:HMS Repulse (1916)

File:Repulse-1.jpg

Admiral Lord Fisher first presented his requirements for the new ships to the Director of Naval Construction (DNC) on 18 December 1914, before the ships had even been approved. He wanted a long, flared bow, like that on the pre-dreadnought {{HMS|Renown|1895|2}} but higher, four 15-inch guns in two twin-gun turrets, an anti-torpedo boat armament of twenty {{convert|4|in|adj=on|0}} guns mounted high up and protected by gun shields only, a speed of 32 knots using oil fuel and armour on the scale of the battlecruiser {{HMS|Indefatigable|1909|2}}. Within a few days Fisher increased the number of guns to six and added two torpedo tubes. Minor revisions in the initial estimate were made until 26 December and a preliminary design was completed on 30 December.Roberts, pp. 47–48

During the following week the DNC's department examined the material delivered for the two battleships and decided what could be used in the new design. The usable material was transferred to the builders who had received enough information from the DNC's department to lay the keels of both ships on 25 January 1915, well before the altered contracts were completed on 10 March.Roberts, pp. 45, 47

Repulse had an overall length of {{convert|794|ft|2.5|in|m|1}}, a beam of {{convert|89|ft|11.5|in|m|1}} and a maximum draught of {{convert|29|ft|9|in|m|1}}. She displaced {{convert|26854|LT|t}} at normal load and {{convert|31592|LT|t}} at deep load. The Brown-Curtis direct-drive steam turbines were designed to produce {{convert|112000|shp|lk=in}}, which would propel the ship at {{convert|32|kn|lk=on}}. During trials in 1916, Repulse{{'}}s turbines provided {{convert|118913|shp|abbr=on}}, allowing her to reach a speed of {{convert|31.73|kn}}.Roberts, p. 81 The ship normally carried {{convert|1000|LT|t|0}} of fuel oil but had a maximum capacity of {{convert|4289|LT|t}}. At full capacity, she could steam at a speed of {{convert|18|kn}} for {{convert|4000|nmi|0}}.Burt 1986, p. 297

The ship mounted six 42-calibre BL 15-inch Mk I guns in three twin hydraulically powered gun turrets, 'A', 'B' and 'Y' from front to rear. Her secondary armament consisted of 17 BL 4-inch Mark IX guns, fitted in five triple and two single mounts. Repulse mounted a pair of QF 3-inch 20 cwt"cwt" is the abbreviation for hundredweight, 30 cwt referring to the weight of the gun. anti-aircraft guns mounted on the shelter deck abreast the rear funnel.Raven and Roberts, p. 48 She mounted two submerged tubes for British 21 inch torpedo torpedoes, one on each side forward of 'A' barbette.Roberts, p. 83

Repulse{{'}}s waterline belt of Krupp cemented armour measured {{convert|6|in|mm|0}} thick amidships. Her gun turrets were {{convert|7|–|9|in|mm|0}} thick with roofs {{convert|4.25|in|mm|0}} thick. As designed the high-tensile-steel decks ranged from {{convert|0.75|to|1.5|in|0}} in thickness. After the Battle of Jutland in 1916, while the ship was still completing, an extra inch of high-tensile steel was added on the main deck over the magazines.Burt 1986, p. 294 Repulse was fitted with a shallow anti-torpedo bulge integral to the hull which was intended to explode the torpedo before it hit the hull proper and vent the underwater explosion to the surface rather than into the ship.Roberts, p. 111

Despite these additions, the ship was still felt to be too vulnerable to plunging fire and Repulse was refitted in Rosyth between 10 November 1916 and 29 January 1917 with additional horizontal armour, weighing approximately {{convert|504|LT|t}}, added to the decks over the magazines and over the steering gear. Repulse was the first capital ship fitted with a flying-off platform when an experimental one was fitted on 'B' turret in the autumn of 1917. Squadron Leader Frederick Rutland took off in a Sopwith Pup on 1 October. Another platform was built on 'Y' turret and Rutland took off from it on 8 October. One fighter and a reconnaissance aircraft were normally carried.Raven and Roberts, p. 51

{{main|World War I}}

Repulse was laid down by John Brown, Clydebank, Scotland on 25 January 1915. The ship was launched on 8 January 1916 and completed on 18 August 1916, after the Battle of Jutland. Her construction cost £2,829,087 (£{{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|2829087|1917|r=-4}}}} in {{CURRENTYEAR}}). She served with the Grand Fleet in the North Sea during the remaining two years of the First World War. Repulse relieved {{HMS|Lion|1910|2}} as flagship of the 1st Battlecruiser Squadron for the duration of the war.

