:Fulk FitzWarin

File:Arms of Fitzwarin.svg, 1285, briantimms.com, St George's Roll, part 1, no. E69]]

Fulk FitzWarin ({{c.|1160}} – c. 1258), variant spellings (Latinized Fulco filius Garini, Welsh Syr ffwg ap Gwarin), the third (Fulk III), was a prominent representative of a marcher family associated especially with estates in Shropshire (on the English border with Wales) and at Alveston in Gloucestershire. In young life (c. 1200 – 1203), early in the reign of King John (1199–1216), he won notoriety as the outlawed leader of a roving force striving to recover his familial right to Whittington Castle in Shropshire, which John had granted away to a Welsh claimant. Progressively rehabilitated, and enjoying his lordship, he endured further setbacks in 1215–1217.{{Cite DNB|wstitle= Fitzwarine, Fulk |volume= 19 |last= Tedder |first= Henry Richard |author-link= Henry Richard Tedder |pages= 223-224 |short=1}}

Thereafter, his connections with the court of Llywelyn ap Iorwerth and his usefulness to the English king placed him in the midst of a larger conflict in which he lost Whittington to Llywelyn for a year in 1223–1224, though that prince was said to have married his daughter. During the 1220s Fulk founded Alberbury Priory in Shropshire, which became the smallest and last established of the three English houses dependent upon the Order of Grandmont. Always ready to defend his rights, Fulk lived to a ripe old age and was buried at Alberbury beside his two wives, leaving heirs and daughters and a plentiful posterity among whom the name of Fulk FitzWarin was continuously renewed in later centuries. His grandson was Fulk V FitzWarin, 1st Baron FitzWarin (1251–1315).George Edward Cokayne The Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant Extinct or Dormant, ed. Vicary Gibbs; vol. V, p. 495, Baron FitzWarin.

After his death, Fulk became the subject of a popular "ancestral romance" in French verse, Fouke le Fitz Waryn, relating his life as an outlaw and his struggle to regain his patrimony from the king.T. Wright (ed. and transl.), The History of Fulk Fitz Warine, an Outlawed Baron in the Reign of King John, Warton Club, [https://archive.org/details/historyoffulkfit00wriguoft/page/176/mode/2up (London 1855)] (Internet Archive). This survives in a prose version, and combines historical material with legendary and fantastical elements which are heroic rather than strictly biographical.K. Bedford, 'Fouke le Fitz Waryn: Outlaw or Chivalric Hero?', in A.L. Kaufman (ed.), British Outlaws of Literature and History: Essays on Medieval and Early Modern Figures from Robin Hood to Twm Shon Catty, (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., 2011), p. 97.

Origins

Although the name Fitz Warin means "son of Warin", it was Fulk's grandfather, Fulk I FitzWarin, whose father's name was Warin, or Guarine, of Metz, in Lorraine.G.E. Cokayne, The Complete Peerage, V, p. 495, note (c)Suppe, F., 'Fitzwarine family (per. c. 1145-1315)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004), Vol. "F", pp. 953–4. Warin (who appears in the Romance of Fouke le Fitz Waryn as "Warin de Meer") is, however, a "shadowy or mythical figure" about whom little is known. Whatever his origin, the head of this family is generally held to have come to England during the reign of William the Conqueror (1066–1087). Neither he nor his sons were then tenants-in-chief (i.e. important vassals or feudal barons): their estates were granted by later kings.Janet Meisel, Barons of the Welsh Frontier: The Corbet, Pantulf, and Fitz Warin Families 1066–1272, (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1980), p. 34. (See also J.A. Meisel, "The Lives of Obscure Men: A Study of Three Baronial Families on the Welsh March 1066-1272" (Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley 1974)).

Fulk I was associated with the Peverels: William Peverel the Younger granted him a knight's fee in Tadlow, Cambridgeshire, before 1148 which King Henry II confirmed in 1154.Eyton, Antiquities of Shropshire,, VII, [https://archive.org/details/antiquitiesshro13eytogoog/page/n77 pp. 67–68] (Internet Archive). Henry rewarded Fulk I for his support of the Empress Matilda during the civil war by conferring upon him the royal manor of Alveston in Gloucestershire (by 1155)J. Hunter (ed.), The Great Rolls of the Pipe for the Second, Third, and Fourth Years of the Reign of Henry II (Eyre & Spottiswoode, London 1844), [https://archive.org/details/cu31924028014920/page/n60 p. 49], [https://archive.org/details/cu31924028014920/page/n111 100], [https://archive.org/details/cu31924028014920/page/n178 167] (Internet Archive). and the manor of Whadborough in Loddington, Leicestershire.J. Nichols, The History and Antiquities of the County of Leicester, Vol. 3 part 1: East Goscote Hundred (John Nichols, London 1800), [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000032377095&view=1up&seq=476 pp. 332–34] (Hathi Trust). See first charter, p. 333b. His son Fulk II held those properties after the death of his father in 1171.Meisel, Barons of the Welsh Frontier, pp. 34, 35 In the time of Robert Foliot, Bishop of Hereford (1174–1186), Fulk II gave land at Tadlow to Shrewsbury Abbey to settle a controversy over the patronage of the church of Alberbury, Shropshire, in his own favour. The FitzWarin land tenure at Alberbury, held from the Fee of Caus, was therefore presumably already in place.'Alberbury', in R.W. Eyton, Antiquities of Shropshire (John Russell Smith, London 1858), VII, [https://archive.org/details/antiquitiesshro13eytogoog/page/n79 p. 69] (Internet Archive).

At some time before 1178 Fulk II married Hawise, one of the two daughters and co-heirs of Josce de DinanPainter, The Reign of King John, [https://books.google.com/books?id=-qfHDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT49 p. 49] (Google). and his wife Sybil, widow of Pain fitzJohn. Josce had held Ludlow Castle in the Welsh Marches for the Empress Matilda during the civil war, but it was not expedient for Henry II to confirm Ludlow to Josce, and in place thereof, he granted to him the large manorial estate of Lambourn in Berkshire,'Parishes: Lambourn', in W. Page and P.H. Ditchfield (eds), A History of the County of Berkshire, Vol. IV (V.C.H., London 1924), [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/berks/vol4/pp251-266 pp. 251–266] (British History Online). with its appurtenances, amounting to a considerable value.'Ludlow', in R.W. Eyton, Antiquities of Shropshire (John Russell Smith, London 1857), V, [https://books.google.com/books?id=mgMVAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA243 at pp. 243–48] (Google).Hunter, Great Rolls of the Pipe, 2, 3 and 4 Henry II, [https://archive.org/details/cu31924028014920/page/n45 p. 34] (Internet Archive). Josce died by 1167, and Lambourn became the inheritance, in two parts, of his daughters Hawise and Sybil (who married Hugo de Plugenet). Fulk II and Hawise de Dinan were the parents of Fulk FitzWarin III.

