:Copper(II) phosphate
{{otheruses|Copper phosphate (disambiguation){{!}}Copper phosphate}}
{{chembox
| verifiedrevid =
| ImageFile1 =
| ImageFile2 = Fosforečnan měďnatý.PNG
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| IUPACName = copper(II) phosphate
| OtherNames = tricopper diphosphate
tricopper bis(orthophosphate)
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 77984
| InChI = 1S/3Cu.2H3O4P/c;;;2*1-5(2,3)4/h;;;2*(H3,1,2,3,4)/q3*+2;;/p-6
| SMILES = [O-]P(=O)([O-])[O-].[O-]P(=O)([O-])[O-].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[Cu+2]
| InChIKey = GQDHEYWVLBJKBA-UHFFFAOYSA-H
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| CASNo = 7798-23-4
| CASNo_Comment = trihydrate
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = N8NP6FR80R
| PubChem = 86469
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = Cu3(PO4)2
| MolarMass = 380.580722 g/mol (anhydrous)
434.63 g/mol (trihydrate)
| Appearance = light bluish-green powder (anhydrous)
blue or olive crystals (trihydrate)
| Density =
| MeltingPt =
| MeltingPt_notes =
| BoilingPt =
| SolubilityProduct = 1.4{{e|−37}}{{cite book |author1=John Rumble |title=CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics |date=June 18, 2018 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1138561632 |pages=5–188|edition=99 |language=English}}
| SolubleOther = anhydrous:
soluble in ammonia
trihydrate:
soluble in ammonium hydroxide
slightly soluble in acetone
insoluble in ethanol
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = orthorhombic (trihydrate)
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS05}}{{GHS07}}{{GHS09}}
| GHSSignalWord = Danger
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|315|318|410}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|P264|P264+P265|P273|P280|P302+P352|P305+P354+P338|P317|P321|P332+P317|P362+P364|P391|P501}}
| MainHazards =
| FlashPt =
| PEL = TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu){{PGCH|0150}}
| IDLH = TWA 100 mg/m3 (as Cu)
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| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions =
| OtherCations = {{ubl|Cobalt(II) phosphate|Iron(II) phosphate|Manganese(II) phosphate|Nickel(II) phosphate}}
}}
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Copper(II) phosphate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cu3(PO4)2. It can be regarded as the cupric salt of phosphoric acid. Anhydrous copper(II) phosphate and a trihydrate are blue solids.
Preparation
Hydrated copper(II) phosphate precipitates upon addition of a solution of alkali metal phosphate to an aqueous solution of copper(II) sulfate.{{cite book |doi=10.1002/14356007.a07_567 |chapter=Copper Compounds |title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |year=2000 |last1=Richardson |first1=H. Wayne |isbn=3527306730 }} The anhydrous material can be produced by a high-temperature (1000 °C) reaction between diammonium phosphate and copper(II) oxide.{{cite journal|last1=Shoemaker|first1=G. L.|last2=Anderson|first2=J. B.|last3=Kostiner|first3=E.|title=Copper(II) phosphate|journal=Acta Crystallographica Section B|date=15 September 1977|volume=33|issue=9|pages=2969–2972|doi=10.1107/S0567740877010012}}
: 2 (NH4)2HPO4 + 3 CuO → Cu3(PO4)2 + 3 H2O + 4 NH3
In laboratories, copper phosphate is prepared by the addition of phosphoric acid to an alkali copper salt such as copper hydroxide, or basic copper carbonate.
: 3 Cu(OH)2 + 2 H3PO4 → 6 H2O + Cu3(PO4)2
: 3 Cu2(OH)2CO3 + 4 H3PO4 → 2 Cu3(PO4)2 + 3 CO2 + 9 H2O
Uses
Copper(II) phosphate has many uses. Due to it being a copper metal salt it can be used as a fungicide; it works by denaturating proteins and enzymes in cells of pathogens. Many other copper salts, such as copper sulfate, are used as fungicides. {{Cite web |title=Copper Fungicides for Organic and Conventional Disease Management in Vegetables {{!}} Cornell Vegetables |url=https://www.vegetables.cornell.edu/pest-management/disease-factsheets/copper-fungicides-for-organic-disease-management-in-vegetables/#:~:text=Copper%20fungicides%20are%20also%20effective,when%20they%20get%20inside%20plants. |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=www.vegetables.cornell.edu}}
Another use of copper(II) phosphate is as a fertilizer. Copper is one of the 16 essential elements required for plant growth. Copper(II) phosphate supplies the plant with both phosphorus and copper, which stimulates growth.{{Cite journal |last=Javadi |first=Morteza |last2=Beuerlein |first2=James E. |last3=Arscott |first3=Trevor G. |date=1991 |title=Effects of Phosphorus and Copper on Factors Influencing Nutrient Uptake, Photosynthesis, and Grain Yield of Wheat |url=https://kb.osu.edu/handle/1811/23474 |journal= |language=en-US |issn=0030-0950}}
Structure
File:Cu3(PO4)2aqCode201842.png
In terms of structure, copper(II) phosphate is a coordination polymer, as is typical for most metal phosphates. The phosphate center is tetrahedral. In the anhydrous material, the copper centers are pentacoordinate. In the monohydrate, the copper adopts 6-, 5-, and 4-coordinate geometries.{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0022-4596(85)80014-1|title=Cu3(PO4)2 · H2O: Synthese und Kristallstruktur|year=1985|last1=Effenberger|first1=H.|journal=Journal of Solid State Chemistry|volume=57|issue=2|pages=240–247|bibcode=1985JSSCh..57..240E}}
Minerals
Copper(II) phosphate is relatively commonly encountered as the hydrated species Cu2(PO4)OH, which is green and occurs naturally as the mineral libethenite. Pseudomalachite, Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4, is the most common copper phosphate in nature, typical for some oxidation zones of copper ore deposits.[https://www.mindat.org/min-3299.html Pseudomalachite on Mindat{{Cite web|url=https://www.ima-mineralogy.org/Minlist.htm|title=List of Minerals|date=21 March 2011}}
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References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- Handbook of chemistry and physics http://www.hbcpnetbase.com/
{{Copper compounds}}
{{Phosphates}}