{{Main|Second Battle of Heligoland Bight}}

File:BRITISH SHIPS OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR SP720.jpg serving as the flagship of the 1st Battlecruiser Squadron, 1918]]

Over the course of 1917 the Admiralty became more concerned about German efforts in the North Sea to sweep paths through the British-laid minefields intended to restrict the actions of the High Seas Fleet and German submarines. A preliminary raid on German minesweeping forces on 31 October by light forces destroyed ten small ships and the Admiralty decided on a larger operation to destroy the minesweepers and their escorting light cruisers. Based on intelligence reports the Admiralty decided on 17 November 1917 to allocate two light cruiser squadrons, the 1st Cruiser Squadron covered by the reinforced 1st BCS (less Renown) and, more distantly, the battleships of the 1st Battle Squadron to the operation.Newbolt, pp. 164–165

The German ships, four light cruisers of II Scouting Force, eight destroyers, three divisions of minesweepers, eight Sperrbrechers (cork-filled trawlers, used to detonate mines without sinking) and two trawlers to mark the swept route, were spotted at 7:30 a.m.,The times used in this article are in UTC, which is one hour behind CET, which is often used in German works. silhouetted by the rising sun. The light battlecruiser {{HMS|Courageous|50|2}} and the light cruiser {{HMS|Cardiff|D58|2}} opened fire with their forward guns seven minutes later. The Germans responded by laying an effective smoke screen. The British continued in pursuit, but lost track of most of the smaller ships in the smoke and concentrated fire on the light cruisers as opportunity permitted. Repulse was detached not long after and raced forward at full speed to engage the enemy ships. She opened fire at about 9:00,Newbolt, pp. 173–175 scoring a single hit on the light cruiser {{SMS|Königsberg|1915|6}} during the battle.Burt 1986, p. 302 When the German battleships {{SMS|Kaiser|1911|6}} and {{SMS|Kaiserin}} were spotted about 9:50 the British broke off their pursuit and Repulse covered their retreat, aided by a heavy fog that came down around 10:40.Newbolt, pp. 175–176 The ship fired a total of 54 15-inch shells during the battle and scored one hit on the light cruiser Königsberg that temporarily reduced her speed.Campbell, p. 64

On 12 December 1917, Repulse was damaged in a collision with the battlecruiser {{HMAS|Australia|1911|6}}.Roberts, p. 123 The ship was present at the surrender of the High Seas Fleet at Scapa Flow on 21 November 1918.

File:HMS Repulse (1919) profile drawing.png

Repulse began a major refit at Portsmouth on 17 December 1918 intended to drastically improve her armour protection. Her existing six-inch armour belt was replaced by {{convert|9|in|adj=on|0}} armour plates made surplus by the conversion of the battleship {{ship|Chilean battleship|Almirante Cochrane||2}} (originally ordered by Chile and purchased after the war began) to the aircraft carrier {{HMS|Eagle|1918|2}}. The original armour was fitted between the main and upper decks, above the new armour. Additional high-tensile plating was added to the decks over the magazines. The ship's anti-torpedo bulge was deepened and reworked along the lines of that installed on the battleship {{HMS|Ramillies|07|2}}. The bulge covered her hull from the submerged torpedo room to 'Y' magazine, the inner compartments of which were filled with crushing tubes. The bulges added {{convert|12|ft|8|in|m|1}} to her beam and {{convert|1|ft|4|in|m|1}} to her draught. The refit added about {{convert|4500|LT|t}} to her displacement and raised her metacentric height to {{convert|6.4|ft|m|0}} at deep load. Three {{convert|30|ft|m|adj=on}} rangefinders were also added as well as eight torpedo tubes in twin mounts on the upper deck. Both flying-off platforms were removed.Raven and Roberts, pp. 55–56 This refit cost £860,684.

