:Government of Croatia
{{Short description|Main executive branch of government in Croatia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Good article}}
{{Infobox executive government
| government_name = Government of the Republic of Croatia
| nativename = {{native name|hr|Vlada Republike Hrvatske}}
| border =
| image = Croatian Government logo.png
| image_width =
| caption =
| date = {{Start date and age|1990|05|30|df=y}}
| state = Republic of Croatia
| polity =
| address =Banski dvori
St. Mark's Square 2, Zagreb, Croatia
| coordinates =
| leader_title = Prime Minister
| appointed =
| budget =
| main_organ = Croatian Parliament
| ministries = 18 (2024)
| responsible =
| url = {{URL|http://www.vlada.gov.hr}}
}}
The Government of Croatia ({{langx|hr|Vlada Hrvatske}}), formally the Government of the Republic of Croatia ({{lang|hr|Vlada Republike Hrvatske}}), commonly abbreviated to Croatian Government ({{lang|hr|hrvatska Vlada}}), is the main executive branch of government in Croatia. It is led by the president of the Government ({{lang|hr|predsjednik Vlade}}), informally abbreviated to premier ({{lang|hr|premijer}}) or prime minister. The prime minister is nominated by the president of the Republic from among those candidates who enjoy majority support in the Croatian Parliament ({{lang|hr|Sabor}}); the candidate is then chosen by the Parliament. There are 20 other government members, serving as deputy prime ministers, government ministers or both; they are chosen by the prime minister and confirmed by the Parliament. The Government of the Republic of Croatia exercises its executive powers in conformity with the Croatian Constitution and legislation enacted by the Croatian Parliament. The current government is led by Prime Minister Andrej Plenković.
Following the Croatian–Hungarian Settlement of 1868, the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia and the Government of the Land or officially the Royal Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian Government of the Land ({{lang|hr|Zemaljska vlada}} or {{lang|hr|Kraljevska hrvatsko-slavonsko-dalmatinska zemaljska vlada}})—headed by a crown-appointed ban—were established. This government existed until the Austria-Hungary breakup and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes' creation in 1918. In 1939, the Banovina of Croatia was established and a head of the Banovina of Croatia (Ban) was appointed by the crown, but no effective government was formed before World War II. In 1943, the ZAVNOH established an executive board to act as a new government. The Socialist Republic of Croatia, as a part of federal Yugoslavia, had a separate government (from 1953 to 1990 known as the Executive Council, appointed by the Sabor) with limited powers (excluding defence and foreign relations; this was similar to all the previous governmental forms). Following the first multi-party elections and the adoption of the present Constitution of Croatia in 1990, the present governmental form was adopted and Stjepan Mesić became the first person to lead a non-communist government (under Government of Yugoslavia), while Josip Manolić was the first prime minister of an independent Croatia. Since the introduction of multi-party democracy, the Republic of Croatia has had fourteen governments headed by twelve different prime ministers. Nine governments have been formed by the Croatian Democratic Union, three by the Social Democratic Party of Croatia, one was headed by a non-partisan prime minister and one was a national unity government (formed during the Croatian War of Independence's peak).
