:Global Initiative on Psychiatry

{{Short description|International non-governmental organisation}}

{{Infobox organization

|name = Global Initiative on Psychiatry

|image = GIP_logo.png

|caption =

|headquarters = Lorentzweg 45 B 1221 EE, Hilversum, Netherlands

|subsidiaries = * Working Group on the Internment of Dissenters in Mental Hospitals;

Committee of French Psychiatrists Against the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes;
German Association Against the Political Abuse of Psychiatry;
International Podrabinek Fund;
Swiss Association Against Psychiatric Abuse for Political Purposes

|fields = psychiatry

|membership =

|leader_title = 1986–present Chief Executive

|leader_name = Robert van Voren, Ph.D.

|formation = {{start date and age|1980|10|20|df=y}}

|founder = Gérard Bles

|type = Non-profit
NGO

|website = {{url|http://www.gip-global.org}}

}}

Global Initiative on Psychiatry (GIP) is an international foundation for mental health reform which took part in the campaign against the political abuse of psychiatry in the USSR.{{harvnb|Donskis|2009|p=314}}; {{harvnb|Leygraf|2010}}; {{harvnb|Narayan|2013}} The organization is of NGO type.{{sfn|Pallot|Piacentini|Moran|2012|p=234}}

Headquartered in Hilversum, GIP has regional centers in Tbilisi, Sofia, and Vilnius, and a country office in Dushanbe.{{sfn|GIP|2015}}

GIP is a main contributor to improving psychiatric care in countries of the former Soviet Union as well as Central and Eastern Europe.{{harvnb|GIP|2015}}; {{harvnb|Voren|2006}} It has expanded its focus and as of 2010 is including projects in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean.{{sfn|GIP|2015}}

GIP also focuses on the political abuse of psychiatry throughout the world{{harvnb|Tobin|2013}}; {{harvnb|Voren|2010b}} and human rights monitoring.{{sfn|Voren|2009|p=xii}}

History

20 December 1980 saw the formation in Paris of the International Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry (IAPUP) whose first secretary was Dr Gérard Bles of France.{{sfn|Bloch|Reddaway|1985|p=273}} Since the Congress in Honolulu in 1978, he has inspired the movement against the use of psychiatry for political ends.{{sfn|Besse|2006}} The organization campaigned against the political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union{{sfn|Birley|2000}} by leading efforts within national and international psychiatric organizations to eradicate this systematic abuse.{{sfn|Mossialos|Murthy|McDaid|2003}} The IAPUP had no connection with any political group nor with antipsychiatry.{{sfn|Matas|1989}} The organization brought together and coordinated independent groups dedicated to the struggle against political abuse of psychiatry and composed of psychiatrists and human rights activists from Canada, France, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and West Germany.{{sfn|Matas|1989}} During its first two decades IAPUP, investigated the accusations of oppressive exploitation in a number of countries such as Argentina, Bulgaria, Chile, Czechoslovakia, Cuba, Eastern Germany, Hungary, Romania, South Africa, the Netherlands, and Yugoslavia.{{CN|date=April 2023}} The publication of the IAPUP was Information Bulletin.{{sfn|Wiseberg|Sirett|1982|p=119}} The IAPUP included the following participating committees:{{sfn|Wiseberg|Sirett|1982|p=119}}

Working Group on the Internment of Dissenters in Mental Hospitals;
Committee of French Psychiatrists Against the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes;
German Association Against the Political Abuse of Psychiatry;
International Podrabinek Fund;
Swiss Association Against Psychiatric Abuse for Political Purposes.

In 1986, Robert van Voren became General Secretary of the IAPUP.{{sfn|Voren|2010a|p=111}} After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the financing of the IAPUP headed by Robert van Voren ceased until it adopted program of broad compromises and, correspondingly, the opposite name of The International Association for the Abolition and Prevention of Political Psychiatry, or Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry.{{sfn|Savenko|2009}} In 2005, the organization was renamed Global Initiative on Psychiatry (GIP).{{harvnb|Tobin|2013}}; {{harvnb|Voren|2010b}} From 1995 to 2000, Chair of the Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry was James Birley.{{sfn|Birley|2004}}

Leadership

The board is composed of professionals from some twenty countries.{{sfn|Adler|Mueller|Ayat|1993}} Chief Executive of the Global Initiative on Psychiatry is Robert van Voren,{{harvnb|Leygraf|2010}}; {{harvnb|Targum|Chaban|Mykhnyak|2013}} a Honorary Fellow of the British Royal College of Psychiatrists and Honorary Member of the Ukrainian Psychiatric Association.{{sfn|Donskis|2009|p=314}} In 2005, he was knighted by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands for his work as a human rights activist.{{sfn|Donskis|2009|p=314}} He is a professor of Soviet and post-Soviet Studies in the Ilia State University in Tbilisi (Georgia) and in the Vytautas Magnus University in Kaunas (Lithuania).{{harvnb|Voren|2013}}; {{harvnb|Clark|2014}}

