:Italian cruiser Dogali

File:Dogali line-drawing.png

{{lang|it|Dogali}} was designed by the British naval architect William Henry White and built at the Armstrong Whitworth shipyard at Elswick. The ship was {{convert|76.2|m|sp=us}} long and had a beam of {{convert|11.28|m|abbr=on|0}} and a draft of {{cvt|4.42|m|ftin}}. She displaced {{convert|2050|LT|sp=us|lk=on}}. The ship was fitted with two pole masts, and originally, a sailing rig that was later removed.{{sfn|Fraccaroli|p=349}} Revolving, armored spotting tops were mounted on the masts.{{sfn|Neal|p=100}} She had a crew of 224 officers and enlisted men, though this was later increased to 247.{{sfn|Fraccaroli|p=349}}

{{lang|it|Dogali}} was powered by two-shaft triple-expansion engines, the first set of this kind of machinery ever installed in a warship. Steam for the engines was provided by four coal-fired cylindrical fire-tube boilers that were trunked into two funnels on the centerline. The engines were rated at {{convert|5012|ihp|lk=in}} and could produce a top speed of {{convert|17.68|kn|lk=in}}, though on trials her engines reached {{convert|7179|ihp|abbr=on}} and {{convert|19.66|kn}}. {{lang|it|Dogali}} had a cruising radius of {{convert|4000|nmi|lk=in}} at a speed of {{convert|10|kn}}.{{sfn|Fraccaroli|p=349}} At the time of her commissioning, {{lang|it|Dogali}} was among the fastest cruisers in the world.{{sfn|Brassey|p=728}}

The ship was armed with a main battery of six Cannon 152/32 Model 1887 L/32 guns all mounted individually in sponsons, with two side by side forward, two astern, and one amidships on each broadside.{{sfn|Fraccaroli|p=349}}L/40 refers to the length of the gun in terms of caliber. These were Pattern M guns manufactured by Armstrong Whitworth, and they weighed {{convert|2|MT|abbr=on}} apiece. {{lang|it|Dogali}} was the only ship equipped with guns of this type.{{sfn|Friedman|p=89}} These were supplemented by a secondary battery of nine QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss L/40 guns and six Gatling guns. She was also equipped with four {{cvt|356|mm|0}} torpedo tubes. The ship was protected by an armored deck that was {{convert|50|mm|abbr=on|0}} thick, and the conning tower had the same thickness of armor plating on the sides. The main guns were protected by {{convert|110|mm|abbr=on}} thick gun shields.{{sfn|Fraccaroli|p=349}}

File:Spedizione italiana in Africa. L’incrociatore Dogali nelle acque di Zula (xilografia).jpg

The keel for the new cruiser was laid down at Armstrong Whitworth on 13 February 1885, and the completed hull was launched on 23 December that year. The ship was originally ordered by the Greek Navy and was to be named Salamis, but she was purchased by Italy during construction. She was first renamed {{lang|it|Angelo Emo}}, and then {{lang|it|Dogali}} before being commissioned on 28 April 1887.{{sfn|Fraccaroli|p=349}} On 10 June, the annual fleet maneuvers began; {{lang|it|Folgore}} was assigned to the "defending squadron", along with the ironclads {{ship|Italian ironclad|Enrico Dandolo||2}}, {{ship|Italian ironclad|Palestro||2}}, {{ship|Italian ironclad|Castelfidardo||2}}, and {{ship|Italian ironclad|Affondatore||2}}, the torpedo cruiser {{ship|Italian cruiser|Folgore||2}}, and several smaller vessels. The first half of the maneuvers tested the ability to attack and defend the Strait of Messina, and concluded in time for a fleet review by King Umberto I on the 21st.{{sfn|Beehler|pp=164–167}} In 1890, {{lang|it|Dogali}} participated in the annual fleet maneuvers in the First Squadron, along with the ironclad {{ship|Italian ironclad|Lepanto||2}}, the protected cruiser {{ship|Italian cruiser|Piemonte||2}}, and several torpedo boats. The exercises were conducted in the Tyrrhenian Sea, where the First Squadron was tasked with defending against an attacking "hostile" squadron.{{sfn|The Naval Maneuvers of 1890|p=268}}

{{lang|it|Dogali}} and the protected cruisers {{ship|Italian cruiser|Etna||2}} and {{ship|Italian cruiser|Giovanni Bausan||2}} represented Italy at the international naval review in New York, held at the start of the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893. The Exposition marked the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in North America. Contingents from France, Germany, Britain, Spain, and several other nations also participated in the celebration.{{sfn|Neal|pp=99–100}} Later that year, {{lang|it|Dogali}} and {{lang|it|Giovanni Bausan}} were present in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil during the {{lang|pt|Revolta da Armada}} (Revolt of the Fleet), along with cruisers from Britain, France, Germany, Spain, and Argentina. The foreign warships were all tasked with protecting the interests of their respective nationals in the area.{{sfn|Marley|p=592}} After returning to Italy later in 1893, she was assigned to the 3rd Department, which was stationed in Venice; she remained there through the following year.{{sfn|Garbett 1894|p=201}} On 1 February 1897, {{lang|it|Dogali}} was assigned to the Cruiser Squadron of the main Italian fleet, along with the cruisers {{ship|Italian cruiser|Marco Polo||2}}, {{ship|Italian cruiser|Umbria||2}} and {{ship|Italian cruiser|Liguria||2}}.{{sfn|Robinson|p=186}} Later that year, she cruised off the eastern coast of South American in company with {{lang|it|Umbria}}.{{sfn|Garbett 1897|p=789}} She remained in the Cruiser Squadron through 1903, by which time the unit also included the armored cruiser {{ship|Italian cruiser|Vettor Pisani||2}}, {{lang|it|Giovanni Bausan}} and the protected cruiser {{ship|Italian cruiser|Etruria||2}}.{{sfn|Garbett 1903|p=1069}}

In 1906, while cruising in North American waters, {{lang|it|Dogali}} stopped at the Pensacola Navy Yard, where she had some maintenance done on her engines.{{sfn|Annual Reports|p=726}} Later that year she was present for a ceremony in Capitán Pastene, Chile, a town founded by Italian immigrants.{{sfn|The Messenger|p=540}} In January 1908, the Italian government sold {{lang|it|Dogali}} to Uruguay. She was renamed {{lang|es|25 de Agosto}} for the date Uruguay declared its independence. At the time, she was the largest warship in the Uruguayan Navy. In 1910, the ship was renamed {{lang|es|Montevideo}} after the country's capital city. She was decommissioned in 1914, but remained in the Uruguayan Navy's inventory until 1932, when the old cruiser was finally sold to be broken up.{{sfn|Gardiner & Gray|p=425}}

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{{Commons category}}

• [https://www.marina.difesa.it/noi-siamo-la-marina/mezzi/mezzi-storici/Pagine/ABCD/dogali.aspx Dogali] Marina Militare website {{in lang|it}}

{{Portal bar|Italy|Engineering}}

{{Italian cruiser Dogali}}

{{Italian protected cruisers}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dogali}}

Category:Cruisers of the Regia Marina

Category:1885 ships

Category:Ships of the National Navy of Uruguay

Category:Ships built by Armstrong Whitworth