Terminology
The term "government" in Croatia ({{lang|hr|Vlada}}) primarily refers to the executive branch, as used by the government itself, the press and colloquially, as that branch of the government ({{lang|hr|vlast}}) is responsible for day-to-day governance of the nation ({{lang|hr|uprava}}); this sense is intended when it is said that a political party forms the government.{{cite news|publisher=BBC News|title=Croatia country profile|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1097128.stm|date=20 July 2011|access-date=16 November 2011}}{{cite news|publisher=BBC News|title=Social Democrat Ivo Josipovic elected Croatia president|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8450380.stm|date=11 January 2010|access-date=16 November 2011}}{{cite web|publisher=Croatian Government|title=About Croatian Government|url=http://www.vlada.hr/en/naslovnica/o_vladi_rh|access-date=16 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318045625/http://www.vlada.hr/en/naslovnica/o_vladi_rh|archive-date=18 March 2010}}
Structure and powers
{{Politics of Croatia}}
{{See also|Politics of Croatia}}
{{multiple image
|align = left
|direction = vertical
|width = 220
|image1 = Vlada RH.jpg
|caption1 = Banski dvori, headquarters of the Government of the Republic of Croatia
|image2 = Premier Morawiecki spotkał się z premierem Chorwacji Andrej Plenković w Zagrzeb (2021.11.23) 6.jpg
|caption2 = Ban Jelačić Hall, the main hall for bilateral meetings in Banski dvori complex
}}
The government, the main executive power of the Croatian state, is headed by the prime minister (PM). The PM currently has four deputies (elected by the Croatian Parliament), who also serve as government ministers; there are 16 other ministers, who are appointed by the prime minister with the approval of the Sabor (by absolute majority vote). The government ministers are each in charge of a particular sector of activity such as Foreign Affairs. The prime minister and all the deputies form an inner cabinet, tasked with coordinating and supervising the work of government ministers on behalf of the PM; the inner cabinet also prepares materials for meetings of the full government cabinet (consisting of the inner cabinet and the remaining 16 ministers). The first deputy prime minister also discharges the duties of the prime minister when the latter is incapacitated or absent.{{cite news|newspaper=Narodne Novine|url=http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2011_12_150_3084.html|title=Zakon o Vladi Republike Hrvatske|trans-title=Government of the Republic of Croatia Act|language=hr|date=22 December 2011|access-date=13 February 2012}} State secretaries ({{langx|hr|državni tajnici}}) are the highest officials below each minister. There are one or more State secretaries in the ministries. Each State secretary is appointed by the government for the term of the minister, and is responsible to the minister. They act as deputy ministers and attend meetings only exceptionally. State secretaries are also heads of the Central State Offices (see below).
The executive branch is responsible for proposing legislation and a budget, executing the laws and guiding the foreign and internal policies of the republic. The government's official residence is at the Banski dvori in Zagreb.{{cite web|publisher=Croatian Government|url=http://www.vlada.hr/en/about_croatia/information/political_structure|title=Political Structure|date=6 May 2007|access-date=14 October 2011|archive-date=5 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905201133/http://www.vlada.hr/en/about_croatia/information/political_structure}} Although the cabinet normally meets at the Banski dvori, occasionally its meetings are held elsewhere in the country.{{cite news|newspaper=Večernji list|language=hr|url=http://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/unatoc-nezadovoljstvu-sdp-a-jakovcic-ce-sutra-potpisati-projekt-clanak-314297|title=Unatoč nezadovoljstvu SDP-a, Jakovčić će sutra potpisati projekt|trans-title=Despite dissatisfaction of the SDP, Jakovčić signs the project tomorrow|date=28 July 2011|author=Tamara Opačak-Klobučar|access-date=14 November 2011}}
