:E1 Series Shinkansen
{{short description|Japanese high speed train type}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox train
| name = E1 series
| image = JReastE1 Omiya 20120918.jpg
| imagesize = 300px
| caption = E1 series train set M5 in September 2012
| service = 15 July 1994 – 28 September 2012 ({{age in years and days|1994|7|15|2012|9|28}})
| manufacturer = Hitachi, Kawasaki Heavy Industries
| family = Max
| yearconstruction = 1994–1995
| refurbishment = 2003–2006
| yearscrapped = 2012
| numberconstruction =
| numberbuilt = 72 vehicles (6 sets)
| numberservice = None
| numberpreserved = 1 vehicle
| numberscrapped = 71 vehicles
| formation = 12 cars per trainset
| fleetnumbers = M1–M6
| capacity = 1,235
| operator = JR East
| depots = Sendai, Niigata
| lines = Tohoku Shinkansen, Joetsu Shinkansen
| carbody = Steel
| carlength = End cars: {{convert|26.05|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}}
Intermediate cars: {{convert|25|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|3430|mm|ftin|0|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|4493|mm|ftin|0|abbr=on}}
| floorheight =
| doors = Two per side
| maxspeed = {{convert|240|km/h|mph|abbr=on|1}}
| weight =
| acceleration = {{convert|1.6|km/h/s|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| deceleration =
| traction = (AC) MT204 (24 x 410 kW)
| poweroutput = {{convert|9.84|MW|hp|0|abbr=on}}
| transmission =
| aux =
| hvac =
| powersupply =
| electricsystem = 25 kV AC, 50 Hz, overhead catenary
| collectionmethod = PS201 pantograph
| bogies = DT205 (motored), TR7003 (trailer)
| brakes =
| coupling =
| multipleworking = None
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1435 mm|allk=on}}
}}
The {{Nihongo|E1 series|E1系}} was a high-speed Shinkansen train type operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in Japan from July 1994 until September 2012. They were the first double-deck trains built for Japan's Shinkansen. They were generally, along with their fellow double-deck class the E4 series, known by the marketing name "Max" (Multi-Amenity eXpress).{{cite book| script-title=ja: JR全車輌ハンドブック2006 |trans-title=JR Rolling Stock Handbook 2006| publisher = Neko Publishing| year = 2006| location = Japan| isbn = 4-7770-0453-8}} The fleet was withdrawn from regular service on 28 September 2012.
Originally intended to be classified as 600 series,{{cite book| last = Yamanouchi| first = Shūichirō| script-title=ja: 東北・上越新幹線 |trans-title=Tohoku & Joetsu Shinkansen| publisher = JTB Can Books| year = 2002| location = Tokyo, Japan| page = 147| isbn = 4-533-04513-8}} the E1 series trains were introduced specifically to relieve overcrowding on services used by commuters on the Tohoku Shinkansen and Joetsu Shinkansen.
Operations
E1 series sets were used on the following services.{{cite book |script-title=ja: JR電車編成表 2012夏 |trans-title=JR EMU Formations – Summer 2012| publisher = Kotsu Shimbunsha| date = May 2012| location = Japan| page = 14| isbn = 978-4-330-28612-9}}
- Joetsu Shinkansen
- Max Asahi (July 1994 – November 2002)
- Max Tanigawa (until September 2012)
- Max Toki (until 28 September 2012)
- Tohoku Shinkansen
- Max Nasuno (until December 1999)
- Max Yamabiko (July 1994 – December 1999)
Interior
The E1 series was the first revenue-earning shinkansen to feature 3+3 abreast seating in standard class for increased seating capacity. The upper deck saloons of non-reserved cars 1 to 4 were arranged 3+3 with no individual armrests, and did not recline. The lower decks of these cars, and the reserved-seating saloons in cars 5 to 12 had regular 2+3 seating. The Green car saloons on the upper decks of cars 9 to 11 had 2+2 seating. The trains had a total seating capacity of 1,235 passengers.{{cite book| title = The 新幹線 |trans-title=The Shinkansen| publisher = Sansuisha| year = 2001| location = Japan}}
=Pre-refurbishment=
File:E1 green upper Gala-Yuzawa 20020101.JPG|Green car upper deck in January 2002
File:E1 std upper reserved Gala-Yuzawa 20020101.JPG|Standard class reserved car upper deck in January 2002
File:E1 std upper non-reserved Gala-Yuzawa 20020101.JPG|Standard class non-reserved car upper deck with non-reclining 3+3 seating in January 2002
File:E1 std lower reserved Gala-Yuzawa 20020101.JPG|Standard class reserved car lower deck in January 2002
File:E1 std lower non-reserved Gala-Yuzawa 20020101.JPG|Standard class non-reserved car lower deck in January 2002
=Post-refurbishment=
File:JR East E1series E146-3 Green reserve seat.jpg|Car 11 Green car upper deck in October 2011
File:JR East E1series E146-3 reserve seat.jpg|Car 11 standard class reserved car lower deck in October 2011
Formation
The fleet of 12-car sets, numbered M1 to M6, were formed as follows, with car 1 at the Tokyo end.{{cite book |script-title=ja: JR電車編成表 2009夏 |trans-title=JR EMU Formations – Summer 2009| publisher = JRR| date = June 2009| location = Japan| page = 8| isbn = 978-4-330-06909-8}}
| class="wikitable" |
| Car No.
