:General Motors Canada
{{short description|Canada's division of General Motors}}
{{Infobox company
| name = General Motors of Canada Company
| logo = General_motors_logo_with_wordmark.svg
| logo_size =
| image = GM Canada Oshawa - Flickr - Stradablog.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = GM Canada head office in Oshawa
pictured in June 2011
| type = Subsidiary
| company_slogan =
| foundation = {{start date and age|1918}}
| founder = General Motors
| predecessor = McLaughlin Buick
| hq_location = {{nowrap|1908 Colonel Sam Drive}}
Oshawa, Ontario
L1H 8P7
| key_people = Kristian Aquilina (President)
| num_employees = 5271
| industry = Automotive
| products = Automobiles
Engines
| num_employees_year = 2021
| parent = General Motors
| owner =
| subsid =
| brands = {{plainlist|
}}
| revenue = $31.675 billion
| revenue_year = 2007
| net_income =
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.gm.ca/en/home.html|gm.ca}}
}}
General Motors of Canada Company ({{langx|fr|La Compagnie General Motors du Canada}}), commonly known as GM Canada, is the Canadian subsidiary of US-based company General Motors.{{Cite web|url=http://media.gm.com/content/company/ca/en/gm/company/operations.html|title=Our Company {{!}} Operations {{!}} General Motors of Canada|website=media.gm.com|language=en|access-date=2019-09-10}} It is headquartered in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.
In the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, GM Canada received a combined loan commitment of {{CAD|3 billion|link=yes}} of financial assistance from the federal and provincial governments amid declining sales.{{cite web|author=Industry Canada|author-link=Industry Canada|date=2009-03-30|title=The Governments of Canada and Ontario Reject Automakers' Restructuring Plans|url=http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/ic1.nsf/eng/04535.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091006022830/http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/ic1.nsf/eng/04535.html|archive-date=October 6, 2009|access-date=2009-04-26}} On November 26, 2018, GM announced the closure of its Oshawa plant, ending a century of automobile and related manufacturing operations in the city.{{Cite web|url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/canada/gm-to-close-oshawa-plant-report/wcm/d42d7493-d939-4db1-b197-9e4217326b6a|title = GM to close Oshawa plant, leaving 2,800 people out of work: Report}} On November 5, 2020, GM announced reopening of the Oshawa plant in January 2022 to produce GMC Sierra and Chevrolet Silverado trucks, hiring up to 2,500 workers.{{coord|43.876110|-78.804253|display=title}}
History
GM Canada has historically been one of the largest and most powerful corporations in Canada, being listed as the third "largest" in 1975, and being comparable to several publicly traded companies such as BCE, George Weston Limited, and Royal Bank of Canada.[http://www.lib.uwo.ca/business/200TopCompanies.html The Top 200 - Canada's Largest Companies c. 1973–74 – Business] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080223151834/http://www.lib.uwo.ca/business/200TopCompanies.html|date=February 23, 2008}}
=McLaughlin and Buick=
{{main|McLaughlin Motor Car Company}}
{{multiple image
|align = right
|direction = horizontal
|total_width = 350
|perrow = 2
|header = McLaughlin/GM Canada models
|image1 = 1927_McLaughlin-Buick_Royal_Touring_Car_open_top.jpg
|caption1 = Touring car built in 1927 for the Prince of Wales
|image2 = 1932 McLaughlin Buick Coupe (29369091898).jpg
|caption2 = 1932 Coupe
|image3 = 1936_Buick_McLaughlin_series_90_8_Limousine_(28888894561).jpg
|caption3 = 1936 Series 90 limousine RHD UK
|image4 = 1942_McLaughlin-Buick_Special_(30109690775).jpg
|caption4 = 1942 Special, the last year of the McLaughlin badge
|footer =
}}
In 1907, the "McLaughlin Motor Car Company" was founded in Ontario by Samuel McLaughlin.{{Cite web|date=2017-11-21|title=McLaughlin Motor Car Co., forerunner to GM Canada, is formed|url=https://www.autonews.com/article/20181120/CCHISTORY/311209997/mclaughlin-motor-car-co-forerunner-to-gm-canada-is-formed|access-date=2021-12-27|website=Automotive News|language=en}} The first year saw the sale of 154 McLaughlin cars.{{Cite web|title=McLaughlin Buick Club of Canada|url=http://www.mclaughlin-buickclub.ca/auto_history.htm|access-date=2021-12-27|website=www.mclaughlin-buickclub.ca}}
McLaughlin and William C. Durant, respectively the biggest carriage builders in Canada and the United States, contracted for Durant's Buick to supply McLaughlin with power trains for 15 years. McLaughlin fitted the power trains to running gear, bodies, and chassis built by McLaughlin in Canada. The cars were branded McLaughlin until the end of the contract, thereafter branded McLaughlin-Buick between 1923 and 1942.