;How John and Fulk came to blows

The FitzWaryn Romance tells that Fulk II and Hawise lived in proximity to the king, and had sons Fulk, William, Philip, John and Alan (who appear as real historical persons in contemporary recordse.g. Eyton, Antiquities of Shropshire, VII, [https://archive.org/details/antiquitiesshro13eytogoog/page/n79 p. 69] (Internet Archive).). It further states that young Fulk was bred with the four sons of King Henry, who all loved him except for Prince John (born 1166): Fouke le jeouene fust norry ou les iiij. fitz Henré le roy, et mout amé de tous, estre de Johan... The story goes that Fulk and John quarrelled over a game of chess: John struck Fulk over the head with the chessboard, whereat Fulk's foot made a connection with the prince's abdomen, and John fell back, banging his head against the wall. John went off to tell his father, who had him beaten for complaining.Wright, The History of Fulk Fitz Warine, [https://archive.org/details/historyoffulkfit00wriguoft/page/n85/mode/2up pp. 62–64] (Internet Archive).

This merry episode reflects a truth, for John was brought up under the tutelage of Ranulf de Glanvill (who became King Henry's Chief Justiciar in 1180), as were Ranulf's nephews Hubert Walter and Theobald Walter,C.R. Young, Hubert Walter, Lord of Canterbury and Lord of England (Duke University Press, Durham N.C. 1968), e.g. pp. 3–5. with whom (and with Ranulf's grandson Robert de Auberville), Fulk III later became closely connected by marriage.S. J. Bailey, 'Ranulf de Glanvill and His Children', The Cambridge Law Journal, Vol. 15, No. 2, (Nov. 1957); R. Mortimer, 'The Family of Rannulf de Glanville', Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research LIV (129), (May 1981), pp. 1–16. The milieus of the English royal court and the princely courts of Wales are never far distant from Fulk's story.

Career

=The lordship of Whittington=

File:Whittington Castle, Shropshire, UK.jpg

Fulk II encountered many problems in receiving his capital patrimony and other claimed lands. Among the latter was Whittington Castle, a site north-east of Oswestry which had been fortified by William Peverel the younger in 1138 in support of Empress Matilda.Meisel, Barons of the Welsh Frontier, p. 35 Fulk I, it is supposed, had held this from the Honour of Peverel.'Whittington', in R.W. Eyton, Antiquities of Shropshire (John Russell Smith, London 1860), XI, [https://archive.org/details/antiquitiesshro04eytogoog/page/n42 at pp. 29–38] (Internet Archive). The Castle stands on the English (eastern) side of Offa's Dyke, the ancient boundary between England and Wales. During the late 1140s the lordship of Whittington, as with Oswestry and Overton, was ceded from English authority and became a Welsh marcher lordship within the Kingdom of Powys.P. Brown, P. King, and P. Remfry, 'Whittington Castle: The marcher fortress of the Fitz Warin family', Shropshire Archaeology and History LXXIX (2004), pp. 106–127.

In 1165 Henry II granted the castle of Whittington to Roger de Powys, a Welsh leader, and in about 1173 gave him funds for its repair.D. Stephenson, Medieval Powys: Kingdom, Principality and Lordships, 1132-1293 (The Boydell Press, Woodbridge 2016), [https://books.google.com/books?id=6ERJDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA286 p. 286] (Google); citing F. Suppe, 'Roger of Powys, Henry II's Anglo-Welsh Middleman, and His Lineage', The Welsh History Review, Vol. 21 part 1 (2002), pp. 1–23. Fulk II successfully claimed for the restitution of Whittington, a judgement mentioned in the Pipe Roll for 1195 when he owed a Fine of 40 marks to have seisin: but he never paid this, and was dead by 1197.Eyton, Antiquities of Shropshire, VII, [https://archive.org/details/antiquitiesshro13eytogoog/page/n80 pp. 70–71] (Internet Archive). It, therefore, remained in Welsh hands. Fulk III then renewed his father's claim,Painter, The Reign of King John, p. 52 and in 1197 offered relief of £100 for it as his inheritance. However, on 11 April 1200 King John granted it to Meurig (Maurice), son of Roger of Powis, who had offered half that sum. Again, after Maurice's death in August 1200, King John granted it to Maurice's son Werennoc.Meisel, Barons of the Welsh Frontier, p. 36

=Rebellion and outlawry=

Whether John's refusal to honour Fulk's hereditary claim to Whittington was personal or political, it was this which by April 1201 drove Fulk openly into armed defiance of the king. He was accompanied by approximately fifty-two followers including his brothers William, Phillip and John, by his cousins, and by the family's many tenants and allies in the Marches. Although it is an important element in the Romance of Fouke, the uprising is not described in detail by more formal chroniclers.

It was sufficiently troublesome, however, that when in the spring of 1201 King John crossed into Normandy and Poitou to suppress a revolt by the Lusignans,Painter, The Reign of King John, p. 157 he assigned 100 knights to Hubert de Burgh with instructions for him to put down the activities of Fulk and his band, and those of a renegade in Devon.Painter, The Reign of King John, pp. 48, 84 The Annales Cestrienses tell that in 1202 Fulk was obliged to make his escape by sea, and, having got away with a few of his followers, took refuge in Stanley Abbey near Chippenham, Wiltshire. There he was besieged by the king's forces, after which Archbishop Hubert Walter with a number of the clergy got him away and kept him for some time in his court. Then Fulk set off quietly with many armed men to join the king of France.R.C. Christie (ed.), Annales Cestrienses: Chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg, at Chester Lancashire and Cheshire Record Society, XIV (London 1887), [https://archive.org/details/recordsociety14recouoft/page/46/mode/2up pp. 46–47] (Internet Archive).

