:HI-SEAS

{{unreferenced section|date=July 2023}}

The geodesic habitation dome has an internal two-story open layout with a diameter of about {{cvt|11|m|ft}}. The ground floor contains the communal areas with the kitchen, dining room, common work-space and lab, an exercise area and a small bathroom with a shower and toilet.

The ground floor has an area of {{cvt|30.3|sqm|sqft}} (usable {{cvt|26.8|sqm|sqft}}) with the second floor spanning an area of {{cvt|39.4|sqm|sqft}} comprising six personal rooms and a small bathroom with toilet only. Attached to the exterior of the habitat is a single shipping container, providing storage for food and other supplies, as well as hosting the water and electrical systems.

The first HI-SEAS mission lasted for four months from 14 April to 13 August 2013 with culinary and psychological aspects.{{cite web|author=Brian Shiro |url=http://www.astronautforhire.com/2013/04/orientation-to-hi-seas.html |title=Orientation to HI-SEAS |publisher=Astronautforhire.com |date=18 April 2013 |access-date=20 September 2013}}{{cite web|author=Mike Wall |url=http://www.space.com/22360-mars-food-mock-space-mission-hawaii.html |title=Mars Food Scientists End 4-Month Mock Space Mission In Hawaii |publisher=Space.com |date=14 August 2013 |access-date=30 April 2014}} Many related aspects were also explored, including temperatures in artificial habitats.{{cite web |url=http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/fieldnotes/2013/07/15/the-challenges-of-climate-control-in-a-mars-habitat |title=K. Green - The Challenges of Climate Control in a Mars Habitat - Discover Magazine |publisher=Blogs.discovermagazine.com |date=15 July 2013 |access-date=20 September 2013 |archive-date=21 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921121406/http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/fieldnotes/2013/07/15/the-challenges-of-climate-control-in-a-mars-habitat |url-status=dead }} It was orchestrated primarily by NASA, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, and Cornell University.{{cite web |url=http://manoa.hawaii.edu/news/article.php?aId=4876 |title=Research participants sought for 120-day Mars analog habitat study |publisher=Manoa.hawaii.edu |date=29 February 2012 |access-date=20 September 2013}} The 2013 study included 8 people and ran for 120 days (4 months). The crew members were Angelo Vermeulen (commander, Belgium), Simon Engler (engineer, Canada), Kate Greene (writer, USA), Yajaira Sierra Sastre (scientist, USA), Oleg Abramov (geologist, USA), Sian Proctor (education outreach, USA). Members of the HI-SEAS crew went outside the habitat once a week in simulated spacesuits to explore the terrain and to perform geological and microbe-detection studies. The focus of the study was on a diet which consisted of traditional space food (such as freeze-dried items) as well as various recipes made from a special list of ingredients.{{Cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/08/good-news-future-colonists-mars-meals-may-feature-nutella/278682/ |title=Good News, Future Colonists! Mars Meals May Feature Nutella |last=Garber |first=Megan |date=2013-08-14 |work=The Atlantic |access-date=2018-09-02 |language=en-US}} Six scientists completed the study. Mission commander Angelo Vermeulen with his colleagues recommended more spices and higher fiber foods as well as comfort foods.

HI-SEAS II with a crew of six people began 28 March 2014{{cite web |last1=Binsted |first1=Kim |last2=Ogliore |first2=Talia |url=https://manoa.hawaii.edu/news/article.php?aId=6399 |title=Second HI-SEAS Mars space analog study begins |publisher=University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa |date=28 March 2014 |access-date=30 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029211355/https://manoa.hawaii.edu/news/article.php?aId=6399 |archive-date=29 October 2018 |url-status=live}} and lasted 120 days, until 25 July 2014.{{cite web |url=http://hi-seas.org/?p=3171 |title=HI-SEAS 2 Emerges From 120 Stay on Mars |access-date=10 September 2014}}{{Cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/04/will-living-on-mars-drive-us-crazy/360034/ |title=Will Living on Mars Drive Us Crazy? |last=Garber |first=Megan |date=2014-04-02 |work=The Atlantic |access-date=2018-09-02 |language=en-US}}{{Cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/02/hi-seas-mars_n_5073209.html |title=HI-SEAS Mission Will Study How Life On Mars Affects The Mind|last=Cave|first=James|date=2014-04-02 |work=Huffington Post |access-date=2018-09-02|language=en-US}} The crew members were Casey Stedman (commander, USA), Tiffany Swarmer (USA), Ron Williams (USA), Anne Caraccio (USA), Ross Lockwood (Canada), and Lucie Poulet (France).