File:HMS Repulse entering Vancouver Harbour 1924.jpg during her world tour with Hood and other ships of the Special Service Squadron, 1924]]

Repulse was recommissioned on 1 January 1921 and joined the Battlecruiser Squadron of the Atlantic Fleet. In November 1923, Hood, accompanied by Repulse and a number of {{sclass|Danae|cruiser|2}}s of the 1st Light Cruiser Squadron, set out on a world cruise from west to east via the Panama Canal. They returned home ten months later in September 1924. Shortly after her return the ship's two three-inch AA guns and her two single four-inch gun mounts were removed and replaced with four QF four-inch Mark V AA guns.Raven and Roberts, p. 143 The Battlecruiser Squadron visited Lisbon in February 1925 to participate in the Vasco da Gama celebrations before continuing on to the Mediterranean for exercises.Burt 1993, p. 220 A squash court was added on the starboard side between the funnels, and a sauna and bubble bath on the quarterdeck for the Prince of Wales' tour of Africa and South America that lasted from March to October.Burt 1993, pp. 220–221 Upon her return, she was refitted from November 1925 to July 1926 and had a high-angle control position (HACP) added to her fore-top.

File:Haifa, result of terrorist acts & government measures. H.M.S. Repulse taken from the docks, marine on guard below British flag.1938.jpg

After Repulse completed her 1926 refit, she remained in commission, aside from a brief refit from July to September 1927, with the Battlecruiser Squadron of the Atlantic Fleet until she was paid off in June 1932 prior to beginning her reconstruction in April 1933. Most of the existing layers of high-tensile steel that constituted the ship's horizontal armour were replaced by non-cemented armour plates {{convert|2.5|-|3.5|in}} in thickness and the torpedo control tower was removed from the aft superstructure.Raven and Roberts, pp. 206–207 A fixed catapult replaced the midships 4-inch triple mount and a hangar was built on each side of the rear funnel to house two of the ship's Fairey III aircraft. One additional aircraft could be carried on the deck and another on the catapult itself. Electric cranes were mounted above each hangar to handle the aircraft.Burt, pp. 210, 213

The four 4-inch AA guns were moved, one pair abreast the rear funnel at the level of the hangar roof and the other pair abreast the fore funnel on the forecastle deck. Four prototype QF 4-inch Mark XV dual-purpose guns were added in twin-gun Mark XVIII mounts abreast the mainmast. Two octuple Mark VI 2-pounder mounts were fitted on extensions of the conning-tower platform abreast the fore funnel. Above these a pair of quadruple Mark II* mountings for the 0.5-inch Vickers Mark III machine gun were added. These mounts could depress to −10° and elevate to a maximum of 70°. The machine guns fired a {{convert|1.326|oz|adj=on}} bullet at a muzzle velocity of {{convert|2520|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}}. This gave the gun a maximum range of about {{convert|5000|yd|m|abbr=on}}, although its effective range was only {{convert|800|yd|m|abbr=on}}{{cite web|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNBR_5-62_mk3.htm|title=British 0.50"/62 (12.7 mm) Mark III – Japanese 12 mm/62 "HI" Type|date=27 January 2010|publisher=navweaps.com|access-date=8 June 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100207221146/http://navweaps.com/Weapons/WNBR_5-62_mk3.htm|archive-date=7 February 2010|df=dmy-all}} Repulse received two High-Angle Control System anti-aircraft directors, one Mark II on the fore-top and a Mark I* mounted on a pedestal above the rear superstructure. The two submerged torpedo tubes were removed and the vacant spaces sub-divided and turned into store-rooms.Raven and Roberts, pp. 207, 209

File:HMS Repulse LOC matpc 18612.jpg, July 1938]]

Repulse was assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet when she recommissioned in April 1936. She transported 500 refugees from Valencia and Palma de Mallorca to Marseille, France in late 1936 after the start of the Spanish Civil War. The ship was present at the Coronation Fleet Review at Spithead on 20 May 1937 for King George VI. Repulse was sent to Haifa in July 1938 to maintain order during the Arab Revolt. She was selected to convey the King and Queen during their May 1939 Canadian Tour and she was refitted between October 1938 and March 1939 for this role. The twin 4-inch AA guns were replaced by two more Mark V guns and two additional quadruple .50-calibre mounts were added. The King and Queen ultimately travelled aboard the liner {{RMS|Empress of Australia|1919|6}} while Repulse escorted them on the first half of the journey.Burt 1993, pp. 221, 224