Pardons were granted during that year for Eustace de Kivilly and Gilbert de Duure, for having been associated with him.Meisel, Barons of the Welsh Frontier, p. 38 Fulk himself seems to have had difficulty coming to terms with the king, for in 1203 there are three separate safe-conducts for him and his company to attend and leave the royal presence.T.D. Hardy (ed.), Rotuli Litterarum Patentium in Turri Londinensi Asservati I Part 1 (Commissioners, 1802), [https://books.google.com/books?id=uk4MAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA33 pp. 33 b, 34 a, b] (Google). Printed in full at F. Michel (ed.), Histoire de Foulques Fitz-Warin, d'après un Manuscrit du Musée Britannique (Silvestre Libraire, Paris 1840), Introduction [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOk9AAAAcAAJ&pg=PR4 pp. IV-V] (Google). In November 1203 he was pardoned together with over thirty of his followers.Rotuli Litterarum Patentium, I Part 1, [https://books.google.com/books?id=uk4MAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA36 p. 36] (Google); Printed more at length in F. Michel, Histoire de Foulques Fitz-Warin, Introduction, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOk9AAAAcAAJ&pg=PR5 pp. V-VIII] (Google). In October 1204, by a fine of 200 marks, Fulk at last received "right and inheritance" in Whittington.Rotuli Litterarum Patentium, I Part 1, [https://books.google.com/books?id=uk4MAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA46 p. 46 b] (Google). The castle thereafter descended in the FitzWarin family, all subsequent holders being named Fulk, until the death of Fulk (XI), the 7th Baron FitzWarin, in 1420.Painter, The Reign of King John, pp. 51–52

=The first marriage=

By 1207 Fulk III married Maud (Matilda), daughter and heir of Robert le Vavasour, and widow of Theobald Walter, 1st Chief Butler of Ireland, who died late in 1205 in Ireland.W. Farrer and C.T. Clay, Early Yorkshire Charters, XI: The Percy Fee (Cambridge University Press, 1963 edition), [https://books.google.com/books?id=EkB2UdPlD4sC&pg=PA130 p. 130] (Google). Theobald (of Warrington), who was granted his Irish office in 1185 in service to Prince John's Lordship of Ireland, assisted his brother Hubert Walter in receiving the surrender of John's supporters in Lancaster in 1194. John, after his accession to the throne in 1199, in 1200 deprived Theobald of his lands and offices and did not restore them to him until 1202. His children included the second Theobald.J.E.A. Jolliffe, Angevin Kingship (Adam and Charles Black, London 1955), pp. 65–68.

Maud's dower included one-third of the lands Theobald had held from the king in Ireland, as well as of those in Norfolk and Lancashire: which were released immediately, but a dower from Theobald's lands in Amounderness was in the king's hand in 1215.T.D. Hardy (ed.), Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum in Turri Londinensi Asservati, I: 1204-1224, (Commissioners 1833), [https://digitale-bibliothek-mv.de/viewer/fullscreen/PPN848631250/150/ p. 92] and [https://digitale-bibliothek-mv.de/viewer/fullscreen/PPN848631250/281/ p. 223] (Mecklenburg Verpommern Digital). For the huge fine of 1,200 marks levied upon Fulk for this marriage he secured pledges from his brother William and from Maud's father,T.D. Hardy (ed.), Rotuli de Oblatis et Finibus in Turri Londinensi Asservati, tempore Regis Johannis (Commissioners, 1835), [https://books.google.com/books?id=RqEUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA405 pp. 405–06] (Google). a tenant of the feudal barony of Skipton in Yorkshire.M. Lieberman, The Medieval March of Wales: The Creation and Perception of a Frontier, 1066-1283 (Cambridge University Press 2010), pp. 87–97. The high regard in which Fulk was then held is shown by the names of his sureties, which included the Peverels, Alan Basset, William de Braose (died 1230), a de Lacy, William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury and Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford.Meisel, Barons of the Welsh Frontier, p. 39. In 1210 he accompanied the king to Ireland, and was at Dublin and Carrickfergus.T.D. Hardy (ed.), Rotuli de Liberate ac de Misis et Praestitis, Regnante Johanne (Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1844), [https://books.google.com/books?id=GyoPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA182 pp. 182–85], [https://books.google.com/books?id=GyoPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA203 203-06] and [https://books.google.com/books?id=GyoPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA224 224-26] (Google). In 1213 the king granted timbers from Leicester Forest to Fulk for his dwelling at the Vavasour hereditament of Narborough, Leicestershire, and for the construction of a chamber there.Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum, I, [https://digitale-bibliothek-mv.de/viewer/fullscreen/PPN848631250/187/ p. 129 b] (Mecklenburg Verpommern Digital).

On 9 February 1214, when King John again set sail for Poitou, Fulk was among the barons who accompanied him. He is believed to have been a vassal of Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl of Gloucester at that time.Painter, The Reign of King John, pp. 280, 294. In September of that year Fulk, Walter de Lacy and many others were with King John at Parthenay, to witness John's 5-year peace treaty with King Philip Augustus of France.N. Vincent, 'Peace with Philip Augustus: 14 September 1214 to 20 September 1214', King John's Diary and Itinerary ([https://magnacarta.cmp.uea.ac.uk/read/itinerary/Peace_with_Philip_Augustus Magna Carta Project]); citing '1083. Litterae Johannis Regis Angliae de Treugis ad Quinque Annos' (Archives Nationales, J 628, Angleterre II, no. 5), in A. Teulet (ed.) (General Editor H.F. Delaborde), Layettes du Trésor de Chartes, 5 Vols (Henri Plon, Paris 1863-1909), I, [https://books.google.com/books?id=COxCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA405 pp. 405–06] (Google). Over the months immediately following he is found among the malcontent barons who, between their meetings at Bury St Edmunds in November and at the New Temple in January, sought to bring John to a realization of their grievances.J.B. Bury (ed. J.R. Tanner, C.W. Previté-Orton and Z.N. Brooke), The Cambridge Mediaeval History, VI: Victory of the Papacy (Cambridge University Press, 1929), [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282059/page/n283/mode/2up pp. 242–44] (Internet Archive). See Magna Carta Project, passim. By December 1215 Fulk's name appears in the list of English barons excommunicated by Pope Innocent III's bull, for his part in their opposition to the king.'Excommunicatio specialis in barones Angliae', in T. Rymer and R. Sanderson, ed. A. Clarke and F. Holbrooke, Foedera, Conventiones, Litterae, et cujuscunque generis Acta Publica, New Edition, 4 Vols in 8 (London 1816), I Part 1: 1066-1272, [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951002098035k&view=1up&seq=265 p. 139] (Hathi Trust).

