:Forest product

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations publishes an annual yearbook of forest products. The FAO Yearbook of Forest Products{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/019/i3732m/i3732m.pdf|title=FAO Yearbook of Forest Products 2012|website=fao.org/forestry/statistics/80570/en/|publisher=FAO|access-date=31 July 2014}} is a compilation of statistical data on basic forest products for all countries and territories of the world. It contains series of annual data on the volume of production and the volume and value of trade in forest products. It includes tables showing direction of trade and average unit values of trade for certain products. Statistical information in the yearbook is based primarily on data provided to the FAO Forestry Department by the countries through questionnaires or official publications. In the absence of official data, FAO makes an estimate based on the best information available. FAO also publishes an annual survey of pulp and paper production capacities around the world.{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3961t.pdf|title=Pulp and paper capacity survey 2013-2018|website=fao.org/forestry/statistics/81757/en/|publisher=FAO|access-date=31 July 2014}} The survey presents statistics on pulp and paper capacity and production by country and by grade. The statistics are based on information submitted by correspondents worldwide, most of them pulp and paper associations, and represents 85% of the world production of paper and paperboard.

Based on these demands, the forest products can be further explored. Pulp and paper industry has high volume demand for the wood materials including both softwood and hardwood. Wood industry can consume large volume and varieties of wood products including logs, lumbers, furniture, and other products.

Producers of forest products are heavily depending on the forest types and ownership (see Forest). As woods are the dominant product of the forest product, the processes of producing wood products are important.{{Cite journal|last1=Heinrich|first1=R.|last2=Dykstra|first2=D. P.|date=1997|title=Forest harvesting and transport: Old problems, new solutions|url=https://www.cifor.org/library/336/|journal=Proceedings of the XI World Forestry Congress 13–22 October 1997, Antalya, Turkey|language=en|volume=3, D: productive fun}} The general processes for commercial land can include seedling production, site preparation, planting, applying fertilizers and herbicides, thinning (pre-commercial or commercial), and logging.{{Cite journal|last1=Wagner|first1=Francis G.|last2=Oneil|first2=Elaine|last3=Lippke|first3=Bruce|last4=Johnson|first4=Leonard|last5=Hubbard|first5=Steve|last6=Bergman|first6=Richard|last7=Puettmann|first7=Maureen E.|date=2010-03-22|title=Cradle-to-Gate Life-Cycle Inventory of us Wood Products Production: Corrim Phase I and Phase II Products|url=https://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/362|journal=Wood and Fiber Science|volume=42|pages=15–28|issn=0735-6161}} The processes may vary due to different species and spatial locations.{{Cite journal|last1=Johnson|first1=Leonard|last2=Lippke|first2=Bruce|last3=Oneil|first3=Elaine|date=July 2012|title=Modeling Biomass Collection and Woods Processing Life-Cycle Analysis*|journal=Forest Products Journal|volume=62|issue=4|pages=258–272|doi=10.13073/fpj-d-12-00019.1|issn=0015-7473}} Products category may include logs, lumbers, residues, etc. For non-timber forest products, the processes can have a large variety.{{Cite journal|last1=Arnold|first1=J. M.|last2=Pérez|first2=M. R.|date=2001|title=Can non-timber forest products match tropical forest conservation and development objectives?|journal=Ecological Economics|volume=39|issue=3|pages=437–447|doi=10.1016/S0921-8009(01)00236-1|bibcode=2001EcoEc..39..437A |hdl=10486/1313|hdl-access=free}}

In 2015, the United Nations set 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) as global goals from 2015 to 2030. As renewable resources on earth, forest products can assist in several SDGs in this agenda.

As forest products can provide a large variety of foods (e.g. nuts, fruits, sugar), hunger issue can be addressed by properly managing the forest.

