:Chromium nitride
{{chembox
| verifiedrevid = 442260841
| ImageFile =Chromium-nitride-xtal-3D-SF.png
| ImageSize =
| ImageName =Chromium nitride
| IUPACName = Chromium nitride
| OtherNames = Chromium(III) nitride
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| SMILES = [Cr]#N
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/Cr.N
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo = 24094-93-7
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = W46I1HZ91F
| PubChem = 90362
| EC_number = 246-016-3
| InChI = 1/Cr.N/rCrN/c1-2
| InChIKey = CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-NIYUYJRQAK
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 81581
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = CrN
| MolarMass = 66.003 g/mol
| Appearance = Black powder
| Density = 5.9 g/cm3 [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/compounds/text/Cr/Cr1N1-12053279.html Chromium(III) nitride at webelements.com]
| MeltingPt = 1770 ˚C (decomp.){{Greenwood&Earnshaw1st|page=480}}
| BoilingPt =
| Solubility = Insolublehttp://www.alfa-chemcat.com/daten_msds/D/12149_-_D.pdf{{dead link|date=August 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
}}
|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = −117.15 kJ/mol [http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C24094937&Units=SI&Mask=2#Thermo-Condensed NIST Chemistry Webbook]
| HeatCapacity =
}}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS =
| FlashPt = Non-flammable
| PEL = TWA 1 mg/m3{{PGCH|0141}}
}}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherCompounds = Dichromium nitride
}}
}}
Chromium nitride is a chemical compound of chromium and nitrogen with the formula CrN. It is very hard, and is extremely resistant to corrosion. It is an interstitial compound, with nitrogen atoms occupying the octahedral holes in the chromium lattice: as such, it is not strictly a chromium(III) compound nor does it contain nitride ions (N3−). Chromium forms a second interstitial nitride, dichromium nitride, Cr2N.
Synthesis
Chromium(III) nitride can be prepared by direct combination of chromium and nitrogen at 800 °C:
:2 Cr + {{chem|N|2}} → 2 CrN
It can also synthesize by Physical Vapour Deposition technique such as Cathodic arc deposition.
Applications
CrN is used as a coating material for corrosion resistance and in metal forming and plastic moulding applications.{{cite journal | last=Vetter | first=J. | title=Vacuum arc coatings for tools: potential and application | journal=Surface and Coatings Technology | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=76-77 | year=1995 | issn=0257-8972 | doi=10.1016/0257-8972(95)02499-9 | pages=719–724}} CrN is often used on medical implants and tools. CrN is also a valuable component in advanced multicomponent coating systems, such as CrAlN, for hard, wear-resistant applications on cutting tools.{{cite journal | last1=Reiter | first1=A.E. | last2=Derflinger | first2=V.H. | last3=Hanselmann | first3=B. | last4=Bachmann | first4=T. | last5=Sartory | first5=B. | title=Investigation of the properties of Al1−xCrxN coatings prepared by cathodic arc evaporation | journal=Surface and Coatings Technology | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=200 | issue=7 | year=2005 | issn=0257-8972 | doi=10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.01.043 | pages=2114–2122}}
Magnetism
The fundamental materials physics of CrN, giving rise to its favorable properties, has been debated recently in high-profile scientific journals such as Nature Materials.{{cite journal | last1=Rivadulla | first1=Francisco | last2=Bañobre-López | first2=Manuel | last3=Quintela | first3=Camilo X. | last4=Piñeiro | first4=Alberto | last5=Pardo | first5=Victor | last6=Baldomir | first6=Daniel | last7=López-Quintela | first7=Manuel Arturo | last8=Rivas | first8=José | last9=Ramos | first9=Carlos A. | last10=Salva | first10=Horacio | last11=Zhou | first11=Jian-Shi | last12=Goodenough | first12=John B. |display-authors=5| title=Reduction of the bulk modulus at high pressure in CrN | journal=Nature Materials | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=8 | issue=12 | date=2009-10-25 | issn=1476-1122 | doi=10.1038/nmat2549 | pages=947–951| pmid=19855384 | bibcode=2009NatMa...8..947R }}{{cite journal | last1=Alling | first1=Björn | last2=Marten | first2=Tobias | last3=Abrikosov | first3=Igor A. | title=Questionable collapse of the bulk modulus in CrN | journal=Nature Materials | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=9 | issue=4 | year=2010 | issn=1476-1122 | doi=10.1038/nmat2722 | pages=283–284| pmid=20332781 | bibcode=2010NatMa...9..283A }} In particular, the importance of magnetism in both the low temperature and the high temperature phases has been demonstrated by means of quantum mechanical calculations of the electronic structure of the compound.{{cite journal | last1=Filippetti | first1=Alessio | last2=Hill | first2=Nicola A. | title=Magnetic Stress as a Driving Force of Structural Distortions: The Case of CrN | journal=Physical Review Letters | publisher=American Physical Society (APS) | volume=85 | issue=24 | date=2000-12-11 | issn=0031-9007 | doi=10.1103/physrevlett.85.5166 | pages=5166–5169| pmid=11102212 | arxiv=cond-mat/0004252 | bibcode=2000PhRvL..85.5166F | s2cid=39265221 }}{{cite journal|author2-link=Walter R. L. Lambrecht | last1=Herwadkar | first1=Aditi | last2=Lambrecht | first2=Walter R. L. | title=Electronic structure of CrN: A borderline Mott insulator | journal=Physical Review B | publisher=American Physical Society (APS) | volume=79 | issue=3 | date=2009-01-29 | issn=1098-0121 | doi=10.1103/physrevb.79.035125 | page=035125| bibcode=2009PhRvB..79c5125H }}{{cite journal | last1=Alling | first1=B. | last2=Marten | first2=T. | last3=Abrikosov | first3=I. A. | title=Effect of magnetic disorder and strong electron correlations on the thermodynamics of CrN | journal=Physical Review B | publisher=American Physical Society (APS) | volume=82 | issue=18 | date=2010-11-29 | issn=1098-0121 | doi=10.1103/physrevb.82.184430 | page=184430| arxiv=1006.3460 | bibcode=2010PhRvB..82r4430A | s2cid=6837803 | url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-60439 }}
Natural occurrence
Though rare, carlsbergite - the natural form of chromium nitride - occurs in some meteorites.{{cite web|website=Mindat.org|url=http://www.mindat.org/min-904.html|title=Carlsbergite: Mineral Information, data, and localities|access-date=2020-03-17}}
References
{{reflist}}
{{Chromium compounds}}
{{Nitrides}}
Category:Chromium(III) compounds