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:Elastic properties of the elements (data page)

{{Short description|Chemical data page}}

Elastic properties describe the reversible deformation (elastic response) of a material to an applied stress. They are a subset of the material properties that provide a quantitative description of the characteristics of a material, like its strength.

Material properties are most often characterized by a set of numerical parameters called moduli. The elastic properties can be well-characterized by the Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, Bulk modulus, and Shear modulus or they may be described by the Lamé parameters.

Young's modulus

class="wikitable sortable"

|+ Young's modulus E {{nobold|1=(GPa)}}

! number !! symbol !! name

! use

! {{abbr|WEL|webelements.com}}

Values from WebElements presumably are also at room temperature.

As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources:

  • A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.
  • G.W.C. Kaye and T. H. Laby in Tables of physical and chemical constants, Longman, London, UK, 15th edition, 1993.
  • G.V. Samsonov (Ed.) in Handbook of the physicochemical properties of the elements, IFI-Plenum, New York, USA, 1968.
  • D.R. Lide, (Ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998.

! {{abbr|CRC|CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics}}

Values from CRC refer to room temperature.

As quoted in an online version of:

  • David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Physical Properties of the Rare Earth Metals

which further refers to:

  • Scott, T., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 591.

3Lilithium

| 4.9

4.9
4Beberyllium

| 287

287
11Nasodium

| 10

10
12Mgmagnesium

| 45

45
13Alaluminium

| 70

70
14Sisilicon

| 130–188

130–188
20Cacalcium

| 20

20
21Scscandium

| 74.4

7474.4
22Tititanium

| 116

116
23Vvanadium

| 128

128
24Crchromium

| 279

279
25Mnmanganese

| 198

198
26Feiron

| 211

211
27Cocobalt

| 209

209
28Ninickel

| 200

200
29Cucopper

| 130

130
30Znzinc

| 108

108
33Asarsenic

| 8

8
34Seselenium

| 10

10
37Rbrubidium

| 2.4

2.4
39Yyttrium

| 63.5

6463.5
40Zrzirconium

| 68

68
41Nbniobium

| 105

105
42Momolybdenum

| 329

329
44Ruruthenium

| 447

447
45Rhrhodium

| 275

275 (possibly incorrect{{Cite book|last=Cardarelli|first=François|date=2018|title=Materials Handbook|language=en|pages=567|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-38925-7_4}})
46Pdpalladium

| 121

121
47Agsilver

| 83

83
48Cdcadmium

| 50

50
49Inindium

| 11

11
50Sntin

| 50

50
51Sbantimony

| 55

55
52Tetellurium

| 43

43
55Cscaesium

| 1.7

1.7
56Babarium

| 13

13
57Lalanthanum

| (α form) 36.6

37(α form) 36.6
58Cecerium

| (γ form) 33.6

34(γ form) 33.6
59Prpraseodymium

| (α form) 37.3

37(α form) 37.3
60Ndneodymium

| (α form) 41.4

41(α form) 41.4
61Pmpromethium

| (α form) est. 46

46(α form) est. 46
62Smsamarium

| (α form) 49.7

50(α form) 49.7
63Eueuropium

| 18.2

1818.2
64Gdgadolinium

| (α form) 54.8

55(α form) 54.8
65Tbterbium

| (α form) 55.7

56(α form) 55.7
66Dydysprosium

| (α form) 61.4

61(α form) 61.4
67Hoholmium

| 64.8

6564.8
68Ererbium

| 69.9

7069.9
69Tmthulium

| 74.0

7474.0
70Ybytterbium

| (β form) 23.9

24(β form) 23.9
71Lulutetium

| 68.6

6968.6
72Hfhafnium

| 78

78
73Tatantalum

| 186

186
74Wtungsten

| 411

411
75Rerhenium

| 463

463
77Iriridium

| 528

528
78Ptplatinum

| 168

168
79Augold

| 78

78
81Tlthallium

| 8

8
82Pblead

| 16

16
83Bibismuth

| 32

32
90Ththorium

| 79

79
92Uuranium

| 208

208
94Puplutonium

| 96

96

Poisson's ratio

class="wikitable sortable"

