:Jamal Garhi
{{For|village and union council|Jamal Garhi, Mardan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox ancient site
| name = Jamal Garhi
| native_name =
| alternate_name =
| image = 300px
| alt =
| caption = View of Jamal Garhi ruins from the Graeco-Buddhist era.
| map_type = Pakistan#Gandhara
| map_alt =
| map_size = 300
| relief = yes
| coordinates = {{coord|34|19|N|72|04|E|display=inline,title}}
| location = Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| region =
| type = Settlement
| part_of =
| length =
| width =
| area =
| height =
| builder =
| material =
| built =
| abandoned =
| epochs =
| cultures =
| dependency_of =
| occupants =
| event =
| excavations =
| archaeologists =
| condition =
| ownership =
| management =
| public_access =
| website =
| notes =
| designation1 =
| designation1_offname =
| designation1_type =
| designation1_criteria =
| designation1_date =
| delisted1_date =
| designation1_number =
| designation1_free1name =
| designation1_free1value =
}}
File:Dream Queen Maya BM OA 1932.7-9.1.jpg.]]
File:Indo-Corinthian capital from Jamal-Garhi.jpg from Jamal Garhi]]
Jamal Garhi is a small town located 13 kilometers from Mardan at Katlang-Mardan road in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in northern Pakistan. Jamal Garhi was a Buddhist monastery from the first until the fifth century AD at a time when Buddhism flourished in this part of the Indian subcontinent. The monastery and main stupa are surrounded by chapels closely packed together.{{cite web|title=Jamal Garhi|url=http://www.tourism.gov.pk/|access-date=31 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928235952/http://www.tourism.gov.pk/|archive-date=28 September 2019|url-status=dead}} The site is called "The Jamal Garhi Kandarat or Kafiro Kote" by the locals.
Discovery
The ruins of Jamal Garhi were first discovered by the British explorer and archaeologist Sir Alexander Cunningham in 1848. The stupa at the site was opened by Colonel Lumsden in 1852 but little of value was found at the time.{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/archaeologicalsu05arch|title=Jamal Garhi, Archaeological Survey of India 5, Report for the year 1872-73|last=Cunningham|first=Alexander|year=1875|pages=[https://archive.org/details/archaeologicalsu05arch/page/46 46]-53}} In 1871, the site was excavated by Lieutenant Cromten, who unearthed a large number of Buddhist sculptures which are now part of the collections of the British Museum[https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?place=40440&plaA=40440-3-2 British Museum Collection] and the Indian Museum in Calcutta.
At the monastery a Kharoshti inscription was also discovered which is now kept in Peshawar Museum.
Ruins
File:SFAAMBuddha.jpg|The Seated Buddha, dating from 300 to 500 CE, was found near Jamal Garhi, and is now on display at the Asian Art Museum in San Francisco
File:Road to Buddhist Remains.JPG|Road to Buddhist remains at Jamal Garhi.
File:Side view of the Buddhist Remains.JPG|Side view of the Buddhist remains.
File:The main (round) Stupa of Jamal Garhi-2.jpg|The main (round) Stupa
File:The Monastery and Water Tank, Jamal Garhi.JPG|The Monastery and Water Tank.
File:Jamal Garhi Buddhist Ruins (3).jpg|Jamal Garhi Buddhist ruins
File:Court of Votive Stupas at Jamal Garhi.JPG|Court of Votive Stupas.
File:Jamal Garhi Buddhist Ruins (2).jpg|Jamal Garhi Buddhist ruins.
File:One of the Budhist Remains.JPG|Some of the Buddhist Ruins.
Sculptural remains
File:Stair friezes Jamal Garhi.jpg|Stair friezes at Jamal Garhi.
File:Sculptures Jamal Garhi.jpg|Sculptures at Jamal Garhi.
File:Hunting scene Jamal Garhi.jpg|Hunting scene.
File:Revelers Jamal Garhi.jpg|Revelers.
File:The Buddha and nude Vajrapani at Jamal Garhi.jpg|The Buddha and nude Vajrapani.
File:Gandhara wedding.jpg|Wedding scene.
File:Base of pillar, Indo-Corinthian capitals and elephants from base of stupa, Jarwal-Garhi.jpg|Base of pillar, Indo-Corinthian capitals and elephants from base of stupa.
File:Series of Indo-Corinthian capitals from Jamal-Garhi.jpg|Series of Indo-Corinthian capitals from Jamal Garhi.
File:Indo-Corinthian capitals from Jamal-Garhi.jpg|Indo-Corinthian capitals from Jamal Garhi.
See also
- Seated Buddha from Gandhara, which was also found at the site.[https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=225497&partId=1 British Museum Collection]
- Ranigat a historical site in Buner near Swabi.
- The frieze of the Buddha and the nude Vajrapani at Jamal Garhi - {{Cite web|last=Perera|first=Sathsara|date=2018|title=The frieze of the Buddha and the nude Vajrapani at Jamal Garhi (Special focus on the mix of Hellenistic and Indian elements in the particular relief of the Buddhist Kushan art)|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341323186|access-date=29 July 2021|website=Research Gate}}
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Gandhara}}
{{Archaeological sites around Mardan}}
Category:Populated places in Mardan District
Category:Asian sculptures in the British Museum