In 1908, Durant and McLaughlin started General Motors Holding Company after Durant exchanged $500,000 of Buick stock for $500,000 of McLaughlin Motor Co. stock. McLaughlin also exchanged his Buick stock for General Motors stock, and in 1910 was invited to be on the board of General Motors in Detroit.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}
=Chevrolet=
In 1915, Sam McLaughlin acquired the Chevrolet Car Company of Canada, which built Chevrolets in Oshawa with Chevrolet motors and McLaughlin bodies. In 1918, he merged his company with Chevrolet Canada under the name "General Motors of Canada Limited". McLaughlin was retained as president of the company, before becoming director and vice president of General Motors on the approval of Durant, who was then president of General Motors and owner of the Chevrolet Motor Co. The corporation moved people in 1918 after McLaughlin allied his company with the corporation unknown to Robert McLaughlin. The McLaughlins were given GM stocks for the propriertorship of the Canadian Company and $10,000,000 to build Walkerville and Canadian Products,{{cite web|url=http://www.gm.ca/inm/gmcanada/english/about/OverviewHist/hist_gm_canada.html |title=History of GM Canada |publisher=Gm.ca |access-date=2010-12-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412202142/http://www.gm.ca/inm/gmcanada/english/about/OverviewHist/hist_gm_canada.html|archive-date=2008-04-12}} but not ownership.Financial Post, September 23, 1933, p. 9
Between 1923 and 1942, McLaughlin's cars were branded McLaughlin-Buick. In 1942, when the production of automobiles was suspended for the Second Great War, the last McLaughlin-Buick was built. When production resumed, they were just "Buick".
= 1980s–present =
General Motors of Canada opened its new head office building on the shore of Lake Ontario in 1989. The building is a fixture on Highway 401 and usually displays an enormous picture of a new vehicle on its huge glass atrium. This is a rented structure of General Motors Corporation and today is called General Motors. General Motors of Canada built their first offices on Richmond street in Oshawa and had large General Motors of Canada signage from 1919. The McLaughlin plants were there and were resigned by the McLaughlin Family.
GM's Canadian Technical Centre opened in June 2001. It is primarily responsible for managing the design and validation of vehicles that are manufactured in Canada, though it supports many joint development efforts with GM operations in other countries.
The manufacturing plants located in Oshawa produced the Chevrolet from 1915, and today the Camaro and included the Chevrolet Truck Company of Canada 1919. Cadillac and LaSalle were built here too. The Oshawa plants have regularly garnered top quality ratings by J.D. Power.{{cite web |url=http://www.jdpower.com/corporate/ |title=J.D. Power and Associates |publisher=Jdpower.com |date=2010-11-29 |access-date=2010-12-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117070719/http://www.jdpower.com/corporate/ |archive-date=2010-01-17 }} The Oshawa facility was ranked number 1 facility in overall quality in North and South America by J. D. Power.{{Citation needed|date=April 2008}} The Truck Plant was closed to give industry to Mexico, and reopen old Saturn Plants.{{citation needed|date=November 2018}}
General Motors of Canada announced a naming rights deal for the General Motors Centre in Oshawa on October 5, 2006. The centre's main tenants are the Oshawa Generals junior hockey team, who were named for the company in 1937.