HI-SEAS III began on 14 October 2014, and included six crew members and two reserve crew members: Martha Lenio (Commander), Allen Mirkadyrov, Sophie Milam, Neil Sheibelhut, Jocelyn Dunn, and Zak Wilson.{{Citation |last=HISEAS Media |title=Happy 7th of November! |date=2014-11-08 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bcT5FjeSIW4 |access-date=2018-09-02}} Backup crew included Ed Fix and Micheal Castro. The mission ended on 13 June 2015.

This was the first 8-month stay for a crew and the third overall HI-SEAS mission. NASA used the study to examine and gain knowledge about crew size, isolation, and group communication and problem resolution dynamics. One question is ideal crew size, and like the previous mission this one included a crew of six people, but for double the amount of time as the previous missions.

The crew on HSIII performed 40 tasks a week for research studies. One of the experiments was on 3D printing.

HI-SEAS IV began on 29 August 2015 and lasted until 29 August 2016: 366 days due to the leap year.{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-37211051 |title=Nasa ends year-long Mars simulation on Hawaii |publisher=BBC News |date=29 August 2016 |access-date=29 August 2016}}{{cite web|url=http://www.hawaii.edu/news/2016/08/28/global-media-document-historic-university-of-hawaii-mars-simulation/|title=Global media document historic University of Hawaiʻi Mars simulation|publisher=University of Hawaiʻi|date=28 August 2016|access-date=29 August 2016}}{{cite news |last=Rogers |first=Katie |title=How to Win Friends and Influence People (on Fake Mars) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/01/science/how-to-win-friends-and-influence-people-on-fake-mars.html |date=31 August 2016 |work=New York Times |access-date=3 September 2016}} The crew members were Carmel Johnston (USA), Christiane Heinicke (Germany), Dr. Sheyna Gifford (USA), Andrzej Stewart (USA/UK), Cyprien Verseux (France), and Tristan Bassingthwaighte (USA). The backup crew included Oscar Mathews and Debbi-Lee Wilkinson.

The mission positions of HI-SEAS IV included the following specialities: commander, physicist, astrobiologist, physician, engineer, space architect, and journalist.{{Cite web |url=http://www.tor.com/2016/08/29/hi-seas-simulated-mars-mission-ends/ |title=NASA's HI-SEAS Crew Has Completed Their Year-Long Mars Simulation Mission |date=2016-08-29 |website=tor.com |access-date=2017-01-04}} The crew of six spent the whole year together on this mission. One of the major tasks was simply getting along with another in isolation as well as resolving interpersonal conflict if it occurred. Challenges the crew had to overcome during the mission included un-planned supply issues, water systems failures, and a communications failure.

During the mission many aspects of a Mars mission were simulated (see Mars analog habitat), such as a communication delay time and isolation.{{Cite news |url=http://en.cite-espace.com/space-news/end-of-the-hi-seas-iv-simulated-mars-mission/ |title=End of the HI-SEAS IV simulated Mars mission - Cité de l'Espace |last=l'espace |first=Cité de |newspaper=Cité de l'Espace |language=en-US |access-date=2017-01-04}} Many aspects of a Mars mission were not simulated, such as the reduced gravity of Mars. They did live at a higher altitude, which would have slightly boosted radiation exposure from space radiation. During the mission, all six crew-members blogged and several were featured on professional websites such as the [http://www.huffingtonpost.fr/author/cyprien-verseux/ Huffington Post], [https://aeon.co/users/sheyna-gifford Aeon], and [http://narrative.ly/my-life-on-simulated-mars/ Narratively]. The mission is also the subject of a film called Red Heaven which was released in 2020. Finally, HI-SEAS IV is the subject of the Gimlet Media podcast The Habitat.{{cite journal |title=Relive These Scientists' Year Inside a Simulated Mars on a Hawaiian Volcano With This New Podcast |journal=Gizmodo |date=2018-04-17 |last=Mandelbaum |first= Ryan |url=https://gizmodo.com/relive-these-scientists-year-inside-a-simulated-mars-on-1825320909 |access-date=2018-04-19 |quote=A new podcast from Gimlet called The Habitat will cover one team’s year-long journey into HI-SEAS as they work together and get to know one another.}}

The mission ended on 29 August 2016, with the crew emerging to a crowd of news media and cameramen. This was the longest HI-SEAS yet, and the longest NASA-funded space simulation in history, with the previous mission lasting 8 months, and before that 4 months.