Forests not only sequester carbon dioxide and provide oxygen but also play an essential role in our ecosystem. Forests are crucial to avoid soil erosion, control pollutants, balance the eco-system, and so on.{{cite web|url=http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1112753888/amazon-deforestation-microbial-communities-122512/|title=Deforestation In The Amazon Affects Microbial Life As Well As Ecosystems|last=Flowers|first=April|work=Science News|publisher=Redorbit.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502223155/http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1112753888/amazon-deforestation-microbial-communities-122512/|archive-date=2 May 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=12 March 2013|df=dmy-all}}

Forest products, including wood chips and forest residues, can be converted to bioethanol, biodfuel, biogas, and other bioenergy sources (see also Bioenergy).{{Cite journal|last1=Fischer|first1=G.|last2=Schrattenholzer|first2=L.|date=2001|title=Global bioenergy potentials through 2050|journal=Biomass and Bioenergy|volume=20|issue=3|pages=151–159|doi=10.1016/S0961-9534(00)00074-X|bibcode=2001BmBe...20..151F |url=http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/6527/1/RR-01-09.pdf}} Common conversion technologies can contain fermentation, pyrolysis, gasification, and other technologies.{{Cite journal|last1=Djomo|first1=Sylvestre Njakou|last2=Kasmioui|first2=Ouafik El|last3=Ceulemans|first3=Reinhart|date=2011|title=Energy and greenhouse gas balance of bioenergy production from poplar and willow: a review|journal=GCB Bioenergy|volume=3|issue=3|pages=181–197|doi=10.1111/j.1757-1707.2010.01073.x|s2cid=85777553|issn=1757-1707|doi-access=free|bibcode=2011GCBBi...3..181D }} These renewable energy sources can be a substitute for traditional fossil fuels.

FAO, which supported the classification of wood pellets in 2012 and has tracked them ever since, has found production jumping nearly 150 percent to 44 million tonnes by 2021: it largely ascribes this expansion to rising demand driven by the European Commission’s bioenergy targets.{{Cite book |url=https://doi.org/10.4060/cc7561en |title=Sustainability by numbers: Forest products at FAO |publisher=FAO |year=2023 |location=Rome |doi=10.4060/cc7561en |language=English}}

Forest products can work towards reducing global warming trends when sourced in sustainably managed forests. One core idea is that forest products themselves are storage for carbon dioxide. First, as mentioned above, bioenergy can replace fossil energy and reduce the greenhouse gas emissions although its combustion initially produces more GHG than fossil fuels per unit of produced energy: it takes [https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aaa512/meta several decades or even centuries] for new trees to re-absorb the carbon emitted by burning their predecessors. Second, timbers from forest can be sustainable construction materials. Rather than concrete that is hard for degradation and recycled, structural timbers can be recycled for re-use or for biodegradation.

{{See also|Sustainable forest management}}Many forest management policies have been implemented that impact forest product economics, including forest access restrictions, harvesting fees, and harvest limits. Deforestation, global warming and other environmental concerns have increasingly affected the availability and sustainability of forest products, as well as the economies of regions dependent upon forestry around the world. In recent years, the idea of sustainable forestry, which aims to preserve crop yields without causing irreversible damage to ecosystem health, has changed the relationship between environmentalists and the forest products industry. Stakeholders in the forest products industry include government departments, commercial enterprises, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), policy-makers and analysts, private and international organizations.

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• Agroforestry
• Board foot
• Clearcutting
• Cord (volume)
• Forest management
• Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)
• International Wood Products Journal
• Lumber yard
• Outline of forestry
• Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC)
• Silviculture
• Stere
• Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI)

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{{Free-content attribution

| title = Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 Key findings

| author = FAO

| publisher = FAO

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| documentURL = http://www.fao.org/3/CA8753EN/CA8753EN.pdf

| license statement URL = https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Global_Forest_Resources_Assessment_2020_%E2%80%93_Key_findings.pdf

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{{Reflist}}

• {{Cite Americana|wstitle=Tropical Forest Products|author=Harry Nichols Whitford|short=x}}
• [http://nfdp.ccfm.org/products/national_e.php Forests Products data in Canada since 1990] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912183307/http://nfdp.ccfm.org/products/national_e.php |date=2014-09-12 }}

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{{Wood products}}

{{Non-timber forest products}}

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Category:Logging

Category:Timber industry