On April 27, 2009, GM Canada announced that it would cut over half of its Canadian jobs and close 40% of its Canadian dealerships by 2014 in response to its parent company's dire financial straits.{{cite news| url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/gm-to-drop-pontiac-in-2010-cut-thousands-more-jobs-1.812459 | work=CBC News | title=GM to drop Pontiac in 2010, cut thousands more jobs | date=April 27, 2009}} Reducing its franchises in Canada from approximately 709 dealerships to about 470 across the country, after General Motors (US) bankruptcy. The Canadian Government sold its 12% of General Motors stock, purchased in 2009, in early 2015.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}}
In 2021, GM announced that it will be converting its CAMI Assembly plant into a large-scale commercial electric vehicle manufacturing plant to build the BrightDrop EV600, beginning in April 2022."[https://www.gm.ca/content/public/ca/en/gm/home/company/operations/_jcr_content/par/channelbox/par/rown/par_1/channelbox_1556453087/par/rown/par_1/channelbox/par/download/file.res/GM_Canada_Fact_Sheet_November%2010.pdf GM Canada Fact Sheet]." GM Canada. 2021 November 10. Retrieved 2021/12/27.
With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, GM Canada committed to the Government of Canada the production of 10 million face masks at cost for the Public Health Agency of Canada. Beginning production on May 26, 2020, at its Oshawa facility, GM Canada fulfilled its commitment on April 8, 2021.
{{clear}}
==2008 Canadian Auto Workers bargaining==
General Motors and the Canadian Auto Workers (CAW) union reached a tentative agreement on a new collective bargaining contract on May 15, 2008, a full four months before the existing contract was due to expire. As part of the agreement, GM pledged to maintain production at the Oshawa, Ontario pickup truck plant and made other production commitments.
On June 3, 2008, less than three weeks after ratification of the new contract, GM announced that, due to soaring gasoline prices and plummeting truck sales, it would close four additional truck and SUV plants, including the Oshawa pickup plant.{{cite web |url=http://media.gm.com/servlet/GatewayServlet?target=http://image.emerald.gm.com/gmnews/viewmonthlyreleasedetail.do?domain=3&docid=46161 |title= GM Media Online|website=media.gm.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201094715/http://media.gm.com/servlet/GatewayServlet?target=http%3A%2F%2Fimage.emerald.gm.com%2Fgmnews%2Fviewmonthlyreleasedetail.do%3Fdomain%3D3&docid=46161 |archive-date=December 1, 2008}}
In response, the CAW organized a blockade of the GM of Canada headquarters in Oshawa. The blockade was ended by an Ontario Superior Court order, after 12 days. Further discussions between GM and the CAW resulted in an agreement to compensate workers at the truck plant and additional product commitments for the Oshawa car assembly plant.{{cite web |author=Greg Keenan |date=July 28, 2008 |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20080728.RGM28/TPStory/Business |title=GM-CAW deal adds models to production line |publisher=Theglobeandmail.com |work=ReportonBusiness.com |access-date=2010-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211000623/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20080728.RGM28/TPStory/Business |archive-date=2008-12-11 |url-status=dead }}
Manufacturing facilities
| class="wikitable"
!Name ! style="white-space:nowrap" | Year commissioned !Location (Coordinates) !Description |
| style="white-space:nowrap" | CAMI Assembly
|1989 |Ingersoll, Ontario ({{nowrap|{{coord|43|01|01|N|80|53|15|W}}}}) |The plant produced the Chevrolet Equinox until 2022. It also formerly produced the GMC Terrain before production in 2017{{Cite web|url=http://gmauthority.com/blog/2017/01/2018-gmc-terrain-production-will-move-to-mexico/|title=2018 GMC Terrain Production Will Move To Mexico|website=GM Authority|access-date=2019-11-17}} was moved to San Luis Potosí Assembly in Mexico. Beginning in April 2022, GM is converting the plant into a large-scale commercial electric vehicle manufacturing plant to build the BrightDrop EV600, as well as the BrightDrop EV410, which will begin production in 2023. |
