:Hardoi

{{cleanup|reason=Section uses British Raji Era sources that are considered unreliable in Wikipedia|date=April 2022}}

The early history of Hardoi is obscure.{{cite book |last1=Nevill |first1=H.R. |title=Hardoi - A Gazetteer |date=1904 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |pages=199–203 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.48076 |access-date=22 June 2021}} The name suggests a Bhar, a Dalit caste of pasi origin, but tradition either attributes it to a Thathera ruler named Raja Harnakas or to a religious devotee named Hardeo Babar who supposedly lived here around 1000 CE. In any case, the site was inhabited from an early date; below the old town is an ancient khera that covers 16 acres. Around 1300, a group of Chamar Gaurs led by Nir Singh are said to have conquered the place from the Thatheras, destroyed their fortress, and re-founded the city.

At the turn of the 20th century, Hardoi consisted of two distinct parts: "old" Hardoi, occupying the original site of the village, and "new" Hardoi, which was developed after the establishment of the British civil station in the late 1850s. "New" Hardoi had wide streets, well-shaded by trees, and consisted mostly of the homes of civil officials and members of the local bar, as well as shops. Victoria Hall, built in 1888, contained the municipal and district offices as well as a public library (with books in English, Urdu, Hindi, Persian, Arabic, and Sanskrit) and a clock tower. The city also had a courthouse, police station, dispensary, orphanage, several schools, post and telegraph offices, and jail. Hardoi was not at the time a major commercial centre; the main trade involved gathering grain from the rural parts of the district and then exporting it by rail. There was a grain market at Railwayganj, by the train station, while the main market was at Hardeoganj, which held bazaars on Sundays and Wednesdays. The Gibsonganj quarter, near Railwayganj, had a colony of carpenters who did "extensive business in plough handles, cart wheels, and other portions of country carts."

Hardoi is located at {{Coord|27.42|N|80.12|E|}}.{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Hardoi.html |title=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc — Hardoi |publisher=Fallingrain.com |access-date=10 November 2011}} It has an average elevation of {{convert|134|m|ft}}. Hardoi is located 110 km from Lucknow (capital of Uttar Pradesh) and 394 from New Delhi (capital of India).

{{Weather box

|location = Hardoi (1991–2020, extremes 1950–2020)