=Further confrontations=

In 1215 Fulk was one of many giving great trouble to the Sheriff of Shropshire. Before the accession of the infant king Henry III (John's son) in 1216, Fulk's manor of Alveston had already been seized by the crown:Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum, I, [https://digitale-bibliothek-mv.de/viewer/fullscreen/PPN848631250/334/ p. 276] (Mecklenburg Verpommern Digital). in the following year (1217) all of his other lands in Gloucestershire were likewise seized. By 1218, however, Fulk had made peace and his lands were ordered to be restored to him by the king's regents:Meisel, Barons of the Welsh Frontier, pp. 41, 43 his market at his manor of Narborough was withdrawn from him as being "a manifest enemy" of the king's in 1217,Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum, I, [https://digitale-bibliothek-mv.de/viewer/image/PPN848631250/379/ p. 321] (Mecklenburg Verpommern Digital). but was regranted in 1218, and the Amounderness dower was also restored.Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum, I, [https://digitale-bibliothek-mv.de/viewer/fullscreen/PPN848631250/410/ p. 352] (Mecklenburg Verpommern Digital). In the latter year the king also granted a fair for his manor of Lambourn in Berkshire,Fine Rolls, 3 Henry III, ref C 60/11, [https://finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_011.html nos. 436 and 437], image at [https://finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/fimages/C60_11/m01.html m. 1] (Henry III Fine Rolls Project). the inheritance from Josce de Dinant. Fulk's mother Hawise died at about this time.'Parishes: Lambourn', in W. Page and P.H. Ditchfield (eds), A History of the County of Berkshire, Vol. 4, ed. (London, 1924), [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/berks/vol4/pp251-266 pp. 251–66] (British History Online).

By 1220 Fulk had regained some favour with the young King Henry III and had been allowed to rebuild and fortify Whittington,Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum, I, [https://digitale-bibliothek-mv.de/viewer/fullscreen/PPN848631250/518/ p. 460] (Mecklenburg Verpommern). and to hold a weekly market and annual two-day fair there.Fine Rolls, 4 Henry III, ref C 60/12, [https://finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_012.html item 16], image at [https://finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/fimages/C60_12/m09.html m. 9] (Henry III Fine Rolls Project). In 1223 Whittington Castle fell to Llywelyn the Great, Prince of Wales, but was recovered and restored to him, as KinnerleyE. Ekwall, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names, 4th Edition (Clarendon Press, Oxford 1960), p. 278, takes this reference for Kinnerley, Shropshire, even though Kynnersley, Shropshire, which has the same etymology, is much nearer to Hodnet, from which Baldwin took his name. was restored to Fulk's kinsman Baldwin de Hodenet.Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum, I, [https://digitale-bibliothek-mv.de/viewer/fullscreen/PPN848631250/595/ p. 537], [https://digitale-bibliothek-mv.de/viewer/fullscreen/PPN848631250/612/ p. 554] and [https://digitale-bibliothek-mv.de/viewer/fullscreen/PPN848631250/623/ p. 565] (Mecklenburg Verpommern Digital). However his disputes with Llywelyn continued and more of Fulk's lands fell into the king's hands. During the 1220s Fulk hoped to marry his son Fulk to Anghared, daughter of prince Madog ap Griffin, a union which Llywelyn sought to prevent.'CCLI: Fulk FitzWarin to Hubert de Burgh', and 'CCLII: Walter de Lacy to Hubert de Burgh', in W.W. Shirley, Royal and other Historical Letters Illustrative of the Reign of Henry III Rolls Series (Longman, Green, Longman and Roberts, London 1862), Vol. I: 1216-1235, [https://archive.org/details/royalotherhistor01shir/page/304/mode/2up pp. 305–07] (Internet Archive). By 1228 a truce seems to have been reached between Fulk, Thomas Corbet and Llywelyn, following the intervention of the king.Meisel, Barons of the Welsh Frontier, pp. 41–42; 'CCLXXV: Henry III to Llewellyn', in W.W. Shirley, Royal and other Historical Letters, I, [https://archive.org/details/royalotherhistor01shir/page/334/mode/2up p. 334] (Internet Archive).I.J. Sanders, 'Fitz Warin lords of Whittington and Alderbury (Salop) and Alveston (Gloucs.)', Y Bywgraffiadur Cymreig (1959), [https://biography.wales/article/s-FITZ-WAR-1130 (Welsh Dictionary of National Biography online)].

Throughout these years Fulk's relations with the king were changeable and seemed to be directly dependent on the state of affairs in Wales. As a marcher lord Fulk's role as a protector of the English border against the Welsh was vital to the English King. He arbitrated several border disputes on behalf of the king and although there were more personal disagreements, there were no more rebellions on the part of Fulk III.Meisel, Barons of the Welsh Frontier, pp. 42, 43, 45

=Alberbury Priory=

File:Alberbury Castle.jpg

Between 1221 and 1226 Fulk began to build his priory at Alberbury on a moated site at a bend in the river Severn on the border of England and Wales.M.J. Angold, G.C. Baugh, M.M. Chibnall, D.C. Cox, D.T.W. Price, M. Tomlinson and B.S. Trinder, 'House of Grandmontine monks: Priory of Alberbury', in A.T. Gaydon and R.B. Pugh, A History of the County of Shropshire, Vol. 2 (V.C.H., London 1973), [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/salop/vol2/pp47-50 pp. 47–50] (British History Online): citing the Alberbury documents in the muniments of All Souls' College, Oxford. He first intended it as a house of Augustinian canons following the Arrouasian rule, and invited Alan, the Abbot of Lilleshall, to establish the convent. However his endowments were found insufficient, and Alan's successor Abbot William renounced any interest in the project.R. Graham and A.W. Clapham, 'Alberbury Priory', Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society, Series 4 vol. XI (1927-1928), pp. 257–303. Fulk, therefore, turned instead to the Grandmontine Order, following the example of Walter de Lacy's house founded at Craswall Priory in Herefordshire c. 1220–1225,See the [https://craswallpriory.org/ Craswall Priory website]. but placing Alberbury under the immediate authority of Grandmont Abbey in Limousin.'The Order of Grandmont and its houses in England', in R. Graham, English Ecclesiastical Studies, being Some Essays in Research in Mediaeval History (S.P.C.K., London 1929), pp. 209–46. Having been intended for the Augustinians, the buildings lacked the special features of a Grandmontine plan. In addition to the priory site with its lands and rights in Alberbury with Pecknall, a fishery in the Severn, and the right to construct mills, Fulk's endowments to the priory included his manor of Whadborough at Loddington in eastern Leicestershire. These were confirmed by King Henry III's charter of 1232.'Priory of Alberbury, or Abberbury, in Shropshire', in W. Dugdale, Monasticon Anglicanum, VI Part 2, [https://books.google.com/books?id=nllVAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1031 pp. 1031–1032, Num. I] (Google); Calendar of Charter Rolls, Henry III, 1226-1257 (HMSO 1903), [https://archive.org/details/calendarofcharte01grea/page/172/mode/2up p. 172] (Internet Archive). The Castle in Alberbury, of which a ruin remains, is also attributed to Fulk III as representing the seat of his manor here.Historic England: List entry for Alberbury Castle: tower keep castle 70m south west of the Church of St Michael and All Angels, Record [https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1020662 1020662] (Historic England).

