:Douglas, Arizona

File:Arizona - Douglas - NARA - 23933671.jpg

File:Arizona - Douglas - NARA - 23933673.jpg

The Douglas area was first settled by the Spanish in the 18th century. Presidio de San Bernardino was established in 1776 and abandoned in 1780. It was located a few miles east of present-day Douglas. The United States Army established Camp San Bernardino in the latter half of the 19th century near the presidio, and in 1910 Camp Douglas was built next to the town.

Douglas was founded as an American smelter town, to treat the copper ores of nearby Bisbee, Arizona. The town is named after mining pioneer Dr. James Douglas{{cite web| url=http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=11178| title=Profile for Douglas, Arizona| publisher=ePodunk| access-date=August 23, 2012| archive-date=February 10, 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210012734/http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=11178| url-status=dead}} and was incorporated in 1905.{{cite web|url= http://www.douglasaz.org/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091210212945/http://www.douglasaz.org/|url-status= usurped|archive-date= December 10, 2009|title= City of Douglas, Arizona|publisher=City of Douglas, Arizona|access-date=August 23, 2012}} Two copper smelters operated at the site. The Calumet and Arizona Company Smelter was built in 1902. The Copper Queen operated in Douglas from 1904 until 1931, when the Phelps Dodge Corporation purchased the Calumet and Arizona Company and took over their smelter. The Calumet and Arizona smelter then became the Douglas Reduction Works. Douglas was the site of the Phelps-Dodge Corporation Douglas Reduction Works until its closure in 1987. The smoke stacks of the smelter were not taken down until January 13, 1991. The town was a site of the Arizona Copper Mine Strike of 1983.

The "Cowboys Home Saloon" was the location of the fatal shooting of bar owner Lorenzo "Lon" Bass. The accused was Arizona Ranger William W. Webb. The date was February 8, 1903.A full report can be read in The Arizona Rangers by Bill O'Neal; Eakin Press, Austin, Texas.

In 1916, the Mexican revolutionary leader Pancho Villa threatened to attack Douglas, believing Americans responsible for his defeat at the Second Battle of Agua Prieta.{{cite book | last = McLynn | first = Frank | title = Villa and Zapata | publisher = Carroll & Graf Publishers | location = New York | year = 2001 | isbn = 0-7867-0895-6 | author-link = Frank McLynn | page = [https://archive.org/details/villazapatahisto00mcly/page/319 319] | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/villazapatahisto00mcly }}

On June 23, 1926, missing evangelist Aimee Semple McPherson was found collapsed near a road at the adjacent Mexican town of Agua Prieta. She was driven into Douglas and told a story of kidnap, torture and escape as she convalesced at Calumet Hospital. There, large crowds gathered, anxious to see the famous Canadian-American celebrity minister. She had earlier disappeared from a beach near Los Angeles and was believed drowned. For a period of several weeks, Douglas enjoyed a brisk tourist boom as police, reporters and others visited the town and the nearby desert to investigate her story. The Los Angeles Times wrote, "Mrs. McPherson put Douglas square on the map and the citizens here appear grateful that it was in Douglas she sought refuge."Kendal, Read, Staff Correspondent; Los Angeles Times; (June 23, 1926) pp 1,2,4Lately, Thomas. The Vanishing Evangelist: The Aimee Semple McPherson Kidnapping Affair (Viking Press, 1959) p.60

{{Wide image|Douglas Arizona 1904 panorama.jpg|2500px|Panoramic view in 1904}}

In 1989, the Sinaloa Cartel dug a {{convert|300|ft|m|abbr=off|adj=on}} tunnel between a house in Agua Prieta to a warehouse located in Douglas that it used to smuggle drugs across the international border. It was discovered in May 1990.{{cite news|title=Chapo's rise: From poor, abused to cartel kingpin|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/02/28/chapos-abused-cartel-kingpin/5906279/|access-date=November 21, 2017|newspaper=USA Today|date=February 28, 2014}}{{cite magazine|last1=Reel|first1=Monte|title=Annals of Excavation: Underworld – How the Sinaloa Cartel digs its tunnels|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/08/03/underworld-monte-reel|access-date=November 19, 2017|magazine=The New Yorker|date=August 3, 2015}} Following its discovery, the Cartel refocused their smuggling operations towards Tijuana and Otay Mesa, San Diego where it acquired a warehouse in 1992. Other tunnels would also later be built in Arizona including sites at Naco and Nogales.

