:James Parker (publisher)
{{Infobox person
| name = James Parker
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| birth_date = 1714
| birth_place = Woodbridge, New Jersey
| death_date = {{Death year and age|1770|1714}}
| death_place = Burlington, New Jersey
| burial_place = {{unbulleted list|First Presbyterian Churchyard|Woodbridge, New Jersey}}
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| other_names = {{unbulleted list|First Native New Jersey Printer|King's Printer}}
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| occupation = Colonial printer, journalist, librarian, postmaster
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| employer = Apprentice and indenture servant of William Bradford (1727)
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| known_for = {{bulleted list|New Jersey General Assembly first printer publisher|King of England and New York province official printer publisher|Business associate of Benjamin Franklin|Postmaster with John Holt}}
| notable_works = {{unbulleted list|New-York Weekly Post-Boy (1743)|New-York Gazette, Revived in the Weekly Post-Boy (1744)|Yale College printer publisher (1755)|The Constitutional Courant (1765)}}
| spouse = Madam Mary Ballareau
| children = {{unbulleted list|Samuel Franklin Parker (1745–1779)|Jane Ballareau Parker (1746–1831)}}
| parents = {{unbulleted list|Samuel Parker (1674–1725)|Jana Inglis Parker (1674–1744)}}
| relatives = Grandparents{{unbulleted list|Elisha Parker (Barnstable, Massachusetts)|Elizabeth Hinckley (Plymouth Colony)}} Governor of Plymouth{{unbulleted list|Thomas Hinckley}}
| family = Samuel Parker (1712–1732)
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James Parker (1714–1770) was a Colonial printer and publisher in British America during the reign of George II of Great Britain. Parker was born in 1714 at Woodbridge Township, New Jersey, the son of Samuel Parker and Jana Inglis Parker. Parker had a brother named Samuel, who died at 20 and was buried at the First Presbyterian Churchyard in Woodbridge Township.
James Parker had a son Samuel Franklin Parker who acquired the Franklin name given his business association and friendship with Benjamin Franklin. Samuel Franklin pursued his father's typesetting talents of an 18th century publisher printer during the governance of the Colonial government in the Thirteen Colonies. Parker had a daughter Jane Ballareau Parker who married Gunning Bedford Jr., a Founding Father of the United States and a signer of the United States Constitution.
Colonial Currency in Province of New Jersey
In 1760s, the Woodbridge Township press governed the printing of colonial currency for the crown colony of New Jersey. The Province of New Jersey issued paper money depicting the unit of account for colonial currency reciprocal of the Carolingian monetary system.
{{multiple image
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| header = Colonial Currency from James Parker Press
| image1 = One Shilling Bill 1763.jpg
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| caption1 = Province of New Jersey paper currency adorned with Coat of arms of Great Britain ca. 1763
| image2 = One Shilling note 1763.jpg
| width2 = 250
| caption2 = Province of New Jersey paper currency embellished with anti-counterfeiting impression resembling a tobacco leaf ca. 1763
}}
In 1751, the British Parliament imposed regulatory law by enacting the Paper Bills of Credit Act. The parliamentary rules served as a currency reform for capital exchange and public banks established in British America.{{cite web |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1729/colonial-american-currency/ |title=Colonial American Currency |last=Mark |first=Joshua J. |website=World History Encyclopedia |publisher=World History Publishing ~ World History Foundation}}
Parliamentary Taxation and Thirteen Colonies
{{Broader|No taxation without representation}}File:No Taxation Without Representation BA Colonists.jpg
In January of 1766, the Parliament of the United Kingdom assembled the Committee of the Whole House to examine the consequences of parliamentary taxation and repugnance by the British America's colonies regarding the Stamp Act 1765 and Declaratory Act 1766.{{cite book |title=Stamp Act of 1765 ~ 5 Geo. 3. c. 12 |author=Great Britain |year=1765 |trans-title=The Statutes at Large: From the Magna Charta, to the End of the Eleventh Parliament of Great Britain, Anno 1761, Volume XXVI |publisher=Joseph Bentham, Cambridge University Printer |pages=179-204 |url={{google books|0L4uAAAAIAAJ|plainurl=y}}}}{{cite book |title=Declaratory Act of 1766 ~ 6 Geo. 3. c. 12 |author=Great Britain |year=1766 |trans-title=The Statutes at Large: From the Magna Charta, to the End of the Eleventh Parliament of Great Britain, Anno 1761, Volume XXVII |publisher=John Archdeacon, Cambridge University Printer |pages=19-20 |url={{google books|21UDAAAAQAAJ|plainurl=y}}}}{{cite web |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775/parliamentary-taxation |title=Parliamentary Taxation of Colonies, International Trade, and the American Revolution, 1763–1775 |website=Office of the Historian ~ Milestones: 1750–1775 |publisher=United States Department of State}}