|+ Poisson's ratio \nu {{nobold|1=(dimensionless)}}

! number !! symbol !! name

! use

! {{abbr|WEL|webelements.com}}

! {{abbr|CRC|CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics}}

4Beberyllium

| 0.032

0.032
12Mgmagnesium

| 0.29

0.29
13Alaluminium

| 0.35

0.35
20Cacalcium

| 0.31

0.31
21Scscandium

| 0.279

0.280.279
22Tititanium

| 0.32

0.32
23Vvanadium

| 0.37

0.37
24Crchromium

| 0.21

0.21
26Feiron

| 0.29

0.29
27Cocobalt

| 0.31

0.31
28Ninickel

| 0.31

0.31
29Cucopper

| 0.34

0.34
30Znzinc

| 0.25

0.25
34Seselenium

| 0.33

0.33
38Srstrontium

| 0.28

0.28
39Yyttrium

| 0.243

0.240.243
40Zrzirconium

| 0.34

0.34
41Nbniobium

| 0.40

0.40
42Momolybdenum

| 0.31

0.31
44Ruruthenium

| 0.30

0.30
45Rhrhodium

| 0.26

0.26
46Pdpalladium

| 0.39

0.39
47Agsilver

| 0.37

0.37
48Cdcadmium

| 0.30

0.30
50Sntin

| 0.36

0.36
57Lalanthanum

| (α form) 0.280

0.28(α form) 0.280
58Cecerium

| (γ form) 0.24

0.24(γ form) 0.24
59Prpraseodymium

| (α form) 0.281

0.28(α form) 0.281
60Ndneodymium

| (α form) 0.281

0.28(α form) 0.281
61Pmpromethium

| (α form) est. 0.28

0.28(α form) est. 0.28
62Smsamarium

| (α form) 0.274

0.27(α form) 0.274
63Eueuropium

| 0.152

0.150.152
64Gdgadolinium

| (α form) 0.259

0.26(α form) 0.259
65Tbterbium

| (α form) 0.261

0.26(α form) 0.261
66Dydysprosium

| (α form) 0.247

0.25(α form) 0.247
67Hoholmium

| 0.231

0.230.231
68Ererbium

| 0.237

0.240.237
69Tmthulium

| 0.213

0.210.213
70Ybytterbium

| (β form) 0.207

0.21(β form) 0.207
71Lulutetium

| 0.261

0.260.261
72Hfhafnium

| 0.37

0.37
73Tatantalum

| 0.34

0.34
74Wtungsten

| 0.28

0.28
75Rerhenium

| 0.30

0.30
76Ososmium

| 0.25

0.25
77Iriridium

| 0.26

0.26
78Ptplatinum

| 0.38

0.38
79Augold

| 0.44

0.44
81Tlthallium

| 0.45

0.45
82Pblead

| 0.44

0.44
83Bibismuth

| 0.33

0.33
90Ththorium

| 0.27

0.27
92Uuranium

| 0.23

0.23
94Puplutonium

| 0.21

0.21

Bulk modulus

class="wikitable sortable"

|+ Bulk modulus K {{nobold|(GPa)}}

! number !! symbol !! name

! use

! {{abbr|WEL|webelements.com}}

! {{abbr|CRC|CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics}}

! other

3Lilithium

| 11

11
4Beberyllium

| 130

130
5Bboron

| (β form) 185

320β 185(7) GPa, α 224(15) GPa{{cite journal | url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.47.7668 | doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.47.7668 | title=Neutron- and x-ray-diffraction measurements of the bulk modulus of boron | year=1993 | last1=Nelmes | first1=R. J. | last2=Loveday | first2=J. S. | last3=Allan | first3=D. R. | last4=Besson | first4=J. M. | last5=Hamel | first5=G. | last6=Grima | first6=P. | last7=Hull | first7=S. | journal=Physical Review B | volume=47 | issue=13 | pages=7668–7673 | pmid=10004773 | bibcode=1993PhRvB..47.7668N | url-access=subscription }}
6Ccarbon

| 33

33
11Nasodium

| 6.3

6.3
12Mgmagnesium

| 45

45
13Alaluminium

| 76

76
14Sisilicon

| 100

100
15Pphosphorus

| 11

11
16Ssulfur

| 7.7

7.7
17Clchlorine

|

(liquid) 1.1
19Kpotassium

| 3.1

3.1
20Cacalcium

| 17

17
21Scscandium

| 56.6

5756.6
22Tititanium

| 110

110
23Vvanadium

| 160

160
24Crchromium

| 160

160
25Mnmanganese

| 120

120
26Feiron

| 170

170
27Cocobalt

| 180

180
28Ninickel

| 180

180
29Cucopper

| 140

140
30Znzinc

| 70

70
31Gagallium

| 56

56 average{{Cite web|url=https://www.azom.com/articles.aspx|title=Materials Science Articles | Latest Science Articles | Scientific Development|website=AZoM.com|accessdate=30 December 2022}}
32Gegermanium

| 75.8

75.8{{cite book | chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F10551045_235 | doi=10.1007/10551045_235 | chapter=Germanium (Ge) bulk modulus | title=Group IV Elements, IV-IV and III-V Compounds. Part a - Lattice Properties | series=Landolt-Börnstein - Group III Condensed Matter | year=2001 | pages=1–6 | isbn=3-540-64070-3 }}
33Asarsenic