The town has been physically divided from Agua Prieta with a tall border wall built under President George W. Bush.

Douglas is located near the southeastern corner of Arizona on the U.S.-Mexico border, across from the city of Agua Prieta, Sonora.

U.S. Route 191 leads north from Douglas {{convert|69|mi}} to Interstate 10 near Willcox. Arizona State Route 80 leads west {{convert|26|mi}} to Bisbee and northeast {{convert|80|mi}} to Interstate 10 in New Mexico.

Douglas has a semi-arid steppe climate, which is cooler and wetter than a typical arid climate classification. In the winter months, Douglas averages in the mid to upper 60s °F (17–21 °C), with both January and February averaging daily highs of {{convert|64|°F|0}}. Lows typically settle just below the freezing mark on a majority of nights, but it is not uncommon to see temperatures tumble below {{convert|25|°F}} on some winter nights.

On the other hand, in the summer months, highs average between {{convert|90|and|100|°F|°C|0}}, with the month of June being the hottest with an average daytime high of {{convert|97|°F|0}}. Nighttime lows for the summer months remain in the upper 50s and mid 60s °F (14–18 °C) for the duration of the season. June and July typically see {{convert|6|in|mm|-1}} or more of combined rainfall, which brings the average annual precipitation for Douglas to about {{convert|14|in|mm|-1}}.

Douglas' all-time highest recorded temperature is {{convert|111|°F}} which was reached in July 1905. The all-time low temperature was {{convert|-7|°F}}, which occurred in January 1913.

{{Weather box

| location = Douglas, Arizona (DUG), elevation: {{convert|4098|ft}}, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1948–present