| style="white-space:nowrap" | St. Catharines Propulsion Plant
|1954 |Glendale Avenue, St. Catharines, Ontario ({{Coord|43|8|25|N|79|11|10|W}}) |The plant manufactures the GM Vortec line of engines (V6 and V8 engines), and the GF6 transmission. It is the largest volume producer of engines and transmissions in Canada. |
| Oshawa Car Assembly
|1953 / 2021 |{{Coord|43|52|3.3|N|78|51|59.0|W}} |The only GM facility producing solely Chevy Silverado pickups, and the only GM facility producing both light- and heavy-duty models. Shutting operations on December 19, 2019, the plant reopened on November 10, 2021, when the first Canadian-made Silverado was completed. GM invested C$1.3bn into plant retooling. Prior to reopening, GM said that the site would continue to be used for autonomous vehicle testing and production of vehicle stampings and other sub-assemblies. On November 5, 2020, GM announced plans to reopen the plant in January 2022 to produce the Chevrolet Silverado. Later reopening was pulled forward to 4Q 2021. |
= Former manufacturing facilities =
| class="wikitable"
!Name !Year commissioned !Year decommissioned !Coordinates !Description |
| St. Catharines Components Plant
|1929 |2010 |{{Coord|43.166 |
| 79.2613}}
|Produced engine and transmission components and final drive assemblies for powertrains. Plant last occupied by Bayshore Groups. |
| Scarborough Van Assembly
|1974 |1993 |{{Coord|43.7267 |
| 79.2919}}
|Mainly produced the Chevrolet van. The plant was first built in 1952 to produce Frigidaire refrigerators. Plant demolished and now redeveloped into retail use. |
| Regina Plant
|1931 |1941 |{{Coord|50.457592 |
| 104.596352}}
|Still standing. Used to produce munitions in World War II. The plant was closed for seven years during the great depression. Repurposed for other tenants and now subject to demolition by order of the city. |
| Sainte-Thérèse Assembly
|1965 |2004 |{{Coord|45.628369 |
| 73.850742}}
|Produced vehicles under the Chevy and Pontiac marques. The site has been redeveloped as a commercial and residential complex. |
| Windsor Transmission
|1963 |2010 |{{Coord|42.308086 |
| 83.001033}}
|Transmission operations moved to St. Catharines. It made front-wheel-drive, automatic transmissions and transmission components used by other GM facilities. |
| Oshawa Truck Assembly
|1965 |2009 |{{coord|43.8648|N|78.863|W}} |Produced Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra. Closed due to global high gasoline prices. |
| Oshawa North Plant
|1907 |2004 |{{Coord|43.903760 |
| 78.857638}}
|First GM plant in Canada. Operations were moved to the GM Autoplex (Oshawa Car Assembly). Location was used by the Oshawa Truck Assembly until operation were moved to the GM autoplex. Now re-developed for retail use. |
Canadian Technical Centre
= Oshawa Campus{{Anchor|Canadian Regional Engineering Centre}}<!-- For redirect from [[Canadian Regional Engineering Centre]] -->=
The "Canadian Technical Centre Oshawa Campus" is GM's second largest automotive software engineering and development cluster in North America and third in the world.
Located in Oshawa, Ontario, next to the plant which builds midsize cars, the CTC is where the company conducts much of its engineering and software work.{{Cite web|title=Canadian Technical Centre|url=https://media.gm.com/product/public/ca/en/gm_innovates/canadiantechnicalcentre.html|access-date=2021-12-27|website=media.gm.com}} Just {{Convert|55|acres|sqm|order=flip|abbr=on}} south of GM's Oshawa Operations is the "CTC McLaughlin Advanced Technology Track", a {{Convert|1.95|km|mi|abbr=on}} track that "supports the development and integration of software and hardware for advanced vehicle systems" including vehicle in motion embedded controls, advanced driver-assistance systems, infotainment, and advanced technology work.