=Estates and suits=

;Narborough, Leicestershire

In 1226 Maud the wife of Fulk FitzWarin died, which was no doubt a stimulus to the completion of the priory, where she was buried.Emma Cavell, 'The Burial of Noblewomen in Thirteenth-Century Shropshire,' in B. Weiler, J. Burton, P. Schofield and K. Stöber (eds), Thirteenth Century England XI (The Boydell Press, Woodbridge 2007), p. 174 & note 2. In that year Theobald Walter the younger (son of Maud's first marriage) unsuccessfully challenged William Pantolf and Hawise his wife (Fulk's daughter) for title to the manor of Narborough in Leicestershire,T.D. Hardy (ed.), Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum in Turri Londinensi Asservati, II: 1224-1227 (Commissioners, 1844), [https://digitale-bibliothek-mv.de/viewer/image/PPN848631404/153/ p. 147 b] (Mecklenburg Verpommern Digital). a Vavasour hereditament. Fulke's market at Narborough had received the king's re-confirmation in 1220, but a suit of 1276 shows that the manor had been given by Maud to her daughter Hawise,"Robertus [Vavasor] dedit premissa Matilde filie sue; que dedit premissa Hawisie filie sue": Plea quoted in 'Narborough', in J. Nichols, The History and Antiquities of the County of Leicester, Reprint, 4 volumes in 8 (John Nichols, London 1811/Leicester County Council with S.R. Publishing Ltd., 1971), Vol. 4 Part 2: Sparkenhoe Hundred, [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000001252729&view=1up&seq=584 at p. 814] (Hathi Trust). who by her marriage to Pantolf became Lady of the barony of Wem,I.J. Sanders, English Baronies: A Study of Their Origin and Descent 1086–1327 (Clarendon Press, Oxford 1960), pp. 94–95. as the FitzWarin Romance reminds us.R.W. Eyton, Antiquities of Shropshire (John Russell Smith, London 1858), VII, pp. 66–83, [https://archive.org/details/antiquitiesshro13eytogoog/page/n85 at pp. 75–76] (Internet Archive). Theobald simultaneously challenged Fulk for the manor of Edlington in Yorkshire, another part of the same inheritance.Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum, II, p. 147 b (as above). After Pantolf died in 1233, and Fulk paid 600 marks for custody of his heirs and lands,Fine Rolls, 17 Henry III, ref. C 60/32, [https://finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_032.html item 108], image at [https://finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/fimages/C60_32/m08.html m. 8] (Henry III Fine Rolls Project). Hawise remarried to Hubert Husse, taking Narborough as her maritagium with her, and in 1235 Hubert obtained a renewal of the market, which had by then lapsed.Close Rolls of the Reign of Henry III, 1234-1237 (HMSO 1908), [https://archive.org/details/closerollsreign00britgoog/page/n240/mode/2up p. 210] (Internet Archive)."Rex concessit Huberto Hues' quod mercatum quod consuevit aliquando teneri apud manerium de Northbrug' (manerio illo existente in manu Fulconis filii Warini) et quod postea decidit, iterum relevetur et teneatur..." This has been misinterpreted to suggest that Fulke had died: "The king granted to Hubert Hussey that the market which once used to be held at the manor of Narborough (when that manor was in the hand of Fulk FitzWarin) and which afterwards lapsed, should be revived and held again..."

File:Seal-matrix of Fulk FitzWarin (Oxfordshire County Council).jpg

;Lambourn and Wantage, BerkshireWantage has been administered as part of Oxfordshire since 1974.

In 1227 the fair at Lambourn was re-granted.Calendar of Charter Rolls, Henry III, 1226-1257 (HMSO 1903), [https://archive.org/details/calendarofcharte01grea/page/58/mode/2up p. 58] (Internet Archive). Before 1224 William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke had by his charterRecited in Placita de Quo Warranto Temporibus Edw. I, II & III (Commissioners, 1818), [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924082447990&view=1up&seq=113 pp. 81–82] (Hathi Trust). enfeoffed Fulk III in the nearby manor of Wantage, BerkshireAccording to the Romance narrative it was Hugh Bigod, 3rd Earl of Norfolk who enfeoffed him in the manor of Wantage, for military service during the affairs of 1215, but the charter itself and Bracton's abridgement show otherwise. and in the Hundred of Wantage and Gamenefeud: for although the king's attorney later challenged the FitzWarin right to the Hundreds, they remained in their hands.'Wantage Hundred: Introduction', in W. Page and P.H. Ditchfield (eds), A History of the County of Berkshire, Vol. 4 (London, 1924), [https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/berks/vol4/pp267-268 pp. 267–68] (British History Online). The king claimed Wantage manor against him as terra Flandrensium—the land of Robert de Béthune—in 1236–37,F.W. Maitland (ed.), Bracton's Note Book: A Collection of Cases Decided in the King's Courts during the Reign of Henry the Third, 3 Vols (C.J. Clay & Sons, London 1887), III, [https://archive.org/details/bractonsnoteboo03maitgoog/page/n245/mode/2up No. 1220, pp. 232–34] (Internet Archive). but Fulk's possession of it was warranted by Gilbert Marshal,Placitorum in Domo Capitulari Westmonasteriensi Asservati Abbreviatio (Commissioners, 1811), [https://books.google.com/books?id=epk0AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA105 p. 105] (Google). and he defended his possession again in 1241 against Robert de Béthune in his own person.'Parishes: Wantage', A History of the County of Berkshire, Vol. 4, [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/berks/vol4/pp319-332 pp. 319–32] (British History Online).

