:Heike Drechsler

{{short description|German former track and field athlete|bot=PearBOT 5}}

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| birth_name = Heike Gabriela Daute{{cite Sports-Reference |title=Heike Drechsler |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/dr/heike-drechsler-1.html |access-date=30 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150523052933/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/dr/heike-drechsler-1.html |archive-date=23 May 2015}}

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| nickname = Heike Spix

| nationality = German

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| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1964|12|16|df=y}}

| birth_place = Gera, Bezirk Gera, East Germany

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| height = 181 cm

| weight = 68 kg

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| sport = Track and field

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Heike Gabriela Drechsler ({{IPA|de|ˈhaɪkə ˈdʁɛkslɐ|-|De-Heike Drechsler.ogg}}; {{née|Daute}}; born 16 December 1964) is a German former track and field athlete who represented East Germany and later Germany. One of the most successful long jumpers of all-time, she is a former world record holder and ranks third on the all-time list with her legal best of 7.48 metres in 1988. Her marginally wind-assisted jump of 7.63 metres (+2.1) in 1992 at altitude in Sestriere, is still the furthest a woman has ever long jumped. She is the only woman who has won two Olympic gold medals in the long jump, winning in 1992 and 2000.

Drechsler also won Olympic medals in the 100 metres and 200 metres in 1988, a silver medal in the 100 metres at the 1987 World Championships, and is a former world record holder in the 200 metres with 21.71 seconds in 1986.

Biography

Drechsler was born in Gera, Bezirk Gera, East Germany (now Thuringia, Germany). As a teenager she was active in the Free German Youth (FDJ) and in 1984 she was elected to the Volkskammer of East Germany.

Initially a very competitive long jumper early in her career as a teenager, Drechsler made a transition into the world of elite sprinting in 1986 at the age of 21. She married Andreas Drechsler in July 1984 and competed as Heike Drechsler from then on. She was coached by Erich Drechsler, her father-in-law.[http://www.sporting-heroes.net/athletics/east-germany/heike-drechsler-616/youngest-gold-medallist-at-1983-world-champs_a07915/ Heike Drechsler]. Sporting Heroes. Retrieved on 11 April 2014.

In addition to her Olympic success, Drechsler won two World Championships in the long jump (1983 and 1993), as well as gold medals in the long jump and the 200 m sprint in the World Indoor Championships 1987. She also had numerous successes in European and German championships. Drechsler's greatest rival in the long jump was Jackie Joyner-Kersee, with whom she was also very good friends.

In 1986, Drechsler twice equalled Marita Koch's 200 metres sprint (21.71 seconds) world record and set two long jump world records and equalled one in 1985 and 1986.

According to an article written by Ron Casey (an Australian statistician), in 1986 Drechsler made significant improvements to her 100 m and 200 m times. In one season she went from an 11.75-second 100 m to 10.91 seconds. Her 200 m time improved from 23.19 seconds to 21.71 seconds (equaling the world record) in the 1986 season.

Her 21.71 second performance for 200 m was run into a head wind of −0.8 m/s. By comparison, Marita Koch's 21.71 second runs in 1979 and 1984 had tail winds of +0.7 m/s and +0.3 m/s respectively.

Drechsler's 200 m performance of 21.71 seconds into a head wind (−0.8 m/s) is one of the fastest ever run by a woman in the history of track and field.

In October 1986, she was awarded a Star of People's Friendship in gold (second class) for her sporting success.{{cite news |title=Hohe staatliche Auszeichnungen verliehen |trans-title=Awarded high state awards |url=http://zefys.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/ddr-presse/ergebnisanzeige/?purl=SNP26120215-19861015-0-6-65-0 |access-date=23 September 2018 |work=Neues Deutschland |volume=42 |issue=243 |date=15 October 1986 |page=6 |language=de |url-access=registration |archive-date=23 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923052818/http://zefys.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/ddr-presse/ergebnisanzeige/?purl=SNP26120215-19861015-0-6-65-0 |url-status=dead }} Several German websites, including her own, claim that Heike Drechsler was voted "Athlete of the Century" in 1999 by the IAAF. This is not quite correct: she was put on the "shortlist",{{Cite web |url=http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=6&click_id=174&art_id=qw942423300264B216 |title=Fehler |access-date=8 October 2005 |archive-date=26 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126064325/http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=6&click_id=174&art_id=qw942423300264B216 |url-status=dead }} but the award was given to Fanny Blankers-Koen.{{cite web| url = http://www.iaaf.org/news/Kind=2/newsId=23914.html| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040201223129/http://www.iaaf.org/news/Kind=2/newsId=23914.html| archive-date = 2004-02-01| title = IAAF International Association of Athletics Federations - IAAF.org - News - Article}}

Personal records

=Long jump=

1983: {{height|m=7.14|frac=4}} in Bratislava / (Juniors)

1985: {{height|m=7.44|frac=4}} in East Berlin

1986: {{height|m=7.45|frac=4}} in Tallinn

1988: {{height|m=7.48|frac=4}} in Neubrandenburg[http://www.iaaf.org/statistics/toplists/inout=o/age=n/season=0/sex=W/all=y/legal=A/disc=LJ/detail.html IAAF All time stats]

1992: {{height|m=7.63|frac=4}} in Sestriere

Drechsler's 1992 jump in Sestriere was made with a tailwind of 2.1 meters per second, just 0.1 m/s over the allowable level of 2.0 m/s to be considered a world record; it was also performed at an altitude of greater than 1000 meters above sea level, which is the level beyond which marks are designated to have been achieved "at altitude." The jump is 11 cm longer than the current world record.

