:Hayabusa (train)
{{Short description|Japanese high-speed train}}
{{italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Hayabusa
| image = File:Series-E5-U44 Hayabusa-2.jpg
| image_width = 300px
| caption = E5 series shinkansen set U44 on a Hayabusa service, March 2023
| type = Shinkansen (Express)
| status = Operational
| locale = Honshu/Hokkaido, Japan
| predecessor = Hayate
| first = 1 October 1958 (Limited express)
5 March 2011 (Shinkansen)
| last =
| successor =
| operator = {{ric|JR East|name=y}}
{{ric|JR Hokkaido|name=y}}
| formeroperator= JNR JR West JR Central JR Kyushu
| ridership =
| start = {{STN|Tokyo|x}}
| stops =Limited stop
| end = {{STN|Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto|x}}
{{STN|Sapporo|x}} (From 2031)
| distance =
| journeytime =
| frequency =
| line_used = Tōhoku Shinkansen, Hokkaido Shinkansen
| trainnumber =
| class = Standard + Green + Gran Class
| access =
| seating =2+3 ( Standard car)
2+2 ( Green car)
1+2 ( Gran Class)
| catering = Trolley service
| stock = E5 series, H5 series
| gauge = {{RailGauge|sg|allk=on}}
| el = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} (overhead line)
| speed = {{cvt|320|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} (Tōhoku Shinkansen),
{{cvt|260|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} (Hokkaido Shinkansen),
{{cvt|400|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} (During Testing)
| owners =JR East, JRTT
| routenumber =
| map =
| map_state =
}}
The {{nihongo3|"Peregrine falcon"|はやぶさ|Hayabusa}} is a high-speed Shinkansen service operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido) between Tokyo and {{STN|Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto|x}} in Japan since 26 March 2016.{{cite web | script-title=ja:東北新幹線 「はやぶさ」 ３月５日 デビュー！ |trans-title=Tohoku Shinkansen "Hayabusa" 5 March debut | publisher = JR East | date = 11 November 2010 | url = http://www.jreast.co.jp/press/2010/20101107.pdf | language = ja | access-date = 11 November 2010}} The name was formerly used for a limited express sleeping car service operated by JR Kyushu, which ran from Tokyo to {{STN|Kumamoto|x}}, and was discontinued in March 2009.
Service pattern
Hayabusa trains stop at {{STN|Tōkyō|x}}, {{STN|Ueno|x}}*, {{STN|Ōmiya|x|Saitama}}, {{STN|Sendai|x|Miyagi}}, {{STN|Furukawa|x}}*, {{STN|Kurikoma-Kōgen|x}}*, {{STN|Ichinoseki|x}}*, {{STN|Mizusawa-Esashi|x}}*, {{STN|Kitakami|x}}*, {{STN|Shin-Hanamaki|x}}*, {{STN|Morioka|x}}, {{STN|Iwate-Numakunai|x}}*, {{STN|Ninohe|x}}*, {{STN|Hachinohe|x}}*, {{STN|Shichinohe-Towada|x}}*, {{STN|Shin-Aomori|x}}, {{STN|Okutsugaru-Imabetsu|x}}*, {{STN|Kikonai|x}}*, and Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto station. Additionally, some Hayabusa services begin or end at Shin-Aomori Station.
(*) Not served by all trains
Most Hayabusa trains are coupled to an Akita Shinkansen Komachi train between Tokyo and Morioka.
The fastest service from Tokyo to Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto station takes approximately 3 hours 57 minutes.{{cite book |script-title=ja: JR時刻表 |trans-title= JR Timetable |publisher = Kotsu Shimbunsha | year = 2016 |location = Japan |language = ja |id = {{EAN|4910053110464}}}}
Train formation
Hayabusa services are normally operated by 10-car E5 series or H5 series trainsets, with car 1 at the Tokyo end. All seats are reserved and non-smoking.
| class="wikitable" | ||||||||||
| Car No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | style="background: #E6FFE6" | 9 | style="background: #FFFBE6" | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class || Standard || Standard || Standard || Standard || Standard || Standard || Standard || Standard || style="background: #F5FFF5" | Green Car|| style="background: #FFFDF5" | GranClass | ||||||||||
| Facilities
| || || || || Wheelchair space || || || || style="background: #F5FFF5" | Wheelchair space || style="background: #FFFDF5" | |
Hayabusa trains feature premium GranClass accommodation with 2+1 leather seating and complimentary food and drinks, including alcohol.{{cite web|url=http://www.jrpass.com/blogs/use-japan-rail-pass-on-hayabusa |title=Japan Rail Pass – Use Japan Rail Pass on Hayabusa |publisher=Jrpass.com |access-date=2015-07-31}}
In 2021, payphones were removed from cars 3 and 5.
History
=Sleeping car service (1958–2009)=
{{Main|Hayabusa (sleeper train)}}
File:EF6649 Fuji Hayabusa 20090312.jpg
The Hayabusa service commenced on 1 October 1958, operating between Tokyo and {{STN|Kagoshima|x}}.{{cite book |script-title=ja: さらば九州ブルートレイン |trans-title= Farewell Kyushu Blue Trains | publisher = Ikaros Publications Ltd.| date = April 2009 | location = Tokyo| page = 99| isbn = 978-4-86320-168-2}} From 20 July 1960, the train was upgraded with 20 series sleeping cars, and extended to run to and from Nishi-Kagoshima (now {{STN|Kagoshima-Chūō|x}}). From 9 March 1975, the train was upgraded with 24 series sleeping cars.