In due course, Fulk by charter granted his entire manor of Lambourn to his daughter Mabil and to the heirs of her body, and acknowledged the fact before the Court of King's Bench in 1249.J. Meisel, Barons of the Welsh Frontier: The Corbet, Pantulf and Fitz Warin Families, 1066-1272 (University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln 1980), p. 96. A seal-matrix of Fulk FitzWarin (equestrian) found at Little Bedwyn, Wiltshire, about five miles south of Lambourn, corresponds to a seal-impression on a charter in the Harleian collection which is dated probably early in the reign of Henry III, and therefore likely to represent Fulk III:Portable Antiquities Scheme, Object report [https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/643031 BERK-FDCFD2 : Seal Matrix'] (with observations by A. Ailes, C. Cheesman (Richmond Herald) and J. Cherry), citing W. de G. Birch, Catalogue of Seals in the Department of Manuscripts in the British Museum, Volume II (Trustees of the British Museum, London 1892), [https://archive.org/details/catalogueofseals02brit/page/292/mode/2up p. 293, no. 6022]; L.C Loyd and D.M Stenton (eds), Sir Christopher Hatton's Book of Seals, Northamptonshire Record Society 15 (1950), no. 172. another FitzWarin charter with armorial seal, dated 1258, grants land and rent at Wantage.The National Archives (UK), Release by Fulk FitzWarin of Whittington, Salop to William son of Alan FitzWarin, of land in Wantage, Ancient Deeds Series A, [https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C4944948 ref. E 40/6195] (Discovery Catalogue description).

=The second marriage=

Mabil was the daughter of Fulk's second wife, Clarice de Auberville, who (as the Fine rolls record) was certainly living in 1250.Fine Rolls, C 60/47, [http://www.finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_047.html 34 Henry III, membrane 2, no. 786], i.e. the penultimate entry in the membrane imaged as [https://finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/fimages/C60_47/m02.html "m. 2"]. (Henry III Fine Rolls Project). The marriage features in the Romance narrative (which calls her "une molt gentile dame") and is said to have occurred "a good while" after the death of Maud. The legend tells that after their marriage Fulk was struck blind for the last seven years of his life, and that he outlived Clarice by one year.T. Wright (ed. and transl.), The History of Fulk Fitz Warine, an Outlawed Baron in the Reign of King John, Warton Club (London 1855): [https://archive.org/details/historyoffulkfit00wriguoft/page/176/mode/2up see pp. 177–83] (Internet Archive). It has been accepted (or asserted) that Clarice was the daughter (rather than the widow) of Sir Robert de Auberville, of Iden and Iham (Higham, in Ickleshami.e. the settlement around the now demolished church of St Leonard, immediately north-west of New Winchelsea. 'Higham, ("Iham" or "Ihomme"), an old name of Winchelsea' – E. Ekwall, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names, 4th edition (Clarendon Press, Oxford 1960), p. 238.), near Winchelsea, Sussex.W. Dugdale, The Baronage of England After the Norman Conquest (Thomas Newcomb, for Abel Roper, John Martin and Henry Herringman, London 1675-76), I, [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A36794.0001.001/1:6.129?rgn=div2;view=fulltext pp. 443–47] (Umich/eebo); R.W. Eyton, Antiquities of Shropshire (John Russell Smith, London 1858), VII, [https://archive.org/details/antiquitiesshro13eytogoog/page/n86 pp. 66–83, esp. p. 76 notes 52 and 53] (Internet Archive). Sir Robert, of an influential Norman family seated at Westenhanger, Kent, was a grandson of Ranulf de Glanvill's, and on the death of his father William de Auberville, c. 1195, had become a ward of Hubert Walter's.S.J. Bailey, 'Ranulf de Glanvill and His Children', The Cambridge Law Journal Vol. 15, No. 2 (Nov. 1957), pp. 163–182, at note 51. He was a Constable of Hastings Castle, and Keeper of the Coast in 1228–1229. Robert's wife Clarice was daughter of Robert and granddaughter of Samson de Gestling, benefactors of Robertsbridge Abbey.'Quitclaim', The National Archives Discovery Catalogue, item description: [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/0b6b4574-0f22-4cdf-8c89-1c12dde9a4de CCA-DCc-ChAnt/A/117] (Canterbury Cathedral Archives). See also C.T. Flower (ed.), Curia Regis Rolls: 7-9 Henry III (HMSO 1955), [https://books.google.com/books?id=nXVpAAAAMAAJ&q=Sansonem p. 325] (Google snippet). Robert de Auberville is supposed to have died c. 1230.G. Paget, An Official, Genealogical and Heraldic Baronage of England (1957), 11: 1-2.

In 1230 Fulk commenced a suit against Philip de Burwardsley (i.e. of Broseley, Shropshire), apparently a FitzWarin cousin, concerning lands in Shropshire and Staffordshire which had been disputed between their grandfathers, and which did not come to a full Assize until after 1233.R.W. Eyton, Antiquities of Shropshire (John Russell Smith, London 1855), II, [https://books.google.com/books?id=-oFJAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA10 pp. 10–11] (Google).'Banco Rolls no. 6. Tower Records (April 1231)', in G. Wrottesley (ed.), 'Plea Rolls for Staffordshire: 1231-39', Staffordshire Historical Collections, IV (London 1883), [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/staffs-hist-collection/vol4/pp81-89 p. 81] (British History Online).

=Service=

Fulk attended the king's court in Westminster in October 1229:Eyton, Antiquities of Shropshire, VII, 66-83, citing 'Carta concessa David filio Lewelini, nepoti Regis', in Rymer, Foedera, I Part 1, [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951002098035k&view=1up&seq=340 p. 196] (Hathi Trust). he received a writ of protection during absence upon foreign service in April 1230, and was required to supply one knight for foreign service in aid of the "Earl of Bretaigne" in May 1234.Eyton, Antiquities of Shropshire, VII, 66-83, citing 'De auxilio comiti Brittanniae ferendo', in Rymer, Foedera, I Part 1, [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951002098035k&view=1up&seq=356 p. 212] (Hathi Trust). In July 1236 he was appointed one of the Arbitrators (for North Wales) of the truce between King Henry and Llywelyn, as William FitzWarin was among those for South Wales.Eyton, Antiquities of Shropshire, VII, 66-83, citing 'De treugis ex parte Lewelini', in Rymer, Foedera, I Part 1, [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951002098035k&view=1up&seq=374 p. 230] (Hathi Trust). In March 1238 he was among the powerful men summoned by the king to Oxford, to deliberate upon Llywelyn's action in causing his son Dafydd to receive homage from the magnates of Gwynedd and Powys.Eyton, Antiquities of Shropshire, VII, 66-83, citing 'De treugis Walliae', in Rymer, Foedera, I Part 1, [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951002098035k&view=1up&seq=379 p. 235] (Hathi Trust). The Romance narrative tells that, after the death of Joan, Lady of Snowdon in 1237 (who was buried at Beaumaris), Llywelyn ap Iorwerth took Eva, daughter of Fulk, as his last wife (with which the Annales Cestrienses concurChristie (ed.), Annales Cestrienses, [https://archive.org/details/recordsociety14recouoft/page/60/mode/2up pp. 60–61, s.a. 1239] (Internet Archive).): and, after Llywelyn's death in 1240, she remarried to William de Blancmouster (de Whitchurch).T.W. King, 'On the coats of arms appropriated to the Welsh princes', Archaeologia, or Miscellaneous Tracts Relating to Antiquity XXIX (London 1842), Appendix, [https://books.google.com/books?id=H1NIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA407 pp. 407–13] (Google).T. Wright (ed. and transl.), The History of Fulk Fitz Warine, an Outlawed Baron in the Reign of King John, Warton Club (London 1855): [https://archive.org/details/historyoffulkfit00wriguoft/page/176/mode/2up see p. 177] (Internet Archive).

