:Formoterol

{{Short description|Long-acting bronchiodilator}}

{{distinguish|Fenoterol}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}

{{cs1 config |name-list-style=vanc |display-authors=6}}

{{Infobox drug

| verifiedrevid = 461113044

| image = Formoterol.svg

| image_class = skin-invert-image

| width = 230

| alt =

| image2 = Formoterol ball-and-stick model.png

| alt2 =

| caption = Formoterol (top),
(R,R)-(−)-formoterol (center) and
(S,S)-(+)-formoterol (bottom)

| chirality = Racemic mixture

| tradename = Oxeze, Foradil, Symbicort, others

| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|formoterol-fumarate}}

| pregnancy_AU = B3

| licence_EU = yes

| INN_EMA = formoterol fumarate dihydrate

| legal_AU = S4

| legal_CA =

| legal_NZ = Prescription only

| legal_UK = POM

| legal_US = Rx-only

| legal_EU = Rx-only

| legal_EU_comment = {{cite web|url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/psusa/formoterol-list-nationally-authorised-medicinal-products-psusa/00001469/202005_en.pdf |title=List of nationally authorised medicinal products|website=ema.europa.eu|access-date=17 June 2023}}

| legal_status = Rx-only

| routes_of_administration = Inhalation (capsules for oral inhalation, DPI, MDI)

| bioavailability =

| protein_bound = 61% to 64%

| metabolism = Liver demethylation and glucuronidation (CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9 and CYP2A6 involved)

| elimination_half-life = 10 h

| excretion = Kidney and fecal

| index_label =

| index2_label =

| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}

| CAS_number = 73573-87-2

| ATC_prefix = R03

| ATC_suffix = AC13

| ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|R03|CC15}}

| PubChem = 3083544

| PubChem2 = 3034756

| IUPHAR_ligand = 3465

| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}

| DrugBank = DB00983

| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}

| ChemSpiderID = 2340731

| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}

| UNII = 5ZZ84GCW8B

| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}

| KEGG = D07990

| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}

| ChEBI = 408174

| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}

| ChEMBL = 1363

| IUPAC_name = (RR,SS)-N-[2-hydroxy-5-[1-hydroxy-2-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl) propan-2-ylamino]ethyl] phenyl]formamide

| C=19 | H=24 | N=2 | O=4

| smiles = O=CNc1cc(ccc1O)[C@@H](O)CN[C@H](C)Cc2ccc(OC)cc2

| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}

| StdInChI = 1S/C19H24N2O4/c1-13(9-14-3-6-16(25-2)7-4-14)20-11-19(24)15-5-8-18(23)17(10-15)21-12-22/h3-8,10,12-13,19-20,23-24H,9,11H2,1-2H3,(H,21,22)/t13-,19+/m1/s1

| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}

| StdInChIKey = BPZSYCZIITTYBL-YJYMSZOUSA-N

}}

Formoterol, also known as eformoterol, is a long-acting β₂ agonist (LABA) used as a bronchodilator in the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Formoterol has an extended duration of action (up to 12 h) compared to short-acting β₂ agonists such as salbutamol (albuterol), which are effective for 4 h to 6 h. Formoterol has a relatively rapid onset of action compared to other LABAs, and is effective within 2-3 minutes.{{cite journal| author=Anderson GP| title=Formoterol: pharmacology, molecular basis of agonism, and mechanism of long duration of a highly potent and selective beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist bronchodilator. | journal=Life Sci | year= 1993 | volume= 52 | issue= 26 | pages= 2145–60 | pmid=8099696 | doi=10.1016/0024-3205(93)90729-m | pmc= | url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8099696 }} The 2022 Global Initiative for Asthma report {{cite report |author=Global Initiative for Asthma|date=2022 |title=Global Strategy for Asthma Prevention and Management (Updated 2022) |url=https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/GINA-Main-Report-2022-FINAL-22-07-01-WMS.pdf}} recommends a combination formoterol/inhaled corticosteroid inhaler as both a preventer and reliever treatment for asthma in adults. In children, a short-acting β₂ adrenergic agonist (e.g., salbutamol) is still recommended.

It was patented in 1972 and came into medical use in 1998.{{cite book | vauthors = Fischer J, Ganellin CR |title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery |date=2006 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9783527607495 |page=543 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA543 |language=en}} It is available as a generic medication.{{cite web | title=Competitive Generic Therapy Approvals | website=U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) | date=29 June 2023 | url=https://www.fda.gov/drugs/generic-drugs/competitive-generic-therapy-approvals | access-date=29 June 2023 | archive-date=29 June 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629233651/https://www.fda.gov/drugs/generic-drugs/competitive-generic-therapy-approvals | url-status=dead }} It is also marketed in the combination formulations budesonide/formoterol and mometasone/formoterol.