! 1 ! 2 ! 3 ! 4 ! 5 ! 6 ! 7 ! 8 ! 9 ! 10 ! 11 ! 12 |
|---|
| Designation
| T1c | M1 | M2 | T1 | T2 | M1 | M2 | Tpk | Tps | M1s | M2s | T2c |
| Numbering
| E153-100 | E155-100 | E156-100 | E158-100 | E159 | E155 | E156 | E158-200 | E148 | E145 | E146 | E154 |
| Seating capacity
| 86 | colspan="2" | 121 | 135 | 124 | colspan="2" | 110 | 91 | 75 | colspan="2" | 91 | 80 |
| Weight (t)
| 56.2 | 59.2 | 61.2 | 53.7 | 53.6 | 59.2 | 61.7 | 55.2 | 54.6 | 59.2 | 62.0 | 56.5 |
Cars 6 and 10 were each equipped with a PS201 scissors-type pantograph.
Fleet details
| class="wikitable" |
| Set No.
!Manufacturer !Delivered !Reliveried !Refurbished !DS-ATC added !Withdrawn |
|---|
| M1
| 3 March 1994 | 17 September 2004 | 10 July 2004 | 15 September 2005 |
| M2
| Hitachi | 23 March 1994 | 27 November 2004 | 4 June 2005 | 5 August 2005 |
| M3
| Hitachi / Kawasaki Heavy Industries | 6 February 1995 | 26 December 2003 | 31 March 2004 | 2 November 2005 |
| M4
| Hitachi | 17 October 1995 | 25 November 2003 | 2 October 2003 | 2 February 2006 |
| M5
| Kawasaki Heavy Industries | 3 November 1995 | 11 March 2006 | 6 June 2006 | 11 March 2006 |
| M6
| Hitachi / Kawasaki Heavy Industries | 22 November 1995 | 27 November 2005 | 23 December 2005 | 27 November 2005 |
(Sources:{{cite magazine| script-title=ja: 東北新幹線 30年の歴史を振り返る|trans-title=Tohoku Shinkansen: Looking back over 30 years of history |magazine=Tetsudō Daiya Jōhō Magazine| volume = 41| issue = 339| page =24| publisher = Kotsu Shimbun| location = Japan| date = July 2012}})
History
The first E1 series set, M1, was delivered to Sendai Depot on 3 March 1994, sporting "DDS E1" logos (DDS standing for double-deck shinkansen).{{cite book |script-title=ja: JR電車編成表 '98夏号 |trans-title=JR EMU Formations – Summer 1998| publisher = JRR| date = July 1998| location = Japan| page = 6| isbn = 4-88283-029-9}}
ローカル鉄道途中下車の旅 The first two E1 series sets delivered entered revenue-earning service on the Tohoku Shinkansen on 15 July 1994, with the original "DDS" logos replaced by "Max" logos. The original livery was "sky grey" on the upper body side and "silver grey" on the lower body side, separated by a "peacock green" stripe.
From 4 December 1999, all six trainsets were transferred from Sendai Depot to Niigata Depot, with operations limited to use on Joetsu Shinkansen Max Asahi and Max Tanigawa services only.
{{Clear}}
=Refurbishment=
File:JR East Shinkansen E1(renewal).jpg
From late 2003, the fleet underwent refurbishment, which included the installation of new seating and repainting in a new livery of "stratus white" on the upper body side and "aster blue" on the lower body side, separated by a "ibis pink" stripe.
All cars were made no-smoking from the start of the revised timetable on 18 March 2007.
