:High-pressure electrolysis

As the required compression power for water is less than that for hydrogen-gas the water is pumped up to a high-pressure,[http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=15701199 Prediction of production power for high-pressure hydrogen by high-pressure water electrolysis] in the other approach differential pressure is used.[http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/review08/pd_10_hamden.pdf Differential pressure]

There is also an importance for the electrolyser stacks to be able to accept a fluctuating electrical input, such as that found with renewable energy.{{Cite web |url=http://www.itm-power.com/tech/electrolyser-stacks/ |title=Electrolyser Stacks | ITM Power |access-date=2013-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512160613/http://www.itm-power.com/tech/electrolyser-stacks/ |archive-date=2013-05-12 |url-status=dead }} This then enables the ability to help with grid balancing and energy storage.

Ultrahigh-pressure electrolysis is high-pressure electrolysis operating at {{convert|5000|–|10000|psi|bar|disp=flip}}.XI.13 High-Efficiency, Ultra-High Pressure Electrolysis with Direct Linkage to Photovoltaic Arrays (Phase II Project) ([http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/progress05/xi_13_jackson.pdf Available here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421101128/https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/progress05/xi_13_jackson.pdf |date=2021-04-21 }} Accessed 2008-08-9.) At ultra-high pressures the water solubility and cross-permeation across the membrane of H₂ and O₂ is affecting hydrogen purity, modified PEMs are used to reduce cross-permeation in combination with catalytic H₂/O₂ recombiners to maintain H₂ levels in O₂ and O₂ levels in H₂ at values compatible with hydrogen safety requirements.[http://vgr.ing.unipi.it/ichs/fileadmin/user_upload/CD/PAPERS/12SEPT/2.1.73.pdf Hydrogen safety aspects related to high pressure PEM water electrolysis]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Update|date=January 2021}}

The US DOE believes that high-pressure electrolysis, supported by ongoing research and development, will contribute to the enabling and acceptance of technologies where hydrogen is the energy carrier between renewable energy resources and clean energy consumers.Alkaline, High Pressure Electrolysis ([http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/progress06/ii_h_5_ibrahim.pdf Available here] Accessed 2008-08-9.)

High-pressure electrolysis is being investigated by the DOE for efficient production of hydrogen from water. The target total in 2005 is $4.75 per gge H₂ at an efficiency of 64%.2005 DOE H2 Program Review Alkaline, High Pressure Electrolysis.

([http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/review05/pd26_ibrahim.pdf Available here] Accessed 2008-08-9.) The total goal for the DOE in 2010 is $2.85 per gge H₂ at an efficiency of 75%. As of 2005 the DOE provided a total of $1,563,882 worth of funding for research.

Mitsubishi is pursuing such technology with its High-pressure hydrogen energy generator (HHEG) project.Mitsubishi Monitor August and September 2004 ([http://www.mitsubishi.com/mpac/e/monitor/back/0408/news.html available here] Accessed 2008-08-9.)

The Forschungszentrum Jülich, in Jülich Germany is currently researching the cost reduction of components used in high-pressure PEM electrolysis in the EKOLYSER {{cite web|url=http://www.fz-juelich.de/iek/iek-3/EN/UeberUns/Kooperationen/EKOLYSER.html|title= Forschungszentrum Jülich EKOLYSER Project|accessdate=27 May 2013}} project. The primary goal of this research is to improve performance and gas purity, reduce cost and volume of expensive materials and reach the alternative energy targets set forth by the German government for 2050 in the Energy Concept published in 2010.{{cite web|url=http://www.bmu.de/fileadmin/bmu-import/files/pdfs/allgemein/application/pdf/energiekonzept_bundesregierung.pdf |title=Das Energiekonzept der Bundesregierung 2010 und die Energiewende 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130226222555/http://www.bmu.de/fileadmin/bmu-import/files/pdfs/allgemein/application/pdf/energiekonzept_bundesregierung.pdf |archivedate=2013-02-26 }}{{cite journal|last=Carmo|first=M|author2=Fritz D |author3=Mergel J |author4=Stolten D |title=A comprehensive review on PEM water electrolysis|journal=Journal of Hydrogen Energy|volume=38|issue=12|pages=4901|year=2013|doi=10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.01.151}}

ThalesNano Energy released a lab-scale high pressure (100 bar) hydrogen generator as a replacement for hydrogen cylinders in chemistry laboratories. {{Cite web|url=https://global.honda/innovation/FuelCell/smart-hydrogen-station-engineer-talk.html/|title=Hydrogen Generator & CO2 Cell Technology}}

Honda installed its Smart Hydrogen Station (SHS) in Los Angeles for use by fuel cell automobiles. {{Cite web|url=https://global.honda/innovation/FuelCell/smart-hydrogen-station-engineer-talk.html|title=Smart Hydrogen Station}}

• Regenerative fuel cell
• Electrochemical engineering
• High-temperature electrolysis

{{Reflist}}

• [http://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/pdf/efchp_hydrogen1.pdf High pressure electrolyzer]
• [http://www.cder.dz/A2H2/Medias/Download/Proc%20PDF/PARALLEL%20SESSIONS/%5BS05%5D%20Production%20-%20Water%20Electrolysis/14-06-06/393.pdf EC-supported STREP program on high pressure PEM water electrolysis]

{{Electrolysis}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:High Pressure Electrolysis}}

Category:Hydrogen technologies

Category:Electrolysis

Category:Hydrogen production