With the beginning of the 4th mission, the 'HI-SEAS Habitability study' has been introduced. The rationale behind it is based on the strong assumption that habitability, along with human factors research, is of significant importance for living and working conditions, and thus the design, of an inhabited confined and isolated environment.

HI-SEAS V began on 19 January 2017 and was scheduled to run for eight months.{{cite news|last1=Jones|first1=Caleb|title=Living on Mars — in Hawaii|url=http://sidneydailynews.com/features/life/61187/living-on-mars-in-hawaii|access-date=27 March 2017|agency=Associated Press|publisher=Sidney Daily News|date=22 January 2017}} The crew consists of Ansley Barnard (USA), James Bevington (USA), Joshua Ehrlich (USA), Laura Lark (USA), Brian Ramos (USA), and Samuel Payler (UK). The six researchers, made up of engineers, a computer scientist, an astrobiologist, and a biomedical expert, focused on team dynamics and its effect on performance.{{cite web |title=Introducing the New Crew for HI-SEAS V |url=https://hi-seas.org/?page_id=6101 |website=HI-SEAS |access-date=27 March 2017}}

On 19 September 2017, the crew emerged from their 8-month long mission in the mock Mars habitat.{{Cite news |url=https://www.space.com/38178-mock-mars-mission-hawaii-hi-seas-v-photos.html |title=In Photos: 8 Months on 'Mars' with the HI-SEAS Mission V Crew |work=Space.com |access-date=2018-09-02}}{{cite web |url=https://www.space.com/38178-mock-mars-mission-hawaii-hi-seas-v-photos.html |title=In Photos: 8 Months on 'Mars' with the HI-SEAS Mission V Crew |website=Space.com |date=18 September 2017}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.hawaiitribune-herald.com/2017/09/18/hawaii-news/return-to-earth-mars-simulation-participants-leave-dome-after-8-months/ |title=Return to Earth: Mars simulation participants leave dome after 8 months - Hawaii Tribune-Herald |website=www.hawaiitribune-herald.com |date=18 September 2017 |language=en-US |access-date=2018-09-02}}

Hi-SEAS VI began on 15 February 2018 and was due to last eight months with a crew of four consisting of Sukjin Han (Korea), Calum Hervieu (Scotland), Lisa Stojanovski (Australia), and Michaela Musilova (Slovakia).{{cite web |title=HI-SEAS Mission VI is the most international crew in study history |publisher=University of Hawai'i News |date=12 February 2018 |access-date=14 February 2018 |url=http://www.hawaii.edu/news/2018/02/12/hi-seas-mission-vi-most-international-in-study-history/}} However, the mission had to be halted on Sol 4 (19 February 2018) when a crew member was admitted to Hilo Medical Center.{{cite web |title=HI-SEAS Crewmember Transported to Hilo Hospital|date=19 February 2018 |access-date=20 February 2018 |url=http://bigislandnow.com/2018/02/19/hi-seas-crewmember-transported-to-hilo-hospital/}} Hawaii News Now reported that the simulation had been halted while the Dome was inspected following the incident where a crew member suffered an electrical shock, but recovered fully.{{cite web |title=Space simulation mission halted on Big Island after crew member injured|date=20 February 2018 |access-date=20 February 2018 |url=http://m.hawaiinewsnow.com/hawaiinewsnow/db_330510/contentdetail.htm?contentguid=5WgyGkIX/}}

Following HI-SEAS VI, NASA funded a data mining effort covering the previous missions.

The campaigns following HI-SEAS VI have no direct association with NASA and the original project team.