The Government of the Republic of Croatia exercises its executive powers in conformity with the Croatian Constitution and legislation enacted by the Croatian Parliament, the Sabor ({{langx|hr|Hrvatski sabor}}). Its structure, operational procedures and decision-making processes are defined by the Government of the Republic of Croatia Act (2011 with 2014 and 2016 amendments) and the Government Rules of Procedure (2015 with 2015 amendments). The Constitution mandates that the government proposes legislation and other documents to the parliament, proposes the budget and gives financial reports, implements Acts and other decisions of the parliament, enacts any regulations required to implement the Acts, defines foreign and internal policies, directs and oversees the operation of state administration, promotes the economic development of the country, directs the activities and development of public services and performs other activities conforming to the provisions of the Constitution and applicable legislation. The government also passes regulations and administrative acts and orders appointments and removals of appointed officials and civil servants within the scope of its powers. It makes rulings in cases of conflicts of jurisdiction between governmental institutions, responds to questions asked parliamentary majority and opposition representatives,{{cite news|newspaper=Jutarnji list|url=http://www.jutarnji.hr/prvi-aktualni-sat-nove-vlade-u-saboru--pitanja-za-milanovica-pripremilo-desetak-hdz-ovaca-i-nitko-iz-sdp-a/1000692/|language=hr|title=Početak prve sjednice novog saziva Sabora obilježio je sukob HDSSB-a i SDSS-a|trans-title=Start of the first session of new Sabor assembly marked by clash of HDSSB and SDSS|author=Suzana Barilar |author2=Nikola Sever-Šeni |date=18 January 2012|access-date=13 February 2012}} prepares proposals of new legislation and other regulations, gives opinions on legislation and other regulations and adopts strategies for the economic and social development of the country.{{cite news|newspaper=Narodne Novine|url=http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2011_12_150_3084.html|language=hr|title=Zakon o Vladi Republike Hrvatske|trans-title=Government of the Republic of Croatia Act|date=22 December 2011|access-date=27 December 2011}}{{cite news|newspaper=Narodne Novine|language=hr|url=http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2010_07_85_2422.html|title=Ustav Republike Hrvatske|trans-title=Constitution of the Republic of Croatia|date=9 July 2010|access-date=11 October 2011}}
File:Ministry of Foreign Affairs building (Croatia).jpg building|alt=Building in formal style behind scattered trees]]
The government manages state property of the Republic of Croatia unless special legislation provides otherwise. It may appoint special committees to manage the property on its behalf; this process is implemented through appointed members of supervisory boards and managing boards of companies partially or wholly owned by the Republic of Croatia. The government also determines these appointees' salaries. It maintains specialized bodies, agencies and offices—including the Legislation Office, the Office for Human Rights and the Rights of National Minorities and Public Relations Service—that are required by the Government Act of 2011, as well as committees to decide administrative matters. Various branches of government may establish joint services. There are further entities established by the government as companies designed to support the aims of the Government, such as the Croatian Bank for Reconstruction and Development that strives to fund the reconstruction and development of the economy of Croatia.{{cite web|publisher=Croatian Bank for Reconstruction and Development|url=http://www.hbor.hr/Default.aspx?sec=1487|title=About HBOR|access-date=14 November 2011}}
Local (city/municipality) and regional (county)
governments are separate from the central government; the latter maintains a State Administration Office in each county, under the Ministry of Public Administration.{{cite web|publisher=Ministry of Administration|url=http://www.uprava.hr/default.aspx?id=466|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605093334/http://www.uprava.hr/default.aspx?id=466|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 June 2011|language=hr|title=Ustrojstvo državne uprave i struktura upravljanja|trans-title=State Administration System and Administration Structure|access-date=14 November 2011}}
This is a responsible government to the Croatian Parliament, which may recall it as a whole or in part by an absolute majority vote (majority of all MPs) following a request for a confidence vote by one fifth of the parliament members or by the prime minister. The prime minister and other members are jointly responsible for decisions passed by their government and individually responsible for their respective portfolios (areas of responsibility). The President of the Republic appoints the prime minister, who must then secure a vote of confidence from the Croatian Parliament (majority of all MPs); the appointment is therefore counter-signed by the speaker of the parliament to signify this. The prime minister appoints members approved by the Croatian Parliament (again signified via a counter-signature by the speaker of the parliament). The rules of procedure and regulations enacted by the government must be published in Narodne novine—the official gazette of Croatia—to bind.