At the beginning of the Second World War, Repulse was part of the Battlecruiser Squadron of the Home Fleet. She patrolled off the Norwegian coast and in the North Sea in search of German ships, as well as to enforce the blockade for the first couple months of the war.Rohwer, pp. 3, 6 Early in the war, the aft triple 4-inch gun mount was replaced with an 8-barrel 2-pounder mount.Raven and Roberts, p. 217 In late October, she was transferred to Halifax with the aircraft carrier {{HMS|Furious|47|2}} to protect convoys and search for German raiders. Repulse and Furious sortied from Halifax on 23 November in search of the {{ship|German battleship|Scharnhorst}} after it had sunk the armed merchant cruiser {{HMS|Rawalpindi||2}}, but Repulse was damaged by heavy seas in a storm and was forced to return to port.Burt 1993, p. 224 Repulse escorted the convoy bringing most of the 1st Canadian Infantry Division to Britain from 10 to 23 December 1939 and was reassigned to the Home Fleet. In February 1940, she accompanied the aircraft carrier {{HMS|Ark Royal|91|2}} on a fruitless search for six German blockade runners that had broken out of Vigo, Spain.Rohwer, pp. 11, 15

File:HMS Repulse escorting a troop convoy A6793.jpg

Repulse was assigned to support Allied operations during the Norwegian Campaign in April–June 1940. On 7 April, Repulse, along with the bulk of the Home Fleet, was ordered to sea to intercept what was thought to be another attempt to break-out into the North Atlantic. The ship was detached the following day to search for a German ship reported by the destroyer {{HMS|Glowworm|H92|2}}, but the destroyer had been sunk by the {{ship|German cruiser|Admiral Hipper}} before Repulse arrived and she was ordered to rendezvous with her sister Renown south of the Lofoten Islands, off the Norwegian coast.Haarr 2009, pp. 86, 93, 105 On 12 April, Repulse was ordered to return to Scapa Flow to refuel and she escorted a troop convoy upon her return.Haarr 2010, pp. 116, 139 In early June the ship was sent to the North Atlantic to search for German raiders and played no part in the evacuation of Norway.Rohwer, p. 25

Accompanied by Renown and the 1st Cruiser Squadron, Repulse attempted to intercept the {{ship|German battleship|Gneisenau||2|up=y}} as it sailed from Trondheim to Germany in July. Until May 1941, the ship escorted convoys and unsuccessfully searched for German ships. On 22 May, Repulse was diverted from escorting Convoy WS8B to assist in the search for the {{ship|German battleship|Bismarck||2|up=y}}, but she had to break off the search early on 25 May as she was running low on fuel. The ship was refitted from June–AugustBurt 1993, pp. 224–225 and received six Oerlikon 20 mm cannon autocannon as well as a Type 284 surface gunnery radar. Repulse escorted a troop convoy around the Cape of Good Hope from August to October and was transferred to East Indies Command.Burt 1993, p. 225

{{Main|Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse}}

File:HMS Repulse leaving Singapore.jpg

In late 1941 Winston Churchill decided to send a small group of fast capital ships along with one modern aircraft carrier to Singapore, to deter expected Japanese aggression. In November, Repulse which was in the Indian Ocean was ordered to Colombo, Ceylon to rendezvous with the new battleship {{HMS|Prince of Wales|53|2}}. The carrier {{HMS|Indomitable|92|2}}, which was assigned to join them, was delayed when she ran aground in the Caribbean. Prince of Wales and Repulse and their escorting destroyers comprised Force Z, which arrived in Singapore on 2 December 1941. On the evening of 8 December, Force Z set out on an attempt to destroy Japanese troop convoys and protect the army's seaward flanks from Japanese landings in their rear.Burt 1993, pp. 226–227

Force Z was spotted during the afternoon of 9 December by the {{Jsub|I-65}}, and floatplanes from several Japanese cruisers spotted the British ships later that afternoon and shadowed them until dark. Admiral Sir Tom Phillips decided to cancel the operation as the Japanese were now alerted. Force Z turned back during the evening, after having tried to deceive the Japanese that they were heading to Singora. At 00:50 on 10 December, Admiral Philips received a signal of enemy landings at Kuantan and correspondingly altered course so that he would arrive shortly after dawn.Stephen, pp. 107–108