In June 1245, faced by the rapacity of the Papal nuncio Martin (resulting in a prohibition of tournaments), an assembly of nobles at Dunstable and Linton deputed Fulk to proceed to London to order Martin out of the kingdom. As Matthew Paris relates their interview, Fulk told him to leave England immediately, but Martin questioned his authority to demand it. Fulk told him to be off within three days if he did not wish to be utterly brought down, and withdrew in anger, heaping threats upon threats with a terrible oath against him. Martin hurried off to the king, who told him that he had brought the kingdom to the brink of revolt: being asked for safe conduct the king answered, "May the Devil take you to hell."Eyton, Antiquities of Shropshire, VII, 66-83, citing H.R. Luard (ed.), Matthaei Parisiensis, Monachus Sancti Albani, Chronica Majora, Volume IV: 1240-1247, Rerum Britannicarum Medii Aevi Scriptores – Rolls Series (Longman & Co., Trübner & Co., London 1877) [https://archive.org/details/matthiparisiens03luargoog/page/n446/mode/2up pp. 420–21] (Internet Archive). A week later Fulk witnessed a charter of the king's at Windsor.

=Last controversies=

Although Fulk seems certainly to have lived after 1250, in this late period it is increasingly difficult to distinguish him from his two sons named Fulk, among the various references to Fulk "senior" and "junior". At a Shropshire Assize of January 1256, Fulk "junior" (possibly the younger son called Fulk Glas) was claiming that Thomas Corbet had disseised him of his free tenement of Alberbury. At an earlier hearing, he had become enraged when Corbet referred to his father as "Proditor" (Traitor), and had renounced any homage he had made to Corbet, vowing never to hold land of him again.Eyton, Antiquities of Shropshire, VII, pp. 80–81, citing Shropshire Assize Rolls, The National Archives (UK), ref. JUST 1/734, rot. 15 front. View original at [http://aalt.law.uh.edu/AALT4/JUST1/JUST1no734/aJUST1no734fronts/IMG_0920.htm AALT image 0920] (last full entry): "ita quod idem Thomas vocavit Fulconem patrem ipsius Fulconis proditorem...", etc. The court found for FitzWarin, but Corbet later brought an appeal.

The Hundred Rolls for 1255 show that Fulk FitzWarin was then holding two hides geldable in Alberbury of the fee of Caus (of which Thomas Corbet of Caus Castle was lord), and that the Grandmontensian brothers there held two virgates by the gift of Fulk FitzWarin senior (i.e. Fulk III in 1232), and of the fee of Caus.'Hundredum de Forde, Com. Salop.', in Rotuli Hundredorum Temp. Hen. III & Edw. I (Commissioners, 1818), II, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wBtDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA66 pp. 66–67] (Google). The services owing by Fulk FitzWarin for a knight's fee held from Corbet at Alberbury had been set forth in a concord of 1248,Feet of Fines, ref. CP 25(1)/193/4, no. 31: view original at [http://aalt.law.uh.edu/AALT7/CP25(1)/CP25_1_193_4/IMG_0324.htm AALT]. the Fine for which was recorded in the Great Roll of the Pipe for 1250 and remained unpaid in 1252.

In 1245 the king had appointed Fulk FitzWarin, John le Strange and Henry de Audley to settle a land dispute between Gruffydd ap Madog, whose land had been seized by Dafydd ap Llywelyn during the king's last war, and which had been seized back from Dafydd and was now claimed by Gruffydd ap GwenwynwynCalendar of Patent Rolls, Henry III, 1232-1247 (HMSO 1906), [https://archive.org/details/patentrollsreig01lytegoog/page/n490/mode/2up p. 466] (Internet Archive). (whose mother was Margaret Corbet, and whose wife Hawise was daughter of John le Strange of Knockin Castle). On the occasion of Thomas Corbet's outrageous remark, the court had been meeting by royal precept to settle contentions between Corbet and Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn.Eyton, Antiquities of Shropshire, VII, pp. 80–81, citing Shropshire Assize, as above; Calendar of Patent Rolls, Henry III, 1247-1258 (HMSO 1908), [https://archive.org/details/patentrollsreig00offigoog/page/n449/mode/2up p. 438] (Internet Archive). In time, Gruffydd's daughter Margaret became the wife of Fulk V FitzWarin, son of Fulk IV.Sanders, 'Fitz Warin lords of Whittington', Y Bywgraffiadur Cymraeg.

=Death and burial=

Historians cannot exactly state when FitzWarin died but 1258 is given as the latest probable date. Most likely, he handed some of his affairs over to his son Fulk IV during his lifetime. According to the Romance narrative, his second wife Clarice died before him. She was buried at Alberbury Priory, and he died a year later and was laid to rest beside both of his wives in the monastery church, part of which was incorporated into later buildings at the site.[http://www.discovershropshire.org.uk/html/search/verb/GetRecord/theme:20070423145036 Discover Shropshire] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301053401/http://www.discovershropshire.org.uk/html/search/verb/GetRecord/theme:20070423145036 |date=1 March 2014 }}''

Family

File:Pembridge Castle.jpg

Fulk III FitzWarin married, first, c. 1207, Maud (Matilda) le Vavasour, daughter of Robert le Vavasour and widow of Theobald Walter.G.E. Cokayne, ed. Vicary Gibbs, The Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant Extinct or Dormant, Vol. II (The St. Catherine Press, Ltd., London 1912), p. 448 Maud died in 1226 and was buried at Alberbury Priory (alias New Abbey, Alberbury) in Shropshire.Sir Bernard Burke, C.B., LL.D., Ulster King of Arms, Genealogical History of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages of the British Empire, (Burke's Peerage/Genealogical Publishing Co., 1883), Reprinted 1985; 1996; p. 213G.E. Cokayne, ed. Vicary Gibbs, The Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant Extinct or Dormant, Volume II: Bass to Canning (The St. Catherine Press, Ltd., London 1912), p. 448 Their offspring included:Liebermann, The Medieval March of Wales, [https://books.google.com/books?id=2nda0A3pVYAC&pg=PA94 pp. 94–95] (Google).