= Offices and agencies =
| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
! colspan=2| Offices of the Croatian GovernmentThese are supporting offices of (services for) the cabinet; each is run by a Head of the Office (Director).{{cite web|publisher=Croatian Government|url=http://www.vlada.hr/hr/naslovnica/o_vladi_rh/uredi_vlade|language=hr|title=Uredi Vlade|trans-title=Government Offices|access-date=14 November 2011|archive-date=23 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123141106/http://www.vlada.hr/hr/naslovnica/o_vladi_rh/uredi_vlade|url-status=dead}} | |
| Name || Responsibilities | |
|---|---|
| Office of the President of the Government | Advisory, analytical and administrative services for the President of the Government (prime minister){{cite news|newspaper=Narodne Novine|language=hr|url=http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2013_12_145_3091.html|title=Uredba o Uredu predsjednika Vlade Republike Hrvatske|trans-title=Regulation on Office of the President of the Government of the Republic of Croatia|date=6 December 2013|access-date=10 February 2017}} |
| Legislation Office | Furnishes opinions on the compliance of proposed legislation with the Constitution |
| Office for the Protocol | Organisational and technical tasks required by the Government or the President of Croatia related to preparation for official visits of Croatian government officials abroad and foreign officials in Croatia; planning and control of expenditures related to these visits and other related tasks |
| General Administration Office of the Croatian Parliament and Croatian Government | Administrative, analytical, financial and other tasks required by the Parliament or the Government |
| Office for Human Rights and the Rights of National Minorities | Develops, implements and monitors human rights protection and promotion systems. Implements policies for national minority rights |
| Office for Cooperation with NGOs | Cooperates with Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) |
| Office of the Committee for Relations with Religious Communities | Performs expert, administrative and other tasks related to relations with religious communities |
| Office for Gender Equality | Administrative tasks promoting gender equality |
| Office for Mine Action | Providing expert analyses and advice for demining{{cite web|publisher=Croatian Government|url=https://mine.gov.hr/o-uredu/9|title=Ured za razminiranje|language=hr|trans-title=Office for Demining|date=10 February 2017|access-date=10 February 2017}} |
| Office of the Representative of the Republic of Croatia before the European Court of Human Rights | Manages activities of the Croatian representative (agent) before the ECHR |
| Office for Internal Audit | Internal audit services for Government bodies and offices (and other entities financed through the budget) |
| Directorate for the Use of Official Aircraft | Service organised as the operator of aircraft owned by the Republic of Croatia for occasional independent air transport for the needs of state authorities in national and international civilian air transport |
| Public Relations Service | Informs the public about the activities of the Government |
| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
! colspan=2| Central State Administrative OfficesThese support the central government as a whole in terms of strategy coordination and infrastructure; each is headed by a State Secretary.{{cite web|publisher=Croatian Government|url=http://www.vlada.hr/hr/adresar_i_linkovi/drzavni_uredi|language=hr|title=Državni uredi|trans-title=Central State Administrative Offices|access-date=29 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407035113/http://vlada.hr/hr/adresar_i_linkovi/drzavni_uredi|archive-date=7 April 2014}} | |
| Name || Responsibilities | |
|---|---|
| Central State Office for Public Procurement | Purchases for the central Government |
| Central State Office for Croats Abroad | Coordination and monitoring of the activities between the competent authorities for cooperation between the Republic of Croatia and the Croatians outside the Republic of Croatia |
| Central State Office for Sports | Performs administrative and expert tasks in the field of development and promotion of sports and its role in society |
| Central State Office for Reconstruction and Housing | Planning, preparation, organization and supervision of housing and reconstruction for refugees, displaced persons and returnees, former tenancy rights holders and other beneficiaries of housing programmes in accordance with a special regulation |
| Central State Office for Digital Society Development | Coordinates the development and implementation of information and communication technology in public digital services. Performs technical tasks of establishing and maintaining a digital Central catalog of official documents of the Republic of Croatia, publication of data on the Central State Portal |
=Operations=
Government meetings are typically public. It may close any part of its sessions (or entire sessions) to the public. The prime minister may authorise any deputy to represent the PM and otherwise take over any particular task assigned to the PM. The quorum for government sessions is a majority of government members. Most decisions are reached by a simple majority vote; a two-thirds majority vote is required for decisions about changes to the Croatian Constitution, uniting with other states or transferring any part of Croatian sovereignty to supranational organisations, changes to Croatian borders, dissolution of the parliament, or calling a referendum.