Approach

The Global Initiative on Psychiatry uses a local approach to helping the mentally ill in underprivileged countries around the world. In Robert van Voren's words, their idea is that "mental health services should be locally empowered, locally adapted, community based, user oriented, and focused on keeping people with mental illness in society, instead of taking them out."{{sfn|Levin|2013}} The organization has been involved in deinstitutionalizing mental health services for children in post-Communist countries.{{sfn|McLeigh|Sianko|2011}} The GIP dedicates itself to promoting the necessary reforms to implement "humane, ethical, and effective mental health care throughout the world."{{sfn|Banerjee|2012}} Reports by the Global Initiative on Psychiatry are often comprehensive and consider the treatment options.{{sfn|Buckingham|Schrage|Cournos|2013}} The organization has campaigned with substantial success against poor mental health practices abroad, especially in China and the former communist states.{{sfn|Richmond|2013}} Robert van Voren's contribution to reform of forensic psychiatry in states of the former Soviet Union is widely recognized.{{sfn|Gordon|2006}}

References

Sources

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{{vcite journal|author={{aut|Banerjee, Anwesha}}|title=Cross-cultural variance of schizophrenia in symptoms, diagnosis and treatment|journal=The Georgetown Undergraduate Journal of Health Sciences|date=July 2012|volume=6|issue=2|pages=18–24|url=https://blogs.commons.georgetown.edu/journal-of-health-sciences/issues-2/vol-6-no-2-july-2012/cross-cultural-variance-of-schizophrenia-in-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811145056/https://blogs.commons.georgetown.edu/journal-of-health-sciences/files/Banerjee-2012-GUJHS-6-2-Cross-Cultural-Variance-of-Schizophrenia-in-Symptoms-Diagnosis-and-Treatment.pdf|archivedate=11 August 2015|url-status=live|harvid=Banerjee2012}}
{{vcite book|author={{aut|Besse, Antoine}}|chapter=La psychiatrie française et sa représentation internationale|trans_chapter=French psychiatry and its international image|editor={{aut|Bokobza, Hervé}} (ed.)|title=La psychiatrie en péril. En dépit des Etats généraux|trans_title=Psychiatry in peril. Despite its general condition|year=2006|isbn=9782749206738|pages=187–191|publisher=ERES|language=French|harvid=Besse2006}}
{{vcite journal|author={{aut|Birley, Jim}}|title=Political abuse of psychiatry|journal=Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica|date=January 2000|volume=101|issue=399|pages=13–15|doi=10.1111/j.0902-4441.2000.007s020[dash]3.x|pmid=10794019|harvid=Birley2000}}
{{vcite journal|author={{aut|Birley, Jim}}|title=Political abuse of psychiatry|journal=Psychiatry|date=1 March 2004|volume=3|issue=3|pages=22–25|doi=10.1383/psyt.3.3.22.30675|pmid=|harvid=Birley2004}}
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{{vcite journal|author={{aut|Buckingham, Elizabeth; Schrage, Ezra; Cournos, Francine}}|title=Why the treatment of mental disorders is an important component of HIV prevention among people who inject drugs|journal=Advances in Preventive Medicine|date=17 January 2013|doi=10.1155/2013/690386|pmid=23401785|pmc=3562640|harvid=BuckinghamSchrageCournos2013}}
{{vcite journal|author={{aut|Clark, Fiona}}|title=Is psychiatry being used for political repression in Russia?|journal=The Lancet|date=11 January 2014|volume=383|issue=9912|pages=114–115|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62706-3|url=http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)62706-3/fulltext?rss=yes|pmid=24422214|harvid=Clark2014}}
{{vcite book|author={{aut|Donskis, Leonidas}}|title=A Litmus test case of modernity: examining modern sensibilities and the public domain in the Baltic States at the turn of the century|year=2009|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=3-0343-0335-1|pages=314|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ombc0FXnpaQC&pg=PA314|harvid=Donskis2009}}
{{vcite journal|author={{aut|Gordon, Harvey}}|title=Reform of forensic psychiatry in the former Soviet Union|journal=Psychiatric Bulletin|date=31 July 2006|volume=30|issue=8|page=313|doi=10.1192/pb.30.8.313|harvid=Gordon2006}}
{{vcite journal|author={{aut|Levin, Aaron}}|title=Global Initiative on Psychiatry|journal=Psychiatric News|date=1 February 2013|volume=48|issue=3|page=12|doi=10.1176/appi.pn.2013.2a17|url=http://psychnews.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176%2Fappi.pn.2013.2a17|accessdate=2 March 2013|publisher=American Psychiatric Association|harvid=Levin2013}}
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{{vcite journal|author={{aut|McLeigh, Jill; Sianko, Natallia}}|title=What should be done to promote mental health around the world?|journal=American Journal of Orthopsychiatry|date=January 2011|volume=81|issue=1|pages=83–89|doi=10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01074.x|pmid=21219278|harvid=McLeighSianko2011}}