| 22

22
34Seselenium

| 8.3

8.3
35Brbromine

|

1.9
37Rbrubidium

| 2.5

2.5
39Yyttrium

| 41.2

4141.2
41Nbniobium

| 170

170
42Momolybdenum

| 230

230
44Ruruthenium

| 220

220
45Rhrhodium

| 380

380 (possibly incorrect)
46Pdpalladium

| 180

180
47Agsilver

| 100

100
48Cdcadmium

| 42

42
50Sntin

| 58

58
51Sbantimony

| 42

42
52Tetellurium

| 65

65
53Iiodine

| 7.7

7.7
55Cscaesium

| 1.6

1.6
56Babarium

| 9.6

9.6
57Lalanthanum

| (α form) 27.9

28(α form) 27.9
58Cecerium

| (γ form) 21.5

22(γ form) 21.5
59Prpraseodymium

| (α form) 28.8

29(α form) 28.8
60Ndneodymium

| (α form) 31.8

32(α form) 31.8
61Pmpromethium

| (α form) est. 33

33(α form) est. 33
62Smsamarium

| (α form) 37.8

38(α form) 37.8
63Eueuropium

| 8.3

8.38.3
64Gdgadolinium

| (α form) 37.9

38(α form) 37.9
65Tbterbium

| (α form) 38.7

38.7(α form) 38.7
66Dydysprosium

| (α form) 40.5

41(α form) 40.5
67Hoholmium

| 40.2

4040.2
68Ererbium

| 44.4

4444.4
69Tmthulium

| 44.5

4544.5
70Ybytterbium

| (β form) 30.5

31(β form) 30.5
71Lulutetium

| 47.6

4847.6
72Hfhafnium

| 110

110
73Tatantalum

| 200

200
74Wtungsten

| 310

310
75Rerhenium

| 370

370
76Ososmium

| 462

462{{cite journal|url=http://www.nsls.bnl.gov/newsroom/science/2002/05-Cynn.htm|author1=H. Cynn |author2=J. E. Klepeis |author3=C.-S. Yoo |author4=D. A. Young |title=Osmium has the Lowest Experimentally Determined Compressibility|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=88, 135701|year=2002|issue=13 |page=135701 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.135701 |pmid=11955108 |bibcode=2002PhRvL..88m5701C |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060110203516/http://www.nsls.bnl.gov/newsroom/science/2002/05-Cynn.htm |archive-date=2006-01-10 |url-access=subscription }}
77Iriridium

| 320

320
78Ptplatinum

| 230

230
79Augold

| 180

180
80Hgmercury

|

25
81Tlthallium

| 43

43
82Pblead

| 46

46
83Bibismuth

| 31

31
90Ththorium

| 54

54
92Uuranium

| 100

100

Shear modulus

class="wikitable sortable"

|+ Shear modulus G {{nobold|1=(GPa)}}

! number !! symbol !! name

! use

! {{abbr|WEL|webelements.com}}

! {{abbr|CRC|CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics}}

3Lilithium

| 4.2

4.2
4Beberyllium

| 132

132
11Nasodium

| 3.3

3.3
12Mgmagnesium

| 17

17
13Alaluminium

| 26

26
19Kpotassium

| 1.3

1.3
20Cacalcium

| 7.4

7.4
21Scscandium

| 29.1

2929.1
22Tititanium

| 44

44
23Vvanadium

| 47

47
24Crchromium

| 115

115
26Feiron

| 82

82
27Cocobalt

| 75

75
28Ninickel

| 76

76
29Cucopper

| 48

48
30Znzinc

| 43

43
34Seselenium

| 3.7

3.7
38Srstrontium

| 6.1

6.1
39Yyttrium

| 25.6

2625.6
40Zrzirconium

| 33

33
41Nbniobium

| 38

38
42Momolybdenum

| 120

120
44Ruruthenium

| 173

173
45Rhrhodium

| 150

150
46Pdpalladium

| 44

44
47Agsilver

| 30

30
48Cdcadmium

| 19

19
50Sntin

| 18

18
51Sbantimony

| 20

20
52Tetellurium

| 16

16
56Babarium

| 4.9

4.9
57Lalanthanum

| (α form) 14.3

14(α form) 14.3
58Cecerium

| (γ form) 13.5

14(γ form) 13.5
59Prpraseodymium

| (α form) 14.8

15(α form) 14.8
60Ndneodymium

| (α form) 16.3

16(α form) 16.3
61Pmpromethium

| (α form) est. 18

18(α form) est. 18
62Smsamarium

| (α form) 19.5

20(α form) 19.5
63Eueuropium

| 7.9

7.97.9
64Gdgadolinium

| (α form) 21.8

22(α form) 21.8
65Tbterbium

| (α form) 22.1

22(α form) 22.1
66Dydysprosium

| (α form) 24.7

25(α form) 24.7
67Hoholmium

| 26.3

2626.3
68Ererbium

| 28.3

2828.3
69Tmthulium

| 30.5

3130.5
70Ybytterbium

| (β form) 9.9

9.9(β form) 9.9
71Lulutetium

| 27.2

2727.2
72Hfhafnium

| 30

30
73Tatantalum

| 69

69
74Wtungsten

| 161

161
75Rerhenium

| 178

178
76Ososmium

| 222

222
77Iriridium

| 210

210
78Ptplatinum

| 61

61
79Augold

| 27

27
81Tlthallium

| 2.8

2.8
82Pblead

| 5.6

5.6
83Bibismuth

| 12

12
90Ththorium

| 31

31
92Uuranium

| 111

111
94Puplutonium

| 43

43

References

{{Reflist}}

See also

{{Navbox elements data}}

{{Navbox periodic table}}

Category:Chemical properties

Category:Chemical element data pages