:Gulf Refinery, Milford Haven
{{Short description|Former oil refinery at Milford Haven, Wales}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox oil refinery
| name = Gulf Refinery
| image = Milford Haven oil refinery seen from Pembroke Dock - geograph.org.uk - 845073.jpg
| caption =
| country = United Kingdom
| province =
| city = Waterston, Milford Haven, Pembrokeshire
| coordinates = {{coord|51.705|-4.992|display=inline,title|region:GB_scale:5000}}
| operator = Chevron
| owner =
| founded = {{Start date|1968|08}}
| closure = {{End date|1997|12}}
| capacity =
| capacity bbl/d = 119000
| employees =
| ref units =
| oil tank =
}}
The Gulf Refinery at Milford Haven was an oil refinery situated on the Pembrokeshire coast in Wales. The refinery, originally owned and operated by Gulf Oil, was opened in August 1968 by Queen Elizabeth II.{{cite web |url=http://www.pembrokeshirefishweek.co.uk/objview.asp?Language=&object_id=4024 |title=The Oil Industry in Pembrokeshire: Topic List |page=7 |publisher=Pembrokeshire County Council}} The plant, constructed at a cost of approximately £35 million, produced a range of petroleum products and occupied an area of 300 acres (121.4 ha).{{Coflein|num=408891|desc=Dragon Liquefied Natural Gas Facility, Waterston, Milford Haven|date=13 April 2010|access-date=20 November 2019}} It was initially designed to process 60,000 barrels of crude oil per day (3 million tonnes per year).{{Cite news |last=Spiegelberg |first=Richard |date=9 August 1968 |title=New Welsh refinery is vital link for Gulf |pages=19 |work=The Times}} The capacity was increased to {{convert|119000|oilbbl}} a day of oil.{{cite web |title=CHEVRON TO SELL BRITISH REFINERY AND STATIONS TO SHELL |date=1997-08-22 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/08/22/business/chevron-to-sell-british-refinery-and-stations-to-shell.html |publisher=The New York Times Company}}
Oil import
Gulf Oil's crude oil was principally obtained from Nigeria and Kuwait through joint ventures with BP.{{Cite journal|last=Watts|first=D.G.|date=January 1970|title=Milford Haven and its Oil Industry, 1958-69|journal=Geography|volume=55|issue=1|pages=64–72}} Crude was shipped to Bantry Bay in Ireland in 312,000 DWT (deadweight ton) ships. The Bantry Bay facility had a storage capacity of one million tonnes. It was commissioned just before the refinery opened at a cost of £13m. From Bantry Bay crude oil was shipped in 100,000 DWT ships to Gulf's refineries in Milford Haven, Denmark and Rotterdam.
Operations
The Milford Haven refinery was integrated with two petro-chemical plants, using oil products from the refinery as feed-stock. One produced 50,000 tonnes a year of benzene and the other 100,000 tonnes a year of cyclohexane. The refinery employed about 280 people. About 23 per cent of the refinery output was exported by train via a rail link to the national rail network. About 75 per cent of the output was exported by ship.
Gulf Oil's refinery also supplied fuel oil to the nearby oil-fired 2,000 MW Pembroke power station (commissioned in 1968).{{Milford Haven Line}}
The refining distillation capacity over the operational life of the refinery was as follows.{{Cite news|title=Massive build-up of oil refinery capacity|last=Vielvoye|first=Roger|date=19 November 1973|work=The Times}}Energy Institute, United Kingdom refining distillation capacity, EI Datasheet 07, January 2019
| class="wikitable"
|+Gulf Refinery, refining capacity !Year !Capacity (million tonnes per year) |
| 1969
|4.0 |
| 1972
|5.0 |
| 1974
|5.0 |
| 1975
|5.0 |
| 1979
|5.0 |
| 1985
|4.625 |
| 1990
|5.3 |
| 1995
|5.6 |
Owners
Gulf Oil merged with Standard Oil of California (SOCAL) in 1985 with both rebranded as Chevron.
Closure
The refinery closed down in December 1997, as part of plans by the Chevron Corporation, by then the owners of Gulf Oil, to withdraw from the downstream oil business in the UK.{{cite web |url=http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/company/cne83681.htm |title=Petroplus wants to buy Milford Haven from Chevron}} Today, the site is occupied by the Valero Pembrokeshire Oil Terminal (VPOT) and the Dragon LNG terminal.{{cite web |title=Dragon LNG Company History |url=http://www.dragonlng.co.uk/companyhistory.cfm |access-date=29 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090624034117/http://www.dragonlng.co.uk/companyhistory.cfm |archive-date=24 June 2009 |url-status=dead }}
See also
- Esso Refinery, Milford Haven
- Milford Haven Refinery, owned by Murco
- Pembroke Refinery, Texaco/Valero
- Oil refineries in the United Kingdom
References
{{reflist}}
{{Commons category|Gulf Refinery, Milford Haven}}