:FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives
{{short description|American most wanted list}}
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{{Use American English|date=March 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2020}}
File:Leslie Ibsen Rogge 1973 from Nish Publishing Company.jpg (pictured here in 1973) became the first person on the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list to be apprehended due to the FBI's then-new home page on the internet.]]
The FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives is a most wanted list maintained by the United States's Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The list arose from a conversation held in late 1949 between J. Edgar Hoover, Director of the FBI, and William Kinsey Hutchinson,{{cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/ten-most-wanted-fugitives-faq|title=Facts on the Program|publisher=FBI Director|access-date=13 April 2022}} International News Service (the predecessor of the United Press International) editor-in-chief, who were discussing ways to promote capture of the FBI's "toughest guys". This discussion turned into a published article, which received so much positive publicity that on March 14, 1950, the FBI officially announced the list to increase law enforcement's ability to capture dangerous fugitives.{{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-fbi-debuts-10-most-wanted|title=This Day in History 1950: The FBI debuts 10 Most Wanted |publisher=History.com |access-date=June 20, 2008}} The first person added to the list was Thomas J. Holden, a robber and member of the Holden–Keating Gang on the day of the list's inception.{{Cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/topten-history/hires_images/FBI-001-ThomasJamesHolden.jpg/view|title=1. Thomas James Holden}}
Individuals are generally only removed from the list if they are captured, die, or if the charges against them are dropped; they are then replaced by a new entry selected by the FBI. In eleven cases, the FBI removed individuals from the list after deciding that they were no longer a "particularly dangerous menace to society". Machetero member Víctor Manuel Gerena, added to the list in 1984, was on the list for 32 years, which was longer than anyone else. Billie Austin Bryant spent the shortest amount of time on the list, being listed for two hours in 1969.{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/community/chat/2001-03-21-fbi.htm |title=Ask the FBI.: The Ten Most Wanted list |work=USA Today |date=March 21, 2001|access-date=September 6, 2020}} The oldest person to be added to the list was Eugene Palmer on May 29, 2019, at 80 years old. On rare occasions, the FBI will add a "Number Eleven" if that individual is extremely dangerous but the Bureau does not feel any of the current ten should be removed.{{cite book|last= Douglas|first= John|author2= Mark Olshaker|title= The Anatomy of Motive: The FBI's Legendary Mindhunter Explores the Key to Understanding and Catching Violent Criminals|publisher= Mindhunters, Inc.|date= July 1999|isbn= 0-671-02393-4|url-access= registration|url= https://archive.org/details/anatomyofmotive00doug}} Despite occasional references in the media, the FBI does not rank their list; no suspect is considered "#1 on the FBI's Most Wanted List" or "The Most Wanted".
The list is commonly posted in public places such as post offices. Some people on the list have turned themselves in.{{refn|Examples being Heather Tallchief in 2005{{Cite web |title=One of FBI's Most Wanted fugitives turns herself in |url=https://www.wistv.com/story/3855196/one-of-fbis-most-wanted-fugitives-turns-herself-in |access-date=2022-03-09 |language=en|date=September 19, 2005|website=wistv.com}} and Robert Van Wisse in 2017.{{Cite web |last=Marfin |first=Catherine |title=Former UT student, FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitive turns himself in after three decades on the run |url=https://thedailytexan.com/2017/01/31/former-ut-student-fbi-ten-most-wanted-fugitive-turns-himself-in-after-three-decades-on/ |access-date=2022-03-09 |website=The Daily Texan}}}} On May 18, 1996, after surrendering at the U.S. embassy in Guatemala City, Leslie Isben Rogge became the first person on the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list to be apprehended due to the FBI's then-new home page on the internet.{{cite news|title=FBI Web Site Helps Snag a Fugitive |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1996/05/20/fbi-web-site-helps-snag-a-fugitive/4a65366c-dd54-42e4-a3b2-caaa8b44afe7/ |newspaper=The Washington Post|url-access=limited|access-date=September 6, 2020|date=May 20, 1996|page=D8|agency=Reuters|via=Proquest}} The FBI maintains other lists of individuals, including the FBI Most Wanted Terrorists,{{cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/wanted_terrorists |title=FBI Most Wanted Terrorists |publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation |access-date=December 28, 2016}} along with crime alerts, missing persons, and other fugitive lists.