The first mission of the EMMIHS campaigns, EMMIHS I, began on February 20 and ended on March 6, 2019. The six-person crew consisted of Dr. Michaela Musilova, Annelotte Weert, Benjamin Pothier, Josh Burstein, Nityaporn Sirikan, and Sebastian Mulder. The crew was able to complete all of their mission targets. These included geological mapping of the Mauna Loa area for fresh pahoehoe lava flows and lava tubes by geology students Annelotte Weert and Sebastian Mulder.

The second edition of the EMMIHS campaigns (EMMIHS II) took place in late 2019. The overall focus of the EMMIHS II campaign was on geological, physical, organizational and psychological aspects of the HI-SEAS base and its direct surroundings. The crew consisted of Dr. Michaela Musilova, Sabrina Kerber, Ana Paula Castro De Paula Nunes, Ariane Wanske, Charlotte Pouwels, Joseph D’Angelo, Anouk Beniest, and Marc Heemskerk.{{cite web |url=https://www.hi-seas.org/emmihs |title=EuroMoonMars IMA HI-Seas (EMMIHS) I - IV|accessdate=2022-05-09}}

The third edition of the EMMIHS campaigns, EMMIHS III, began in early 2020, with a predominant focus on geological science and robot operations, EMMIHS-III aimed to widen knowledge on lava tubes and how to explore them in mars-like conditions. The crew for this mission consisted of Dr. Michaela Musilova, Marc Heemskerk, Kyla Pumehana Edison, Lucas Brasileiro, Robert Heemskerk, and Priyanka Das Rajkakati.

The fourth and last edition of the EMMIHS campaigns, EMMIHS IV, began in mid 2020 as an Analog Astronaut Mission at HI-SEAS, aimed at researching the technical and sociological challenges of extraterrestrial habitation. It was initiated and supported by the European Space Agency.

An all-woman mission, conducted from January 4 to 18, 2020.{{cite web | last=Gohd | first=Chelsea | title=An all-woman Mars analog crew just 'returned to Earth' in Hawaii | website=Space.com | date=2020-01-21 | url=https://www.space.com/sensoria-all-woman-mars-analog-mission-success.html#:~:text=This%20mission%2C%20known%20as%20Sensoria,led%20and%20female%2Dmajority%2C%20J.J. | access-date=2024-06-27}}

The crew included Erin Bonilla, Jaden Hastings, Adriana Blachowicz, Dr. Sian Proctor, Makiah Eustice and Maraia Hoffman.

Selene II was the first of the Selene missions which aimed to simulate living in a HI-SEAS habitat on the moon, it lasted a total of 14 days from November 18, 2020 to December 1, 2020.{{cite web |title=Selene II - V |date=3 December 2022 |url=https://www.hi-seas.org/selene}}{{cite web |title=Powering through challenges of the Selene II lunar analog mission — Commander's report: lunar day 7 |website=Space.com |date=29 November 2020 |url=https://www.space.com/hi-seas-selene-ii-moon-analog-mission-commander-report-1}} The Selene II mission crew consisted of Dr. Michaela Musilova, Lindsay Rutter, Karen Rucker, Fabio Teixeira, Cassandra Klos, and Ben Greaves.{{cite web |title=Making hair fertilizer wraps up the Selene II lunar mission — Commander's report: lunar day 14 |website=Space.com |date=9 December 2020 |url=https://www.space.com/hi-seas-selene-ii-moon-analog-mission-commander-report-3}}

Selene III began on February 22, 2021, and ended on March 7, 2021. The mission experiments included perchlorate and nitrate reduction using bacteria and aquaponics by Crew Bioengineer Zoe Maxwell, growing spinach using human hair as fertilizer, and microgreen growth experiments conducted by Bioscience Officer Jason Fischer. The crew included Dr. Michaela Musilova, Eboni Brown, Oscar I. Ojeda, Zoe Maxwell, Jason Fischer, and Brooke Edwards.{{cite web |last1=Musilova |first1=Michaela |title=Selene III: Starting off an analog lunar mission with exploding bombs — Commander's report: sol 3 |website=Space.com |date=31 March 2021 |url=https://www.space.com/hi-seas-selene-iii-moon-analog-mission-commander-report-1}}{{cite web |title=Humans are both the weakest and the strongest link in the chain of space missions — Commander's report: lunar day 14 |website=Space.com |date=16 April 2021 |url=https://www.space.com/hi-seas-selene-iii-moon-analog-mission-commander-report-4}}