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

|width = auto

| Jan record high C = 28.9

| Feb record high C = 34.0

| Mar record high C = 40.6

| Apr record high C = 44.4

| May record high C = 47.0

| Jun record high C = 48.3

| Jul record high C = 42.5

| Aug record high C = 39.6

| Sep record high C = 39.5

| Oct record high C = 38.2

| Nov record high C = 34.5

| Dec record high C = 31.8

|year record high C = 48.3

| Jan high C = 19.6

| Feb high C = 24.4

| Mar high C = 30.3

| Apr high C = 36.9

| May high C = 39.0

| Jun high C = 37.8

| Jul high C = 33.5

| Aug high C = 32.7

| Sep high C = 32.5

| Oct high C = 32.2

| Nov high C = 28.3

| Dec high C = 22.3

|year high C = 30.8

| Jan low C = 9.0

| Feb low C = 12.2

| Mar low C = 16.5

| Apr low C = 22.2

| May low C = 26.0

| Jun low C = 27.6

| Jul low C = 26.8

| Aug low C = 26.4

| Sep low C = 25.0

| Oct low C = 20.7

| Nov low C = 15.0

| Dec low C = 10.4

|year low C = 19.9

| Jan record low C = 0.7

| Feb record low C = 2.2

| Mar record low C = 4.2

| Apr record low C = 12.0

| May record low C = 14.5

| Jun record low C = 18.5

| Jul record low C = 19.5

| Aug record low C = 16.0

| Sep record low C = 18.0

| Oct record low C = 11.1

| Nov record low C = 6.1

| Dec record low C = 1.7

|year record low C = 0.7

| rain colour = green

| Jan rain mm = 17.2

| Feb rain mm = 18.4

| Mar rain mm = 11.6

| Apr rain mm = 11.8

| May rain mm = 22.3

| Jun rain mm = 92.3

| Jul rain mm = 254.2

| Aug rain mm = 223.5

| Sep rain mm = 163.2

| Oct rain mm = 23.1

| Nov rain mm = 3.1

| Dec rain mm = 7.5

|year rain mm = 848.2

| Jan rain days = 1.4

| Feb rain days = 1.5

| Mar rain days = 1.1

| Apr rain days = 0.9

| May rain days = 2.0

| Jun rain days = 4.6

| Jul rain days = 10.4

| Aug rain days = 10.6

| Sep rain days = 6.7

| Oct rain days = 1.1

| Nov rain days = 0.4

| Dec rain days = 0.6

|year rain days = 41.2

|time day = 17:30 IST

| Jan humidity = 67

| Feb humidity = 56

| Mar humidity = 42

| Apr humidity = 30

| May humidity = 34

| Jun humidity = 48

| Jul humidity = 72

| Aug humidity = 75

| Sep humidity = 72

| Oct humidity = 60

| Nov humidity = 59

| Dec humidity = 66

|year humidity = 57

|source 1 = India Meteorological Department{{cite web

| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf

| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020

| publisher = India Meteorological Department

| access-date = 8 April 2024

}}

{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf

| archive-date = 5 February 2020

| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf

| title = Station: Hardoi Climatological Table 1981–2010

| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010

| publisher = India Meteorological Department

| date = January 2015

| pages = 315–316

| access-date = 22 September 2020}}

{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf

| archive-date = 5 February 2020

| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf

| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)

| publisher = India Meteorological Department

| date = December 2016

| page = M216

| access-date = 22 September 2020}}

}}

{{bar box

|title=Religions in Hardoi City (2011){{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11394/download/14507/DDW09C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India}}

|titlebar=#Fcd116

|left1=Religion

|right1=Percent

|float=left

|bars=

{{bar percent|Hinduism|darkorange|83.13}}

{{bar percent|Islam|green|16.06}}

{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.81}}

|caption=Distribution of religions

}}

As of 2011 Indian Census, Hardoi had a total population of 126,851, of which 66,352 were males and 60,499 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 14,048. Hardoi had an average literary rate of 76%, of which male literacy was 79.5% and female literacy was 72.1%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 12,277 and 4 respectively. Hardoi had 21949 households in 2011.{{cite web |title=Census of India: Hardoi |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=161607 |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |access-date=9 October 2019}}

• Sandi Bird Sanctuary, created in 1990, previously, "Dahar Jheel", is an important ecotourism bird habitat.

As of 1971, the economy of Hardoi was described as a hybrid between the service, commercial, and industrial sectors.{{cite book |title=Census 1971 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part X-A: Village & Town Directory, District Hardoi |date=1972 |pages=viii-xi, 8-9 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1130/1/45148_1971_HAR.pdf |access-date=14 June 2021}} The main items imported were kerosene oil, cane sugar, and cloth. The main items manufactured were sugar, groundnut oil, and lime. The biggest exports were sugar, groundnut oil, and arhar.

Hardoi has officially been incorporated into the State Capital Region of the Uttar Pradesh government in 2024.{{cite news |last1=Rawat |first1=Virendra Singh |date=29 July 2024 |title=Uttar Pradesh govt plans to invest Rs 5 trillion to develop Lucknow-SCR |url=https://www.business-standard.com/economy/news/uttar-pradesh-govt-plans-to-invest-rs-5-trillion-to-develop-lucknow-scr-124072900958_1.html |work=Business Standard |access-date=27 December 2024}}

• Seth M.R. Jaipuria School, Hardoi
• St.James School, Hardoi{{cite news |title=सेंट जेम्स स्कूल की बीस बसों का चालान |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/hardoi/st-james-s-school-twenty-buses-invoice |access-date=28 June 2023 |work=Amar Ujala |date=27 April 2017 |language=hi}}

{{Reflist}}

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• {{Official|http://hardoi.nic.in }}

{{Hardoi district|Atrauli = }}

{{Lucknow division topics}}

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Category:Cities in Uttar Pradesh