taiwan
• History of the Republic of China
• Sports in Taiwan
• Chinese Taipei at the Olympics
• Chinese Taipei at the Paralympics
• Chinese Taipei at the AFC Asian Cup
• Chinese Taipei at the Asian Games
• Chinese Taipei at the Hopman Cup
• Chinese Taipei at the Universiade

{{reflist}}

• {{Commons category-inline|Chinese Taipei}}
• {{Wiktionary-inline|Chinese Taipei}}
• {{in lang|zh-tw}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20100513054453/http://www.sac.gov.tw/resource/annualreport/Quarterly156/index.asp 國民體育季刊 No. 156. Focus Topic: Olympic Model]
• [https://www.tpenoc.net/en/ Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee] Official Website

{{Foreign relations of the Republic of China}}

{{Cross-Strait relations}}

Category:Foreign relations of Taiwan

Category:Politics of Taiwan

Category:1981 establishments in Taiwan