On June 17, 2013, the list reached a cumulative total of 500 fugitives having been listed.{{cite web|title=Alleged rapist, killer added to FBI's 'Most Wanted' list|url=http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/06/17/19004556-alleged-rapist-killer-added-to-fbis-most-wanted-list|work=NBC News|access-date=June 18, 2013}} As of March 17, 2025, 535 fugitives had been listed, eleven of them women, and 497 of them were captured or located (93%), 163 (31%) of them due to public assistance.{{Cite web |url=https://www.fbi.gov/audio-repository/wanted-podcast-top-ten-list-69th-anniversary-031419.mp3/ |title=Wanted by the FBI: Another Milestone for the Ten Most Wanted Fugitives List|access-date=March 17, 2019 |date=March 14, 2019 |publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation}}
New additions
The Criminal Investigative Division (CID) at FBI Headquarters calls upon all 56 Field Offices to submit candidates for the FBI's "Ten Most Wanted Fugitives" list.{{Cite web|title=Ten Most Wanted Fugitives Program |url=https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/ten-most-wanted-fugitives-faq |publisher=FBI |access-date=February 17, 2013}} The nominees received are reviewed by special agents in the CID and the Office of Public Affairs. The selection of the proposed candidates is forwarded to the assistant director of the CID for their approval and then to the FBI's Director for final approval. This process takes some time, which is why James Joseph "Whitey" Bulger Jr., who was arrested in Santa Monica, California on June 22, 2011,Melley, Brian and Greg Risling (June 23, 2011). "FBI arrests mob boss Whitey Bulger in Calif." Associated Press. remained on the list until May 9, 2012,{{cite web|url = https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten|title=FBI Ten Most Wanted |access-date=November 27, 2011}} despite no longer being at large. Osama bin Laden similarly remained on the list for almost a year after his death at the hands of U.S. forces on May 2, 2011.{{cite news |title=FBI replaces bin Laden on Ten Most Wanted list |first=Jeremy |last=Pelofsky |agency=Reuters |website=Yahoo! News |date=April 10, 2012}}
On occasion, fugitives have been added to the list at the request of local law enforcement. For example, Bureau director Clarence M. Kelley added Twymon Myers to the list in 1973 at the request of New York City Police Commissioner Donald Cawley.{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/11/15/archives/fugitive-black-militant-is-killed-in-bronx-shootout-with-police.html|title=Fugitive Black Militant Is Killed In Bronx Shootout With Police|website=The New York Times|first=John T.|last=McQuiston|date=15 November 1973}}
Former lists
{{main|Former FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives}}
List as of April 2025
Rewards are offered for information leading to capture of fugitives on the list; the reward is a minimum of $250,000 (until May 2023: $100,000) for all fugitives.
See also
{{Portal|United States|Law}}
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
- {{official website|http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten }}
- [https://tips.fbi.gov/home FBI Tip Line]
- {{Twitter|id=fbimostwanted|name=FBI Most Wanted}}
- {{YouTube channel|fbi|c=https://www.youtube.com/@fbi|handle=@fbi|text=FBI – Federal Bureau of Investigation YouTube}}
- [https://www.fbi.gov/news/news_blog/ten-most-wanted-fugitives-list-is-turning-65-years-old Ten most wanted fugitives list is turning 65 years old]—FBI news blog
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20080511195200/http://www.amw.com/fugitives/most_wanted_lists.cfm Additional information from America's Most Wanted]
{{FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives by year}}
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