{{vcite journal|author={{aut|Mossialos, Elias; Murthy, Anant; McDaid, David}}|title=European Union enlargement: will mental health be forgotten again?|journal=European Journal of Public Health|date=March 2003|volume=13|issue=1|pages=2–3|doi=10.1093/eurpub/13.1.2|pmid=12678306|url=http://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/content/eurpub/13/1/2.full.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306043523/http://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/content/eurpub/13/1/2.full.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-03-06|harvid=MossialosMurthyMcDaid2003}}
{{vcite journal|author={{aut|Narayan, Choudhary}}|title=Political abuse of psychiatry|journal=Indian Journal of Psychiatry|date=January 2013|volume=55|issue=1|pages=96|pmid=23436943|pmc=3574467|doi=10.4103/0019-5545.105529|harvid=Narayan2013}}
{{vcite book|author={{aut|Pallot, Judith; Piacentini, Laura; Moran, Dominique}}|title=Gender, geography, and punishment: the experience of women in carceral Russia|year=2012|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=0199658617|pages=234|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0wz_smJfsd4C&pg=PA234|harvid=PallotPiacentiniMoran2012}}
{{vcite news|author={{aut|Richmond, Caroline}}|title=Jim Birley obituary. Leading social psychiatrist who transformed the understanding of schizophrenia|work=The Guardian|date=24 October 2013|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2013/oct/24/jim-birley|harvid=Richmond2013}}
{{vcite journal|author={{aut|Savenko, Yuri [Юрий Савенко]}}|title=20-летие НПА России|trans_title=20th anniversary of the IPA of Russia|journal=Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal The Independent Psychiatric Journal|year=2009|issue=1|pages=5–18|url=http://www.npar.ru/journal/2009/1/01-20.htm|accessdate=20 July 2011|issn=1028-8554|language=Russian|harvid=Savenko2009}}
{{vcite journal|author={{aut|Targum, Steven; Chaban, Oleh; Mykhnyak, Serhiy}}|title=Psychiatry in the Ukraine|journal=Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience|date=April 2013|volume=10|issue=4|pages=41–46|pmid=23696959|pmc=3659038|harvid=TargumChabanMykhnyak2013}}
{{vcite journal|author={{aut|Tobin, John}}|title=Editorial: political abuse of psychiatry in authoritarian systems|journal=Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine|date=June 2013|volume=30|issue=2|pages=97–102|doi=10.1017/ipm.2013.23|url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8944217|publisher=College of Psychiatrists of Ireland|harvid=Tobin2013}}
{{vcite journal|author={{aut|Voren, Robert van}}|title=Reforming forensic psychiatry and prison mental health in the former Soviet Union|journal=Psychiatric Bulletin|date=31 March 2006|volume=30|issue=4|pages=124–126|doi=10.1192/pb.30.4.124|url=http://pb.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/full/30/4/124|harvid=Voren2006}}
{{vcite book|author={{aut|Voren, Robert van}}|title=On dissidents and madness: from the Soviet Union of Leonid Brezhnev to the "Soviet Union" of Vladimir Putin|year=2009|publisher=Rodopi|location=Amsterdam—New York|isbn=978-90-420-2585-1|pages=xii|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tyDIKu8XsgcC|harvid=Voren2009}}
{{vcite book|author={{aut|Voren, Robert van}}|title=Cold war in psychiatry: human factors, secret actors|year=2010a|publisher=Rodopi|location=Amsterdam—New York|isbn=90-420-3048-8|pages=111|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ru3-kQAACAAJ|harvid=Voren2010a}}
{{vcite journal|author={{aut|Voren, Robert van}}|title=Political abuse of psychiatry—an historical overview|journal=Schizophrenia Bulletin|volume=36|issue=1|pages=33–35|year=2010b|pmid=19892821|pmc=2800147|doi=10.1093/schbul/sbp119|url=http://www.gip-global.org/images/46/516.pdf|harvid=Voren2010b|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726102504/http://www.gip-global.org/images/46/516.pdf|archivedate=2011-07-26|df=}}
{{vcite journal|author={{aut|Voren, Robert van}}|title=Психиатрия как средство репрессий в советских и постсоветских странах [Psychiatry as a tool of coercion in post-Soviet countries]|journal=Вестник Ассоциации психиатров Украины [The Herald of the Ukrainian Psychiatric Association]|year=2013|issue=5|url=http://www.mif-ua.com/archive/article/37543|publisher=The Ukrainian Psychiatric Association|language=Russian|harvid=Voren2013}}
{{vcite book|author={{aut|Wiseberg, Laurie; Sirett, Hazel}}|title=Human rights directory, Western Europe: a directory of organizations in Western Europe concerned with issues of human rights and social justice|year=1982|publisher=Human Rights Internet|isbn=0939338017|page=119|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gzsUAQAAIAAJ|harvid=WisebergSirett1982}}
{{vcite web|title=What GIP does|url=http://www.gip-global.org/organization/what-f-gip-does/|publisher=Global Initiative on Psychiatry|accessdate=31 July 2015|harvid=GIP2015}}