Fulk IV FitzWarin (d. 1264).Meisel, Barons of the Welsh Frontier, p. 37 He received the manor of Edlington, Yorkshire, as part of his inheritance.W. Farrer and C.T. Clay (eds), Early Yorkshire Charters, XI: The Percy Fee (Cambridge University Press, 1963), [https://books.google.com/books?id=EkB2UdPlD4sC&pg=PA121 pp. 119–22] (Google). He married Constance de Tosny, and was the father of Fulk V FitzWarin, 1st Baron FitzWarin.
Hawise FitzWarin, married (first) William Pantulf, a marcher lord (who died in 1233), and (secondly) Hubert Huse. She received the manor of Narborough.
Joan FitzWarin, married Sir Henry de Penebrugge, of Pembridge Castle, Herefordshire.Thus in the Romance, see Wright, History of Fulk Fitz Warine, [https://archive.org/details/historyoffulkfit00wriguoft/page/n137/mode/2up p. 114] and Note [https://archive.org/details/historyoffulkfit00wriguoft/page/216/mode/2up p. 217] (Internet Archive). Sir Henry occurs with FitzWarin in the Close Rolls and Fine Rolls, e.g. Fine Roll, 22 Henry III (1237-1238), [https://finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/calendar/roll_005E.html#it094_001 ref. E 371/5, no. 94], view original at [https://finerollshenry3.org.uk/content/fimages/E371_5/m04.html membrane 1] (Henry III Fine Roll Project).
Eleanor FitzWarin, married William de Rivers (de Ripariis)'Parishes: Wantage', V.C.H. Berkshire IV, pp. 319–32, citing '269. John de Ripariis' in J.E.E.S. Sharp and A.E. Stamp (eds), Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, II: Edward I, 1272-1291 (HMSO 1906), [https://archive.org/details/cu31924011387804/page/n207/mode/2up pp. 155–56] (Internet Archive); Calendar of the Close Rolls, Edward I: 1272-1279 (HMSO 1900), [https://archive.org/details/calendarclosero03changoog/page/n487/mode/2up p. 477] (Internet Archive). of Great Shefford in the Lambourn valley, Berkshire, son of Richard de Rivers of East Mersea (Essex).'Parishes: West or Great Shefford', V.C.H. Berkshire IV, [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/berks/vol4/pp238-242 pp. 238–42] (British History Online). Search term: Rivers.
Eve FitzWarin, married William de Blanchminister. It was claimed in the Romance narrative and in the Annales Cestrienses that she first married Llywelyn ap Iorwerth.
Fulk Glas (sometimes attributed to his father's second marriage)

Fulk's second marriage, to Clarice de Auberville, is described in the Romance narrative. Clarice is taken to have been the daughter and heiress of Robert de Auberville of Iden and Iham (Higham, in Icklesham), Sussex, and his wife Clarice de Gestling. Fulk's daughter by this marriage was:

Mabel FitzWarin (d. 1297), who married (first) William de Crevequer (no issue) and (secondly) John Tregoz, Lord Tregoz (died before 6 September 1300). By the second marriage she had two daughters and co-heirs, Clarice and Sybil Tregoz. She received the manor of Lambourn.

Sir William Dugdale, in his Baronage, accepted as factual the identification of Clarice as the second wife of Fulk IIIW. Dugdale, The Baronage of England After the Norman Conquest (Thomas Newcomb, for Abel Roper, John Martin and Henry Herringman, London 1675-76), I, [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A36794.0001.001/1:6.129?rgn=div2;view=fulltext pp. 443–47] (Umich/eebo). and, despite occasional doubts, later accounts of the family have followed this precedent.R.W. Eyton, Antiquities of Shropshire (John Russell Smith, London 1858), VII, [https://archive.org/details/antiquitiesshro13eytogoog/page/n86 pp. 66–83, esp. p. 76 notes 52 and 53] (Internet Archive).

Romance

During the later 13th century, when the actual events of Fulk's life were still in living memory or common report, a romance known as Fouke le Fitz Waryn, probably first in French verse, was written about him. This survives in an early 14th-century French prose version, in a single manuscript in the Royal manuscripts, British Library, which is thought to follow the lost verse quite closely.'Royal 12. C.xii. ff. 36-60 b. Fulk Fitz-Warin', in H.L.D. Ward (ed.), Catalogue of Romances in the Department of Manuscripts in the British Museum (Trustees of the British Museum, London 1883), I, [https://archive.org/details/catalogueromanc00wardgoog/page/n524/mode/2up pp. 501–08] (Internet Archive). Image Courtesy of British Library at [http://www.llangollenmuseum.org.uk/MythsAndLegends/DinasBran/Fitzwarren2.jpg Llangollen Museum website]. View the entire manuscript digitised at [https://iiif.bl.uk/uv/#?manifest=https://bl.digirati.io/iiif/ark:/81055/vdc_100057740410.0x000001 British Library website]. The 16th-century antiquary John Leland saw and briefly described the French verse version,T. Hearne (ed.), Joannis Lelandi Antiquarii De Rebvs Britannicis Collectanea, 2nd, enlarged edition, 6 vols (W. and J. Richardson, London 1770), I, [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433075905665&view=1up&seq=376 pp. 236–37, representing fols. 268-69] (Hathi Trust). and made an extended abstract from a Middle English verse version called The Nobile Actes of the Guarines,Hearne (ed.), Joannis Lelandi Antiquarii De Rebvs Britannicis Collectanea, I, [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433075905665&view=1up&seq=370 pp. 230–36, representing fols. 261-68] (Hathi Trust). the original of which is also lost. Various contemporary references show that the tale was widely-known in the later Middle Ages.K. Bedford, 'Fouke le Fitz Waryn: Outlaw or Chivalric Hero?', in A.L. Kaufman (ed.), British Outlaws of Literature and History: Essays on Medieval and Early Modern Figures from Robin Hood to Twm Shon Catty (McFarland & Co., Jefferson, NC 2011), pp. 99–99.