Selene IV began on March 13, 2021, and ended on March 26, 2021. The crew included Dr. Michaela Musilova, Lori Waters, Jack Bryan, Monica Parks, Cameron Crowell, and Bill O’Hara.{{cite web |title=The purge of the HI-SEAS habitat — Commander's report: lunar day 2 |website=Space.com |date=22 April 2021 |url=https://www.space.com/hi-seas-selene-iv-moon-analog-mission-commander-report-1}}{{cite web |title=The great lunar 'bake off' of knots and moon rocks — Commander's report: lunar day 13 |website=Space.com |date=11 May 2021 |url=https://www.space.com/hi-seas-selene-iv-moon-analog-mission-commander-report-4}}

The crew included Dr. Michaela Musilova, Sean Gellenbeck, Bader Al Moulah, Dr. Brandy Nunez, and Dr. Lindsey Kishline. The mission experiments and goals included research on the gas exchange between a mushroom culture and an algal culture for space mission applications, acoustic sound studies in lava caves near HI-SEAS, how the brain puts together complex audio-visual information, and possible future applications during space mining and civil construction on the moon through measuring the mechanical properties of analog lunar lava.{{cite web |title=Selene II - V |url=https://www.hi-seas.org/selene |website=HI-SEAS|date=3 December 2022 }}{{cite web |last1=Musilova |first1=Michaela |title=The commander pulls an April Fools' Day prank on the crew – Commander's Report: lunar day 2 |url=https://www.space.com/hi-seas-selene-v-moon-analog-mission-commander-report-1 |website=Space.org|date=12 May 2021 }}

The Valoria I crew included Dr. Michaela Musilova, Karen Metzger, Kevin Pratt, Michael Barton, Hillary Coe, and MaryLiz Bender.{{cite web |title=Valoria I - III |url=https://www.hi-seas.org/valoria |website=HI-SEAS|date=3 December 2022 }}{{cite web |last1=Musilova |first1=Michaela |title=What didn't kill us on 'Mars' only made us stronger — Commander's report: sol 13 |url=https://www.space.com/hi-seas-valoria-1-mars-analog-mission-commander-report-4 |website=Space.org|date=10 February 2021 }}

The Valoria II crew included Dr. Michaela Musilova, Lain Velasco, Paul Tomko, Chris Jackson, and Rilee Kaliher. The mission resulted in findings about proprioception and body awareness

The Valoria II crew included Dr. Michaela Musilova, Elisha Jhoti, Britaney Phillips, Sarafina El-Badry Nance, and Dr. Nils Averesch.{{cite web |last1=Musilova |first1=Michaela |title=A 'rogue asteroid field' almost delays the Valoria 3 analog Mars mission — Commander's Report: sol 2 |url=https://www.space.com/hi-seas-valoria-3-mars-analog-mission-commander-report-1 |website=Space.org|date=11 January 2022 }}

In 2018, rather than conduct a HI-SEAS VII, NASA issued a new grant to support enhanced data mining of the previous five missions and analysis of a HI-SEAS database.{{Cite web |url=https://www.hawaii.edu/news/2018/12/11/hi-seas-nasa-restart-grant/ |title=HI-SEAS receives NASA grant to complete research |publisher=University of Hawaiʻi System News |language=en-US |date=11 December 2018 |access-date=3 November 2022}}

{{Portal|Spaceflight|Solar System}}

{{colbegin}}

• Colonization of Mars
• Human mission to Mars
• ISS year-long mission
• List of Mars analogs
• Mars Society
• Mars to Stay
• Orion (spacecraft)
• Psychological and sociological effects of spaceflight
• Skylab 4
• Space Launch System

{{colend}}

{{reflist|30em}}

• {{Official website|http://hi-seas.org/ }}
• [http://hi-seas.org/?cat=64 HI-SEAS 2]
• [https://twitter.com/casey_stedman/status/451894430035746817/photo/1 twitter.com]

{{Human missions to Mars}}

Category:2013 establishments in Hawaii

Category:Human analog missions