The crew of {{Jsub|I-58|1925|2}} spotted Force Z at 02:20, reported their position, and fired five torpedoes, all of which missed. Based on this report the Japanese launched 11 reconnaissance aircraft before dawn to locate Force Z. Several hours later 86 bombers from the 22nd Air Flotilla based in Saigon were launched carrying bombs or torpedoes. The crew of a Mitsubishi G3M reconnaissance bomber spotted the British at 10:15 and radioed in several reports. The pilot was ordered to maintain contact and to broadcast a directional signal that the other Japanese bombers could follow.Shores, et al., pp. 113–116

File:Japanese high-level bombing attack on HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse 1941-12-10.jpg

The first attack began at 11:13 when {{convert|250|kg|lb|0}} bombs were dropped from eight G3Ms from an altitude of {{convert|11500|ft|m|0}}. The battlecruiser was straddled by two bombs, then hit by a third which penetrated through the hangar to explode on the armoured deck below. This inflicted a number of casualties and damaged the ship's Supermarine Walrus seaplane, which was then pushed over the side to remove a fire hazard. Anti-aircraft fire damaged five of the Japanese bombers, two so badly that they immediately returned to Saigon. In the ensuing attacks, Repulse was skilfully handled by her captain, Bill Tennant, who managed to avoid 19 torpedoes as well as the remaining bombs from the G3Ms.Shores, et al., pp. 116–120 The gunners on the Repulse shot down two planes and heavily damaged eight more. However, Repulse was then caught by a synchronised pincer attack by 17 Mitsubishi G4M torpedo bombers and hit by four or five torpedoes in rapid succession which proved fatal.Shores, et al., pp. 120–121 At 12:23, Repulse listed severely to port, quickly capsized and went down by the stern{{cite book |last1=Middlebrook |first1=Martin |author-link=Martin Middlebrook |title=The Sinking of the Prince of Wales & Repulse: The End of the Battleship Era |last2=Mahoney |first2=Patrick |publisher=Pen & Sword Books |year=2014 |location=United Kingdom}} with the loss of 508 officers and men. The destroyers {{HMS|Electra|H27|2}} and {{HMAS|Vampire|D68|2}} rescued the survivors, including Captain Tennant.Stephen, pp. 112–114

HMS Repulse came to rest at {{convert|183|ft|m}}, almost upside down with her starboard side elevated and her port side buried in the seabed at {{Coord|3|37|N|104|20|E}}.{{cite web|url=https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news-and-latest-activity/news/2023/november/16/20231116-royal-navy-remembers-pacific-tragedy-with-service-over-ww2-wrecks|title=Royal Navy remembers Pacific tragedy with service over WW2 wrecks|publisher=Royal Navy|date=16 November 2023|accessdate=11 June 2024}}

Denlay, p. 6

{{cite web|url=https://www.maritimequest.com/warship_directory/great_britain/battleships/repulse_1916/hms_repulse_1916_wreck_map.htm|title=HMS Repulse (1916) Wreck Map|publisher=Maritime Quest|accessdate=11 June 2024}}

The wreck site was designated as a 'Protected Place' in 2002 under the Protection of Military Remains Act 1986, 60 years after her sinking.{{cite web|url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2006/20062616.htm|title=Statutory Instrument 2006 No. 2616 The Protection of Military Remains Act 1986 (Designation of Vessels and Controlled Sites) Order 2006|publisher=Queen's Printer of Acts of Parliament|access-date=20 November 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708214655/http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2006/20062616.htm|archive-date=8 July 2008|df=dmy-all}}

Survivors described five torpedo hits on Repulse, four on the port side and one on the starboard side. The four portside hits purportedly were: two amidship, one abreast of the rear turret and one near the propellers. The starboard side hit was amidships. A 2007 diving expedition could confirm only two of the hits by examination of the wreck: the portside hit near the propellers and the starboard hit amidship. Unfortunately, at the time of the expedition, the portside midships section of the wreck was buried in the ocean floor thus the claimed hits there could not be confirmed. However, the area abreast of the port rear turret was accessible and no sign whatsoever of a torpedo hit, as described by survivors, was found.Denlay, pp. 6–8