=200 metres=

1986: 21.71 seconds in Jena{{cite web |url=http://www.leichtathletik.de/image.php?AID=9315 |title="Ewige" Bestenliste der deutschen Leichtathletik |publisher=leichtathletik.de |date=27 September 2012 |access-date=24 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224115534/http://www.leichtathletik.de/image.php?AID=9315 |archive-date=24 December 2013}}{{cite web |url=http://www.apulanta.fi/matti/yu/nrs/GER_Men.html |title=National Lists of Germany (Men) |publisher=apulanta.fi |access-date=24 February 2013}}{{cite web |url=http://www.alltime-athletics.com/index.html |title=Track and Field all-time |publisher=alltime-athletics.com |access-date=24 February 2013}}

1986: 21.71 seconds in Stuttgart

=Heptathlon=

1981: 5891 Points (Junior)

1994: 6741 Points in Talence

Doping allegations

There were many accusations of drug use while she competed for East Germany. She has never failed a drug test during her career; however, all East German athletes competing abroad were tested before departure to avoid getting caught.{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/29/sports/drug-use-by-prominent-athletes-reported.html |title=Drug Use by Prominent Athletes Reported |newspaper=The New York Times |date=29 November 1990 |last1=Janofsky |first1=Michael}} In 2001, the BBC claimed she has admitted to unknowingly taking prohibited substances in the early 1980s under orders from her team doctors.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/athletics/specials/european_athletics/2082599.stm BBC {{!}} Drechsler keeps on jumping]

In 1991, after the fall of East Germany, Brigitte Berendonk and Werner Franke found several theses and dissertations quoting former GDR doping researchers in the Military Medical Academy Bad Saarow (MMA). The basis of the work reconstructed state-organized doping practices involving many well-known GDR athletes, including Heike Drechsler. Indications were that Heike Drechsler used high doses of Oral Turinabol plus more testosterone ester injections before competitions from 1982 to 1984.Brigitte Berendonk: Doping documents – From Scientific Research to Cheating. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1991, {{ISBN|3-540-53742-2}}, p. 125, Table 7 In 1993, Drechsler challenged Brigitte Berendonk, accusing her of lying in a lawsuit.

↑ Cf Uwe Mueller / Grit Hartman: Forward and forget it! Kader, spies and accomplices – The dangerous legacy of the SED dictatorship, Berlin 2009, p. 215 In the case, the full annual dosage schedules, and charts of the development of sport performance as a function of the dosage amount, were released. Drechsler lost the lawsuit.↑ Brigitte Berendonk: Doping documents – From Scientific Research to Cheating. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1991, {{ISBN|3-540-53742-2}}, p. 122, Fig 6↑ Brigitte Berendonk: Doping documents – From Scientific Research to Cheating. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1991, {{ISBN|3-540-53742-2}}, p. 133, Figure 11 However, Drechsler continued to win titles after the DDR time (after 1989), when she started for the merged German team and was tested regularly.

Gallery

{{Gallery

|File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1984-0121-018, Heike Daute.jpg|Heike Daute in 1984

|File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1984-0513-017, Heike Daute.jpg|Heike Daute in 1984

|File:EKB42087 heike d (44787773541).jpg|Heike Drechsler in 2018

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References

External links

[http://www.rzutyiskoki.pl/drechsler.lj.htm Daute-Drechsler rzutyiskoki.pl] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917173159/http://www.rzutyiskoki.pl/drechsler.lj.htm |date=17 September 2018}}
[https://web.archive.org/web/20071217002553/http://www.heike-drechsler.com/ Home page of Heike Drechsler] {{in lang|de}}
{{World Athletics}}
[http://www.iaaf.org/news/iaaf-news/inside-athletics-heike-drechsler-video-interv 2015 Interview]

{{Succession box|title=Women's long jump World Record Holder

|before=Anişoara Cuşmir|years=22 September 1985 – 11 June 1988|after= Galina Chistyakova}}

{{Succession box|title=East German Sportswoman of the Year

|before=Marita Koch|years=1986|after=Silke Möller}}

{{Succession box|title=Women's Track & Field Athlete of the Year|before=Heike Henkel|after=Wang Junxia|years=1992}}

{{Succession box|title=German Sportswoman of the Year

|before=Steffi Graf|years=2000|after=Hannah Stockbauer}}

{{Succession box| title=United Press International
Athlete of the Year

| before=Mary Decker Slaney| after=Steffi Graf | years=1986}}

{{Succession box|title=Women's long jump Best Year Performance

|years=1984 – 1986
1991 – 1993
1995

|before=Anişoara Cuşmir|after=Jackie Joyner-Kersee