| single line = Y

| Jan record high F = 82

| Feb record high F = 86

| Mar record high F = 92

| Apr record high F = 99

| May record high F = 105

| Jun record high F = 110

| Jul record high F = 109

| Aug record high F = 106

| Sep record high F = 102

| Oct record high F = 96

| Nov record high F = 88

| Dec record high F = 82

| year record high F = 110

| Jan avg record high F = 74.0

| Feb avg record high F = 78.2

| Mar avg record high F = 84.5

| Apr avg record high F = 89.8

| May avg record high F = 98.0

| Jun avg record high F = 104.1

| Jul avg record high F = 102.9

| Aug avg record high F = 99.5

| Sep avg record high F = 96.9

| Oct avg record high F = 92.0

| Nov avg record high F = 82.3

| Dec avg record high F = 75.4

| year avg record high F = 105.1

| Jan high F = 62.2

| Feb high F = 65.7

| Mar high F = 72.1

| Apr high F = 79.1

| May high F = 87.3

| Jun high F = 96.0

| Jul high F = 93.6

| Aug high F = 91.5

| Sep high F = 88.8

| Oct high F = 81.5

| Nov high F = 70.7

| Dec high F = 61.4

| year high F = 79.2

|Jan mean F = 45.1

|Feb mean F = 48.6

|Mar mean F = 54.2

|Apr mean F = 60.5

|May mean F = 68.8

|Jun mean F = 77.9

|Jul mean F = 79.3

|Aug mean F = 77.7

|Sep mean F = 73.6

|Oct mean F = 64.0

|Nov mean F = 52.8

|Dec mean F = 44.8

|year mean F =

| Jan low F = 28.0

| Feb low F = 31.5

| Mar low F = 36.3

| Apr low F = 41.9

| May low F = 50.2

| Jun low F = 59.7

| Jul low F = 65.1

| Aug low F = 63.8

| Sep low F = 58.4

| Oct low F = 46.5

| Nov low F = 35.0

| Dec low F = 28.2

| year low F = 45.4

| Jan avg record low F = 16.6

| Feb avg record low F = 19.9

| Mar avg record low F = 24.0

| Apr avg record low F = 29.7

| May avg record low F = 39.5

| Jun avg record low F = 50.2

| Jul avg record low F = 60.2

| Aug avg record low F = 58.9

| Sep avg record low F = 50.0

| Oct avg record low F = 34.0

| Nov avg record low F = 21.6

| Dec avg record low F = 16.3

| year avg record low F = 13.4

| Jan record low F = 6

| Feb record low F = 0

| Mar record low F = 13

| Apr record low F = 21

| May record low F = 29

| Jun record low F = 40

| Jul record low F = 53

| Aug record low F = 51

| Sep record low F = 36

| Oct record low F = 19

| Nov record low F = 11

| Dec record low F = −4

| year record low F = −4

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation inch = 0.63

| Feb precipitation inch = 0.56

| Mar precipitation inch = 0.50

| Apr precipitation inch = 0.11

| May precipitation inch = 0.23

| Jun precipitation inch = 0.49

| Jul precipitation inch = 3.07

| Aug precipitation inch = 2.91

| Sep precipitation inch = 1.27

| Oct precipitation inch = 0.62

| Nov precipitation inch = 0.67

| Dec precipitation inch = 0.77

| year precipitation inch = 11.83

| unit precipitation days = 0.01 in

| Jan precipitation days = 4.1

| Feb precipitation days = 4.2

| Mar precipitation days = 3.0

| Apr precipitation days = 1.3

| May precipitation days = 1.4

| Jun precipitation days = 3.1

| Jul precipitation days = 13.6

| Aug precipitation days = 12.2

| Sep precipitation days = 5.4

| Oct precipitation days = 3.4

| Nov precipitation days = 2.9

| Dec precipitation days = 4.0

| Jan snow inch = 0.1

| Feb snow inch = 0.0

| Mar snow inch = 0.1

| Apr snow inch = 0.0

| May snow inch = 0.0

| Jun snow inch = 0.0

| Jul snow inch = 0.0

| Aug snow inch = 0.0

| Sep snow inch = 0.0

| Oct snow inch = 0.0

| Nov snow inch = 0.1

| Dec snow inch = 0.1

| unit snow days = 0.1 in

| Jan snow days = 0.2

| Feb snow days = 0.0

| Mar snow days = 0.1

| Apr snow days = 0.0

| May snow days = 0.0

| Jun snow days = 0.0

| Jul snow days = 0.0

| Aug snow days = 0.0

| Sep snow days = 0.0

| Oct snow days = 0.0

| Nov snow days = 0.1

| Dec snow days = 0.2

| source 1 = NOAA{{cite web |url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=twc |title = NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date = August 11, 2022}}

{{cite web

|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USW00093026&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL

|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Douglas Bisbee INL AP, AZ

|access-date = February 16, 2023

}}

}}

{{US Census population

|1910= 6437

|1920= 9916

|1930= 9828

|1940= 8623

|1950= 9442

|1960= 11925

|1970= 12462

|1980= 13058

|1990= 12822

|2000= 14312

|2010= 17378

|2020= 16534

|align-fn=center

|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2016}}

}}

As of the census of 2010, there were 17,509 people, 4,986 households, and 3,662 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,750.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 5,652 housing units at an average density of {{convert|565.2|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 68.2% white, 2.8% black or African-American, 1.7% American Indian or Alaska Native, 0.5% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, 24.2% some other race, and 2.6% two or more races. 82.6% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.{{cite web| url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/1600000US0420050| archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212110616/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/1600000US0420050| url-status=dead| archive-date=February 12, 2020| title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Douglas city, Arizona (revision of 01-31-2013)| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| access-date=June 12, 2014}}

There were 4,986 households, out of which 45.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.9% were headed by married couples living together, 24.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.6% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.98, and the average family size was 3.56.