In October 2014, The Daily Telegraph reported that both Prince of Wales and Repulse were being "extensively damaged" with explosives by scrap metal dealers.{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/malaysia/11187603/Celebrated-British-warships-being-stripped-bare-for-scrap-metal.html|title=Celebrated British warships being stripped bare for scrap metal |first1=Julian |last1=Ryall |first2=Joel |last2=Gunter |name-list-style=amp |work=The Daily Telegraph|date=25 October 2014|access-date=26 October 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026012728/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/malaysia/11187603/Celebrated-British-warships-being-stripped-bare-for-scrap-metal.html|archive-date=26 October 2014|df=dmy-all}} In May 2023, it was reported that a Chinese ship, Chuan Hong 68, illegally scavenged the wreck for its low-background steel.{{Cite news |last=Grady |first=John |date=2023-05-25 |title=U.K. Royal Navy 'Distressed and Concerned' by Illegal Chinese Salvage of WWII Wrecks |language=en-US |website=USNI News |url=https://news.usni.org/2023/05/25/u-k-royal-navy-distressed-and-concerned-by-illegal-chinese-salvage-of-wwii-wrecks |access-date=2023-05-26}}{{Cite news |last=Seidel |first=Jamie |date=May 23, 2023 |title=Chinese salvage ship caught red-handed looting battleship wrecks |work=news.com.au |url=https://www.news.com.au/technology/innovation/military/chinese-salvage-ship-caught-redhanded-looting-battleship-wrecks/news-story/169b13b741a4842edaaad2727e90d37d |access-date=May 26, 2023}} In July 2024, this same vessel, Chuan Hong 68, suspected of not only looting the wrecks of Force Z{{cite web | url=https://thisismast.org/maritime-observatory/chuan-hong-68.html | title=Chuan Hong 68 and looting of multiple WW2 wrecks including HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse }} but other World War II wrecks in Asian waters, was back 'working' in the region and was subsequently detained by Malaysia authorities for 'paperwork violations'.{{cite web |url=https://news.usni.org/2024/07/04/chinese-ship-suspected-of-raiding-world-war-ii-wrecks-detained?ct=t%28USNI_NEWS_DAILY%29&mc_cid=9d31d94771&mc_eid=7eecb75fa4 |title=Chinese Ship Suspected of Raiding World War II Wrecks Detained |first=John |last=Grady |date=4 July 2024 |work=USNI News |publisher=U.S. Naval Institute}}

{{reflist|group=Note}}

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{{Commons category|HMS Repulse (ship, 1916)|HMS Repulse}}

• [http://www.maritimequest.com/warship_directory/great_britain/battleships/repulse_1916/hms_repulse_1916.htm Maritimequest HMS Repulse Photo Gallery]
• [http://www.forcez-survivors.org.uk/ Force Z Survivors Association] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010175752/http://www.forcez-survivors.org.uk/ |date=10 October 2018 }}
• [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80007995 IWM Interview with survivor William Selby]
• [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80008051 IWM Interview with survivor Reginald Wood]
• [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80011082 IWM Interview with survivor Charles Rogers]
• [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80007282 IWM Interview with survivor Reginald Jeffries]
• [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80007982 IWM Interview with survivor Frederick Bowen]
• [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80008699 IWM Interview with survivor Victor Clark]
• [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80008459 IWM Interview with survivor Richard Smith]
• [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80008067 IWM Interview with survivor Robert Fraser]
• [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80009038 IWM Interview with survivor Richard Pool]
• [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80007981 IWM Interview with survivor Arthur Bartholomew]
• [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80016112 IWM Interview with survivor Eric Monaghan]
• [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80018689 IWM Interview with survivor Frank Claxton]
• [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80008526 IWM Interview with survivor Douglas Davies]

{{Renown class battlecruiser}}

{{December 1941 shipwrecks}}

{{Recreational dive sites|wresit}}

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Category:Military of Singapore under British rule

Category:Renown-class battlecruisers

Category:World War II battlecruisers of the United Kingdom

Category:Ships built on the River Clyde

Category:Protected wrecks of the United Kingdom

Category:Maritime incidents in December 1941

Category:1916 ships

Category:World War I battlecruisers of the United Kingdom

Category:World War II shipwrecks in the South China Sea

Category:Ships sunk by Japanese aircraft

Category:Wreck diving sites

Category:Underwater diving sites in Malaysia