{{Clear}}
=Withdrawal=
The first two sets were officially withdrawn in April 2012: M1 on 2 April, and M2 on 14 April. The remaining fleet was withdrawn from service from the start of the revised timetable on 29 September 2012.{{cite web |url= http://www.jreast.co.jp/press/2012/20120708.pdf|script-title=ja:2012年9月ダイヤ改正について|trans-title=September 2012 Timetable Revision Details|date= 6 July 2012|publisher= East Japan Railway Company|location= Japan|language= ja|page= 2|access-date= 6 July 2012}}
A special {{Nihongo|Thank you Max Asahi|ありがとうMaxあさひ号|Arigatō Max Asahi-gō}} service ran from Niigata to Tokyo on 27 October 2012 using an E1 series set,{{cite web|url=http://shinkansen-year2012.com/pdf/20120912_shinkansen_niigata.pdf |script-title=ja:おかげさまで上越新幹線開業30周年 |trans-title=Joetsu Shinkansen 30th Anniversary Celebrations |date=12 September 2012 |publisher=East Japan Railway Company, Niigata Division |location=Japan |language=ja |access-date=15 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920041820/http://shinkansen-year2012.com/pdf/20120912_shinkansen_niigata.pdf |archive-date=20 September 2012 }} followed by a final run from Tokyo to Niigata on 28 October 2012, using set M4.{{cite web |url= http://railf.jp/news/2012/10/29/123000.html|script-title=ja: E1系，営業運転から引退|trans-title=E1 series withdrawn from revenue service|date= 29 October 2012|work= Japan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 29 October 2012}}
Bodyside logos
Between 1 December 2001 and 31 March 2002, the E1 series fleet was adorned with "Alpen Super Express" logos as part of JR East's "JR + Snow" promotional campaign.
From mid August 2012 until the fleet's final withdrawal on 28 September, the remaining three sets had a second toki crested ibis added to their logos to celebrate the rare hatching of ibis chicks in the wild.{{cite web |url=http://www.jrniigata.co.jp/press/20120726jouetsushinkansenkaigyou30-event1.pdf |script-title=ja:上越新幹線E1系にも「朱鷺のひな」が誕生します |trans-title=Ibis chicks also to appear on Joetsu Shinkansen E1 series trains |date=26 July 2012 |publisher=East Japan Railway Company |location=Niigata, Japan |language=ja |access-date=27 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831220313/http://www.jrniigata.co.jp/press/20120726jouetsushinkansenkaigyou30-event1.pdf |archive-date=31 August 2012 }}
File:E1 Max logo M1 Omiya 20031202.JPG|Original "Max" logo in December 2003 prior to refurbishment
File:E1 Max logo Omiya 20020314.jpg|"Alpen Snow Express" promotional logo in March 2002
File:Shinkansen E1 Max Toki logo.jpg|"Max" logo on a refurbished set in April 2010
File:Shinkansen E1 Max Toki logo added.jpg|Modified "Max" logo in August 2012
Preserved examples
File:E1 Shinkansen the railway museum.jpg
One E1 series car is preserved: car E153-104 of set M4. This was moved to the Railway Museum in Saitama in December 2017, and is on display since spring 2018.{{cite web |url= http://railf.jp/news/2017/12/21/063000.html |script-title=ja: 鉄道博物館にE1系が搬入される |trans-title= E1 series moved to Railway Museum |date= 21 December 2017|work= Japan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= ja|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171221075919/http://railf.jp/news/2017/12/21/063000.html |archive-date= 21 December 2017|url-status=live |access-date= 21 December 2017}}
See also
- TGV Duplex, French double-deck high speed train
- List of high speed trains
References
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite book| last = Semmens| first = Peter| title = High Speed in Japan: Shinkansen – The World's Busiest High-speed Railway| publisher = Platform 5 Publishing| year = 1997| location = Sheffield, UK| isbn = 1-872524-88-5}}
{{refend}}
{{reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category|Shinkansen E1|E1 series Shinkansen}}
- {{cite web|url=http://www.jreast.co.jp/train/shinkan/e1.html |title=E1 series Max Toki/Max Tanigawa |access-date=2008-08-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722223020/http://www.jreast.co.jp/train/shinkan/e1.html |archive-date=22 July 2011 |language=ja}}
{{Shinkansen}}
{{High-speed rail}}
{{JR East EMU}}
Category:Shinkansen train series
Category:East Japan Railway Company
Category:Hitachi multiple units
Category:25 kV AC multiple units
Category:Kawasaki multiple units
Category:Train-related introductions in 1994
Category:Passenger trains running at least at 200 km/h in commercial operations