In the city, the age distribution of the population was 28.2% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 120.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 127.4 males.

For the period 2008–12, the estimated median annual income for a household in the city was $28,548, and the median income for a family was $33,117. Male full-time workers had a median income of $25,853 versus $31,222 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,376. About 25.1% of families and 30.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.8% of those under age 18 and 29.0% of those age 65 or over.{{cite web| url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/12_5YR/DP03/1600000US0420050| archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212083104/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/12_5YR/DP03/1600000US0420050| url-status=dead| archive-date=February 12, 2020| title=Selected Economic Characteristics: 2008–2012 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (DO03): Douglas city, Arizona| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| access-date=June 12, 2014}}

{{See also|Chiricahua National Monument}}

File:Chiricahua mtns-kmf.JPG]]

Douglas is home to the historic Gadsden Hotel, which opened in 1907. Named for the Gadsden Purchase, the stately five-story, 160-room hotel became a home away from home for cattlemen, ranchers, miners, and businessmen. The hotel was leveled by fire and rebuilt in 1929. The Gadsden is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Gadsden's spacious main lobby is majestically set with a solid white Italian marble staircase and four soaring marble columns. A stained glass window mural by 5th generation Artisan Ralph Baker, who studied under Louis Comfort Tiffany, extends {{convert|42|ft|m|0}} across the eastern wall of the massive mezzanine. The mural of the Southwest Desert is an adaptive work of art that changes colors and depths throughout the day and seasons including the sunrising on the horizon of the mural. An impressive oil painting by Audley Dean Nicols is just below the Tiffany-style window. Vaulted stained glass skylights run the full length of the lobby.

The San Bernardino Ranch, 14 miles east of the town of Douglas, was originally established in Mexico and covered thousands of acres. The new US-Mexico border of the Gadsden Purchase sliced through the ranch, thus reducing its US size. Today the ranch is called "Slaughter Ranch," named after the lawman John Slaughter, who owned the ranch in the late 19th century and early 20th century.

The El Paso and Southwestern Railroad depot was an important train station. It transported copper to large manufacturing concerns in the east. The depot is considered one of the finest examples of railway architecture of the early 20th century. The building is now used for the Douglas police station and is just one of 400 buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Douglas.

The Douglas Grand Theatre was built in 1919 and was the largest theater between Los Angeles and San Antonio. Ginger Rogers, Anna Pavlova and John Philip Sousa are some of the famous faces to have graced the theater's stage. It also housed a tea room, candy store and barbershop in its glory days. For several Halloweens the Grand Theater was used as a "Haunted House" attraction. Today (2009) the theater is undergoing reconstruction, using private donations of money, supplies and labor.

The Douglas Jewish Cemetery was founded in 1904 near the Mexican border. It has nineteen recorded graves, and thirteen of the tombstones are not necessarily on the correct grave sites due to extensive vandalism. The cemetery was in use from 1912 to 1963. The cemetery was restored, re-fenced and cleaned in 1992 by students and numerous others. The cemetery is included in the State of Arizona of Historical Places.{{cite web| title=Douglas: Cochise County| url=http://www.iajgsjewishcemeteryproject.org/arizona-az/douglas-cochise-county.html| publisher=International Jewish Cemetery Project| access-date=January 12, 2013}}

Jose Grijalva is the 33rd Mayor of the city. He currently chairs the Finance Committee, overseeing the city's financial matters.{{Cite web |title=Mayor {{!}} Douglas, AZ |url=https://douglasaz.gov/324/Mayor |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=douglasaz.gov}}

