:Chloralose

{{chembox

| Verifiedfields = changed

| Watchedfields = changed

| verifiedrevid = 460028510

| ImageFile = Chloralose structure.svg

| ImageFile_Ref = {{Chemboximage|correct|CAS}}

| ImageCaption = Structural formula of α-chloralose

| ImageFile1 = Chloralose-from-xtal-3D-ball-and-stick.png

| ImageCaption1 = Ball-and-stick model of α-chloralose

| IUPACName = 1,2-O-[(1R)-2,2,2-Trichloroethane-1,1-diyl]-α-D-glucofuranose

| SystematicName = (1R)-1-[(2R,3aR,4S,5R,6aR)-2-(Trichloromethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-furo[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl]ethane-1,2-diol

|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers

| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}

| UNII = 238BZ29MUE

| CASNo = 15879-93-3

| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|EBI}}

| ChEBI = 81902

| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}

| ChEMBL = 2104181

| PubChem = 7057995

| PubChem1 = 40467114

| PubChem1_Comment = (2R,3aR,5R,6R)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-furo-5-yl

| PubChem2 = 27525

| PubChem2_Comment = (2R,5R,6S,6aR)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-furo-5-yl

| PubChem3 = 16211632

| PubChem3_Comment = (1R)-dioxol, (2R,5R,6S,6aR)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-furo-5-yl

| PubChem4 = 186624

| PubChem4_Comment = (1R)-dioxol, (3aR,5R,6S,6aR)-6-hydroxy-furo-5-yl

| PubChem5 = 2723807

| PubChem5_Comment = (2R,3aR,5R,6S,6aR)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-furo-5-yl

| PubChemOther = 85991

| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}

| ChemSpiderID = 5414376

| SMILES = C([C@H]([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@H](O1)O[C@@H](O2)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)O)O)O

| InChI = 1/C8H11Cl3O6/c9-8(10,11)7-16-5-3(14)4(2(13)1-12)15-6(5)17-7/h2-7,12-14H,1H2/t2-,3+,4-,5-,6-,7-/m1/s1

| InChIKey = OJYGBLRPYBAHRT-IPQSZEQABF

| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}

| StdInChI = 1S/C8H11Cl3O6/c9-8(10,11)7-16-5-3(14)4(2(13)1-12)15-6(5)17-7/h2-7,12-14H,1H2/t2-,3+,4-,5-,6-,7-/m1/s1

| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}

| StdInChIKey = OJYGBLRPYBAHRT-IPQSZEQASA-N

| EINECS = 240-016-7

| MeSHName = Chloralose

| Beilstein = 85418

| RTECS = FM9450000

| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}

| KEGG = C18707

}}

|Section2={{Chembox Properties

| C=8 | H=11 | Cl=3 | O=6

| MeltingPtC = 176 to 182}}

|Section3={{Chembox Hazards

| MainHazards = Harmful if swallowed

Harmful if inhaled

| GHSPictograms = {{GHS06}}{{GHS07}}{{GHS09}}

| GHSSignalWord = Danger

| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|301|332|336|410}}

| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|261|264|270|271|273|301+310|304+312|304+340|312|321|330|391|403+233|405|501}}

}}

|Section8={{Chembox Related

| OtherCompounds = Chloral hydrate}}

}}

Chloralose (also known as α-chloralose) is an avicide, and a rodenticide used to kill mice in temperatures below 15 °C. It is also widely used in neuroscience and veterinary medicine as an anesthetic and sedative.{{cite journal |author=Silverman J, Muir WW |title=A review of laboratory animal anesthesia with chloral hydrate and chloralose |journal=Lab Anim Sci. |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=210–6 |date=Jun 1993 |pmid=8355479 }} Either alone or in combination, such as with urethane, it is used for long-lasting, but light anesthesia.{{Citation|last=Vogler|first=George A.|title=Chapter 19 - Anesthesia and Analgesia|date=2006-01-01|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780120749034500224|work=The Laboratory Rat (Second Edition)|pages=627–664|editor-last=Suckow|editor-first=Mark A.|series=American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine|place=Burlington|publisher=Academic Press|language=en|isbn=978-0-12-074903-4|access-date=2021-03-21|editor2-last=Weisbroth|editor2-first=Steven H.|editor3-last=Franklin|editor3-first=Craig L.}} It has been used with oral administration to sedate wild Canada geese for translocation in Nevada.{{cite web |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7jz294rd#author |title=Capturing problematic urban Canada geese in Reno, Nevada: Goose roundups vs. use of alpha-chloralose|publisher=University of California |access-date=2025-03-26}}

Chemically, it is a chlorinated acetal derivative of glucose.

Chloralose exerts barbiturate-like actions on synaptic transmission in the brain, including potent effects at inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABA_AR).{{Cite journal | author = R. A. Nicoll & J. M. Wojtowicz | title = The effects of pentobarbital and related compounds on frog motoneurons | journal = Brain Research | volume = 191 | issue = 1 | pages = 225–237 | year = 1980 | doi = 10.1016/0006-8993(80)90325-x | pmid = 6247012| s2cid = 21777453 }}{{Cite journal | author = K. M. Garrett & J. Gan | title = Enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor activity by alpha-chloralose | journal = The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | volume = 285 | issue = 2 | pages = 680–686 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9580613}} A structural isomer of chloralose, β-chloralose (also called parachloralose in older literature), is inactive as a GABA_AR modulator and also as a general anesthetic.{{Cite journal | author = M. D. Krasowski & N. L. Harrison | title = The actions of ether, alcohol and alkane general anaesthetics on GABAA and glycine receptors and the effects of TM2 and TM3 mutations | journal = British Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 129 | issue = 4 | pages = 731–743 | year = 2000 | doi = 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703087 | pmid = 10683198| pmc = 1571881 }}

Chloralose is often abused for its avicide properties. In the United Kingdom, protected birds of prey have been killed using the chemical.

Legal use for bird control also often causes raptor mortalities from secondary poisoning, as well as primary poisoning of non-target species from eating bait, for example, kererū pigeon in New Zealand.{{Cite news|date=2020-07-26|title=Poisoned bird had enough toxin to 'kill a child'|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-53543989|access-date=2020-07-26}}