The CTC in Oshawa opened in 2001 and represented a significant growth in the scope of engineering done in Canada by GM. Previously, the engineering team in Oshawa focused on making improvements to the vehicles currently in production, and the team was less than 50 engineers. After three years of growth and the construction of the CREC building, the organization grew to over 500, and work was focused on designing future products such as the next-generation Chevrolet Equinox, built in Ingersoll, Ontario, as well as supporting the highly rated car and truck plants alongside CREC in Oshawa. In addition, teams within CREC work in the areas of alternative fuels, hybrids, and fuel cell vehicles. In 2008, CREC's focus began changing, and its size reducing, due to contractions in GM's workforce in general, and the rise in the Canadian dollar. Over the past year,{{When|date=February 2011}} the engineering staff has been cut dramatically, several times,[https://www.thestar.com/Business/article/615959 GM slashes Oshawa engineering staff by 20% - thestar.com] in response to the shift in focus from mainstream vehicle development to advanced technology work (ATW). The total reduction reached more than 60% in June 2009, leaving a workforce of about 150 concentrated in various areas of ATW and heavily linked with Canadian government-supported programs such as the Automotive Innovation Network (AIN).
= Markham Campus =
The "Automotive Software Development Centre" in Markham, Ontario, is GM Canada's expansion of its Oshawa campus. It is located at the former Canadian head office site of American Express.{{Cite web|date=2017-02-06|title=GM Canada launches Canadian Technical Centre in Markham|url=https://www.ept.ca/2017/02/gm-canada-launches-canadian-technical-centre-markham/|access-date=2019-03-10|website=Electronic Products & Technology|language=en-US}}
Announced in 2016 and opened in 2017, the facility is meant to support work done on GM's advanced driver-assistance features, its fully autonomous vehicle program, and infotainment system design.{{Cite web|title=GM launches a new dedicated tech center in Canada|url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/01/22/gm-launches-a-new-dedicated-tech-center-in-canada/|access-date=2021-12-27|website=TechCrunch|date=22 January 2018 |language=en-US}}
Models produced in Canada
| class="wikitable"
!Model !Plant !Refs |
| Chevrolet Silverado
| |
| BrightDrop Zevo 600
| |
= Models formerly produced in Canada =
{{Incomplete list|date=August 2019}}
==Models exclusive to Canada==
| class="wikitable"
!Model !Year started !Year ended !Information |
| Acadian
|1962 |1971 |Canadian-built Chevy IIs |
| Asüna
|1992 |1995 |
| Beaumont
|1966 |1969 |Based on Chevrolet Chevelle |
| Envoy
|1959 |1970 |Rebadged imported British-built Vauxhall and Bedford models |
| Passport
|1988 |1991 |Rebadged imported Daewoo models. Also distributed Isuzu and Saab products. |
See also
{{Portal|Cars|Companies|Canada}}
{{div col|colwidth=32em}}
- General Motors
- Oshawa – Detailed history of the early years of GM in Canada.
- Samuel McLaughlin – The first President of GM Canada
- Final Offer – documentary film that shows the 1984 contract negotiations
- Foreign ownership of companies of Canada
- Canadian Military Pattern truck – An important part of GM Canada's contribution to the war effort in World War II
- Oshawa Generals and General Motors Centre
{{div col end}}
References
{{Reflist}}
- [http://www.autoblog.com/2006/08/29/gmc-to-add-minivan-by-2009/ GMC to add minivan, GM to discontinue others.]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20100117070719/http://www.jdpower.com/corporate/ J.D. Power website]
External links
{{Commons category}}
- {{official website}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20121104120515/http://www.gm.ca/gm/english/corporate/about/ourhistory/overview Timeline of General Motors of Canada history]
- [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/economy/16-canadians-we-want-back/article12753871/ A history of General motors in Canada]
- [http://www.ctvnews.ca/gm-canada-says-245-dealerships-getting-axed-1.400310 CTV news: GM Canada says 245 dealerships getting axed]
{{General Motors}}
{{Automotive industry in Canada}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Car manufacturers of Canada