The inner or core cabinet (the prime minister and the PM's deputies) monitors and discusses the operation of the government, and may hold preliminary discussions on any matter performed by the government. The core cabinet may act as the government in emergencies when the government is unable to meet. Its decisions must be verified at the next government session to remain in force. The Government Secretary coordinates agencies, offices and other services subordinated to the government.
Current cabinet
| class="wikitable"
! style="text-align: center;" | Portfolio ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Minister ! style="text-align: center;" | Took office ! style="text-align: center;" | Party |
| colspan="5" style="text-align: center;" | Prime Minister's Office |
| Prime Minister
| style="background:{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union}};"| | 17 May 2024 | HDZ |
| colspan="5" style="text-align: center;" | Deputy Prime Ministers |
| Agriculture
| style="background:{{party color|Homeland Movement (Croatia)}};"| | 11 February 2025 | DP |
| Construction, Physical Planning and State Property
| style="background:{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union}};"| | 17 May 2024 | HDZ |
| Croatian Veterans
| style="background:{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union}};"| | 17 May 2024 | HDZ |
| Defence
| style="background:{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union}};" | | 17 May 2024 | HDZ |
| Finance
| style="background:{{party color|Independent}};"| | 17 May 2024 |
| Interior
| style="background:{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union}};"| | 17 May 2024 | HDZ |
| Maritime Affairs, Transport and Infrastructure
| style="background:{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union}};"| | 17 May 2024 | HDZ |
| colspan="6" style="text-align: center;" | Ministers |
| Culture and Media
| style="background:{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union}};" | | 17 May 2024 | HDZ |
| Demographics and Immigration
| style="background:{{party color|Homeland Movement (Croatia)}};" | | 17 May 2024 |DP |
| Economy
| style="background:{{party color|Homeland Movement (Croatia)}};" | | 17 May 2024 |DP |
| Environmental Protection
| style="background:{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union}};" | | 17 May 2024 | HDZ |
| Foreign and European Affairs
| style="background:{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union}};" | | 17 May 2024 | HDZ |
| Health
| style="background:{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union}};" | | 6 December 2024 | HDZ |
| Justice and Public Administration
| style="background:{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union}};" | | 17 May 2024 | HDZ |
| Labour and Pension System, Family and Social Policy
| style="background:{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union}};" | | 17 May 2024 | HDZ |
| Regional Development and EU funds
| style="background:{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union}};" | | 17 May 2024 | HDZ |
| Science and Education
| style="background:{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union}};" | | 17 May 2024 | HDZ |
| Tourism and Sports
| style="background:{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union}};" | | 17 May 2024 | HDZ |
| colspan="11" align="left" | |
History
{{See also|Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia|Politics of the Socialist Republic of Croatia}}
File:Pavao Rauch and dignitaries in Zagreb.JPG Pavao Rauch at St. Mark's Square in Zagreb, with Banski dvori in the background|alt=Group of people in formal garb, including swords]]
Short-lived Croatian Royal Council (1767–79), appointed by queen Maria Theresa, was a central authority administering economic, political and military matters in Kingdom of Croatia.Goldstein, Ivo (1999.) Croatia: A History. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, [https://books.google.com/books?id=HJexhW3C0TIC&dq=croatian+royal+1767&pg=PA52 p. 52] Ban's Council ({{langx|hr|Bansko vijeće}}) of 1848–1850 was the first executive council established in Croatia. It acted as an administrative body governing Croatia (and Slavonia) within the Austrian Empire as a government, later to be replaced by the Ban's Government (1850–1854), Royal Lieutenancy for Croatia and Slavonia (1854–1861), and Royal Lieutenancy Council (1861–1868) in Zagreb (with Royal Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian Chancellery in Vienna, 1862–1868).{{cite journal|journal=Arhivski vjesnik|publisher=Croatian State Archives|issn=0570-9008|title=Pisarnica i sustav uredskog poslovanja Banskog vijeća (1848.-1850)|trans-title=Registry and Record-Keeping System of the Ban's Council (1848–1850)|language=hr|author=Rajka Bućin|pages=25–55|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=46363|issue=51|date=December 2008|volume=51|access-date=10 November 2011}}