The city of Douglas operates Douglas Rides, which provides local transportation.{{cite web|url=https://www.douglasaz.gov/283/Public-Transportation|title=Public Transportation|publisher=Douglas, AZ |access-date=October 20, 2018}} The city also operates Cochice Connection, which provides connections between Douglas, Bisbee, and Sierra Vista.{{Cite web| title = Schedule {{!}} Douglas, AZ| access-date = October 20, 2018| url = https://www.douglasaz.gov/481/Schedule}} Private shuttle services connect Douglas with Tucson and Phoenix.{{Cite web| title = Shuttle Service for Nogales, Naco, Agua Prieta, Sonora| accessdate = November 10, 2021| url = http://www.mexicandoctorsdir.com/sahuaro_shuttle.htm}}

Douglas is connected to Agua Prieta by the Douglas, Arizona Port of Entry. Also, Douglas Airport is located here. There are no airline services at this airport.

The Douglas Unified School District is responsible for public education. Schools include:{{cite web|url=http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/school_list.asp?Search=1&DistrictID=0402530 |title=Search Results |website=Nces.ed.gov |access-date=August 27, 2016}}

• Clawson Elementary School
• Douglas High School
• Faras Elementary School
• Joe Carlson Elementary School
• Paul H. Huber Middle School
• Sarah Marley Elementary School
• Stevenson Elementary School
• Ray Borane Middle School

• CAS Elementary, Middle, and High School
• Loretto Catholic School
• Omega Alpha Academy K-12 Charter School

• John D. Driggs, 50th mayor of Phoenix
• Manny Farber, stylist, film critic, and painter
• Evelyn Finley, actress and Hollywood stuntwoman
• Harold L. Humes (1926–1992), novelist and founder of The Paris Review literary magazineTeicholz, Tom. [https://www.huffingtonpost.com/tom-teicholz/doc-on-pbs-the-life-and-f_b_149538.html "Doc on PBS: The life and fictions of Harold Humes"], Huffington Post, May 25, 2011. Accessed December 10, 2018. "Harold L. Humes was born in 1926 in Douglas, Arizona. His father was a chemical engineer. The family moved to Princeton New Jersey where Humes attended high school and got the nickname 'Doc', based on the crazy scientist character 'Doc Huer' in the Buck Rogers comics."
• Stan Jones (1914–1963), musician
• Robert Krentz, rancher who was murdered in 2010 by a suspected undocumented immigrant.
• Gil Lefebvre (1910–1987), football player
• Lorna E. Lockwood, first female chief justice of a state supreme court
• Bill Melendez, animator, film producer, and film director; best known as the voice of Snoopy and Woodstock
• Mike Pagel, former NFL quarterback
• Jack Lund Schofield, Nevada state legislator
• "Texas John" Slaughter, Cochise County Sheriff (1841–1922) and a champion for Arizona's statehood
• Effie Anderson Smith (1869–1955), impressionist painter of desert landscapes
• Thornton Wilder, Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright and novelist{{cite web|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/thornton-wilders-desert-oasis-30864552/ |title=History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places | Smithsonian |website=Smithsonianmag.com |access-date=August 27, 2016}}

{{Portal|Arizona}}

• The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean (1972)
• Arizona Dream (1993)
• Pontiac Moon (1994)
• Terminal Velocity (1994)

{{Reflist}}

{{commons category}}

{{wikivoyage|Douglas (Arizona)}}

{{Collier's poster|Douglas (Arizona)|Douglas, Arizona}}

• [http://www.douglasaz.gov/ City of Douglas official website]
• [http://www.greaterdouglaschamber.com/ Greater Douglas Chamber of Commerce] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123132705/http://www.greaterdouglaschamber.com/ |date=November 23, 2016 }}
• [http://www.city-data.com/city/Douglas-Arizona.html CityData]
• [https://archive.org/stream/nationalmagazine22brayrich#page/n572/mode/1up "The Smelter City of the Southwest"], National Magazine, July 1905 (with historic photos)

{{Cochise County, Arizona}}

{{authority control}}

Category:Cities in Arizona

Category:Cities in Cochise County, Arizona

Category:Micropolitan areas of Arizona

Category:Mexico–United States border crossings

Category:Populated places established in 1905

Category:1905 establishments in Arizona Territory