The Hayabusa, along with its counterpart service, the Fuji, was discontinued from the start of the revised timetable on 14 March 2009 due to declining ridership.{{Cite magazine |date=March 2009 |title=寝台特急"富士"・"はやぶさ"ものがたり |trans-title=The Story of the "Fuji" and "Hayabusa" Sleeping Car Limited Expresses |magazine=Railfan Magazine |pages=22–35 |volume=49 |issue=575}}
=Shinkansen service (2011–)=
From 5 March 2011, the Hayabusa name was revived for the new {{Convert|300|km/h|abbr=on}} shinkansen services operated by JR East between Tokyo and {{STN|Shin-Aomori|x}} using new E5 series trainsets, and extended to Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto Station on 26 March 2016.
Rolling stock
=Sleeping car service=
In its final days, the limited express train was formed of 14 series sleeping cars based at JR Kyushu's Kumamoto Depot, typically consisting of six cars in the Hayabusa portion and six cars in the Fuji portion. The train was hauled by a JR West EF66 electric locomotive between Tokyo and {{STN|Shimonoseki|x}}, a JR Kyushu EF81-400 electric locomotive between Shimonoseki and Moji (through the undersea Kanmon Tunnel), and by a JR Kyushu ED76 electric locomotive from Moji to Kumamoto.{{cite book |script-title=ja:JR新幹線＆特急列車ファイル |trans-title= JR Shinkansen & Limited Express Train File| publisher = Kōtsū Shimbun | year = 2008 | location = Japan | isbn = 978-4-330-00608-6}}
File:ED76 66 Hayabusa Komorie 20100320.jpg|ED76 on a Hayabusa service, March 2010
File:Hayabusa Komorie 20100320.jpg|14 series coach at rear of Hayabusa service, March 2010
==Locomotive types used==
=Shinkansen service=
The new shinkansen Hayabusa services use 10-car E5 series sets, which initially operated at a maximum speed of 300 km/h (185 mp/h) between Utsunomiya and Morioka. The maximum speed was raised to 320 km/h (200 mp/h) from the start of the revised timetable on 16 March 2013.{{cite news |url= http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/03/17/national/320-kph-hayabusa-matches-world-speed-record|title= 320-km/h Hayabusa matches world speed record|date= 17 March 2013|work= The Japan Times|access-date= 11 September 2013}} From the same date, some services run coupled to E6 series Super Komachi services between Tokyo and Morioka. These services were limited to a maximum speed of {{Convert|300|km/h|abbr=on}}. Although the train could run up to speeds of {{Convert|400|km/h|abbr=on}} during test runs, from 2012 its top speed was fixed to {{Convert|320|km/h|abbr=on}} for passenger and environmental comfort.{{cite web | url=https://www.railway-technology.com/projects/shinkansen-bullet-train-high-speed-japan/?cf-view | title=E5 Series Shinkansen Bullet Train }} Since 15 March 2014, the name of Super Komachi services was returned simply to Komachi, and the maximum speed has been raised to {{Convert|320|km/h|abbr=on}}; from the same date, some Hayabusa services are operated by 10-car E5 series sets coupled to 7-car E6 series sets. At Morioka, the E5 series and E6 series sets decouple, with the E5 series set continuing along the Tohoku Shinkansen as the Hayabusa and the E6 series set turning onto the Akita Shinkansen as the Komachi.
From 26 March 2016, with the opening of the Hokkaido Shinkansen from Shin-Aomori to Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto, the Hayabusa name was used for services operating between Tokyo, Sendai, and Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto.{{cite web |url= http://www.jrhokkaido.co.jp/press/2014/141120-1.pdf|script-title=ja:北海道新幹線の列車名決定について |trans-title= Details of Hokkaido Shinkansen train names|date= 20 November 2014|work= News release |publisher= Hokkaido Railway Company |location= Japan|language= ja|access-date=20 November 2014}} From the start of the 26 March 2016 timetable revision, ten return services operate daily between Tokyo and Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto, and one return service daily operates between Sendai and Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto.{{cite web |url= http://www.jreast.co.jp/press/2015/20150914.pdf|script-title=ja:北海道新幹線 新青森～新函館北斗間開業に伴う運行計画の概要について |trans-title= Details of operations following opening of Hokkaido Shinkansen between Sendai and Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto|date= 16 September 2015|work= News release |publisher= East Japan Railway Company |location= Japan|language= ja|access-date=16 September 2015}}
See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
{{commons category|Hayabusa (Shinkansen)}}
- [http://www.jreast.co.jp/train/shinkan/e5.html Official JR East site for E5 series Hayabusa] {{in lang|ja}}
{{JR Kyushu trains}}
{{JR East trains}}
{{Hokkaidō transit}}
{{Shinkansen}}
Category:Kyushu Railway Company
Category:East Japan Railway Company
Category:Night trains of Japan
Category:Railway services introduced in 1958
Category:Railway services discontinued in 2009
Category:Railway services introduced in 2011
Category:Passenger trains running at least at 300 km/h in commercial operations