Following the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and the subsequent Croatian–Hungarian Settlement of 1868, the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia was established, along with the Government of the Land, officially the Royal Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian Government of the Land ({{langx|hr|Zemaljska vlada}} or Kraljevska hrvatsko-slavonsko-dalmatinska zemaljska vlada) headed by a crown-appointed ban. The establishment was carried out during the administration of Ban Levin Rauch.{{cite journal|journal=Scrinia Slavonica|issn=1332-4853|publisher=Hrvatski institut za povijest – Podružnica za povijest Slavonije, Srijema i Baranje|title= Hrvatsko-ugarski odnosi od sredinjega vijeka do nagodbe iz 1868. s posebnim osvrtom na pitanja Slavonije|trans-title=Croatian-Hungarian relations from the Middle Ages to the Compromise of 1868, with a special survey of the Slavonian issue|language=hr|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=68144|author= Ladislav Heka|date=October 2008|volume=8|issue=1|pages=152–173|access-date=16 October 2011}}{{cite journal|journal=Politička Misao|issn=0032-3241|publisher=University of Zagreb, Faculty of Political Sciences|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=38709&lang=en|language=hr|title=Političko-teritorijalna podjela i opseg civilne Hrvatske u godinama sjedinjenja s vojnom Hrvatskom 1871.-1886.|trans-title=Political and Territorial Division and Extent of Civilian Croatia in Years of Unification with the Military Croatia 1871–1886|pages=159–172|author=Branko Dubravica|volume=38|issue=3|date=January 2002|access-date=10 November 2011}} This government form continued until the breakup of Austria-Hungary and creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918. In total, 15 Bans acted as heads of the government in this period.{{cite book|title=World War I: encyclopedia, Volume 1|author1=Spencer Tucker|author2=Priscilla Mary Roberts|isbn=978-1-85109-420-2|page=1286|year=2005|publisher=ABC-CLIO|access-date=27 October 2011|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2YqjfHLyyj8C}} The Royal Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian Government was not a parliamentary government, as its cabinet ministers and its head (Ban) were not appointed or confirmed by the Croatian Parliament (Sabor), but by Hungarian-Croatian government in Budapest.
In the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Cvetković–Maček Agreement was made in 1939; it established the Banovina of Croatia and Ivan Šubašić was appointed as ban to head the Croatian government (Ban's Government, {{langx|hr|Banska vlast}}).{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ORSMBFwjAKcC|author1=Matjaž Klemenčič|author2=Mitja Žagar|title=The former Yugoslavia's diverse peoples: a reference sourcebook|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2004|isbn=978-1-57607-294-3|access-date=17 October 2011|pages=121–123}} Still, an effective government was not formed before the onset of World War II.{{cite journal|journal=Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu|issn=0584-9063|publisher=University of Split, Faculty of Law|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=60049|title=Jugoslavija: unitarna država ili federacija povijesne težnje srpskoga i hrvatskog naroda – jedan od uzroka raspada Jugoslavije|trans-title=Yugoslavia: A Unitary State or Federation – Historical Aspirations of Serbs and Croats – One of the Causes of the Dissolution of Yugoslavia|language=hr|pages=287–314|date=June 2009|volume=46|issue=2|access-date=10 November 2011}}
File:A_báni_palota_1895_Dunky.png during the visit of Emperor Franz Joseph I in 1895.]]
In June 1943, the National Anti-Fascist Council of the People's Liberation of Croatia (ZAVNOH) established an 11-member executive board to act as the new government of Croatia.{{cite journal|journal=Arhivski vjesnik|publisher=Croatian State Archives|issn=0570-9008|title=O arhivskoj građi ZAVNOH-a u Arhivu Hrvatske|trans-title=On Archive Materials on the ZAVNOH in the Archives of Croatia|language=hr|author=Josipa Bosiljka Paver|pages=87–92|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=105034|issue=33|date=November 1989|access-date=10 November 2011}} The first People's Government of the Federal State of Croatia (led by Vladimir Bakarić) was founded at the extraordinary session of the Presidency of the National Anti-Fascist Council of the People's Liberation of Croatia (ZAVNOH), which was held on April 14, 1945, in Split.
People's Republic of Croatia, from 1963 Socialist Republic of Croatia, a part of Yugoslavia, maintained its own government (of limited powers, excluding defence and foreign relations). The government was appointed by and responsible to the Sabor. During the Communist era, there were 14 governments of Croatia. From 1953 to 1990 the official name of the government was the Executive Council of the Sabor ({{langx|hr|Izvršno vijeće Sabora}}).{{cite journal|journal=Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci|issn=1330-349X|publisher=University of Rijeka, Faculty of Law|title=Prijedlozi i nacrti konfederalizacije Jugoslavije 1990./91. – posljednji pokušaji "spašavanja" zajedničke države|trans-title=Proposals and Drafts for Confederalisation of Yugoslavia in 1990/1991 – the Last Attempts to Salvage the Common State|language=hr|pages=761–803|author=Budislav Vukas, ml.|date=December 2006|volume=27|issue=2}}
Following the parliamentary elections and the adoption of the present Constitution of Croatia in 1990, the present form of government was begun. On 30 May 1990, Stjepan Mesić became the first person to hold the title of Prime Minister of Croatia, and Franjo Gregurić was the first prime minister of an independent Croatia, as he held the office on 8 October 1991 when the declaration of independence came into effect.{{cite web|publisher=Croatian Government|url=http://www.vlada.hr/hr/naslovnica/o_vladi_rh/prethodne_vlade_rh|language=hr|title=Prethodne vlade RH|trans-title=Previous governments of the Republic of Croatia|access-date=10 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123152513/http://www.vlada.hr/hr/naslovnica/o_vladi_rh/prethodne_vlade_rh|archive-date=23 November 2011}}{{cite web|work=Official web site of the Croatian Parliament|publisher=Sabor|url=http://www.sabor.hr/Default.aspx?art=20091&sec=2462|title=Ceremonial session of the Croatian Parliament on the occasion of the Day of Independence of the Republic of Croatia|date=7 October 2004|access-date=29 July 2012|archive-date=14 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314021206/http://www.sabor.hr/Default.aspx?art=20091&sec=2462}}
=List=
{{See also|Prime Minister of Croatia|List of cabinets of Croatia}}
Since 30 May 1990 (the first multi-party parliamentary election held following the 45-year Communist rule), the Republic of Croatia has had a total of fourteen governments headed by twelve different prime ministers. The prime minister in the first government after the first multi-party election was Stjepan Mesić, who would later go on to become the President of Croatia. That government was formed by the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), as were seven other governments of Croatia. Three governments have been formed by the Social Democratic Party of Croatia (SDP), and one was a national unity government (representing a wide coalition of political parties) formed during the Croatian War of Independence's peak, between July 1991 and August 1992, with Franjo Gregurić as the prime minister.
See also
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Notes
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References
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External links
- {{Official website|https://vlada.gov.hr/}} {{in lang|hr}}
- {{Official website|https://vlada.gov.hr/en}} {{in lang|en}}
{{Croatian Government Cabinets}}
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{{Europe topic|Government of|title=Governments of Europe}}
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