The colonial agent of the Pennsylvania Assembly, Benjamin Franklin, represented the British North America interest and colonial governance in London from 1757 to 1775.{{cite web |url=http://www.benjamin-franklin-history.org/agent-london/ |title=Agent of the Pennsylvania Assembly to London |website=BenjaminFranklinHistory.org - Agent to London |publisher=Benjamin Franklin Historical Society}}{{cite web |url=https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/benjamin-franklin-in-london |title=Benjamin Franklin in London |website=MountVernon.org |publisher=Mount Vernon Ladies' Association}} In 1766, Franklin conveyed a consensus concerning the Stamp Act Congress deliberations in regards to the taxation ― Sugar Act ― imposed on the British America colonies.{{cite book |title=Sugar Act of 1764 ~ 4 Geo. 3. c. 15 |author=Great Britain |year=1764 |trans-title=The Statutes at Large: From the Magna Charta, to the End of the Eleventh Parliament of Great Britain, Anno 1761, Volume XXVI |publisher=Joseph Bentham, Cambridge University Printer |pages=33-52 |url={{google books|0L4uAAAAIAAJ|plainurl=y}}}} The parliamentary chamber convened at the Palace of Westminster conducting a redress which became known as the Examination before the Committee of the Whole of the House of Commons disclosed February 13, 1766.{{cite web |url=https://www.masshist.org/database/251 |title=The Examination of Doctor Benjamin Franklin, before an August Assembly, relating to the Repeal of the Stamp-Act, &c. |author=Great Britain Parliament House of Commons |website=Digital Commonwealth Massachusetts Collections Online |publisher=Massachusetts Historical Society}}{{cite web |url=https://jstor.org/stable/community.34336820 |title=The Examination of Doctor Benjamin Franklin, before an August Assembly, Relating to the Repeal of the Stamp-Act, &c. |author1=Great Britain, Parliament House of Commons |author2=Franklin, Benjamin |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |publisher=Hall and Sellers |jstor=community.34336820}}{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/det.4a26450/ |title=Franklin's examination by the House of Commons in 1766 |website=Photo, Print, Drawing ~ United States Library of Congress |publisher=Detroit Publishing Company |lccn=2016817312}}
The Woodbridge Township press published pamphlets disseminated throughout the British America colonies with publications appearing in English language and foreign translations in Europe.
See also
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- Alexander Colden
- Alexander Wedderburn, 1st Earl of Rosslyn
- Considerations on Imposing Taxes in British Colonies
- Early American publishers and printers
- Ephemera
- Frederick North, Lord North
- Global spread of the printing press
- History of American newspapers
- Hutchinson letters affair
- Papermaking
- Postage stamps and postal history of the United States
- Seven Years' War
- Sons of Liberty
- Townshend Acts
{{div col end}}
Footnotes
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Franklin Papers Archives regarding James Parker in British America
- {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-02-02-0081 |title=Articles of Agreement with James Parker, 20 February 1742 |last=Franklin |first=Benjamin |date=February 20, 1742 |website=Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
- {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-03-02-0083 |title=To Benjamin Franklin from James Parker, 7 September 1747 |last=Parker |first=James |date=September 7, 1747 |website=Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
- {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-03-02-0084 |title=To Benjamin Franklin from James Parker, 21 September 1747 |last=Parker |first=James |date=September 21, 1747 |website=Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
- {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-04-02-0037 |title=From Benjamin Franklin to James Parker, 20 March 1751 |last=Franklin |first=Benjamin |date=March 20, 1751 |website=Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
- {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-05-02-0085 |title=From Benjamin Franklin to Richard Partridge, 8 May 1754 |last=Franklin |first=Benjamin |date=May 8, 1754 |website=Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
- {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-06-02-0062 |title=Alexander Colden to James Parker, 28 July 1755 |last=Colden |first=Alexander |date=July 28, 1755 |website=Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
- {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-07-02-0082 |title=Commission to James Parker as Comptroller of the Post Office, 22 April 1757 |last1=Franklin |first1=Benjamin |last2=Hunter |first2=William |date=April 22, 1757 |website=Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
- {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-10-02-0201 |title=To Benjamin Franklin from James Parker: Bond, 15 November 1763 |last=Parker |first=James |date=November 15, 1763 |website=Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
- {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-11-02-0071 |title=Benjamin Franklin and John Foxcroft: Commission to James Parker, 10 July 1764 |last1=Franklin |first1=Benjamin |last2=Foxcroft |first2=John |date=July 10, 1764 |website=Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
- {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-11-02-0114 |title=To Benjamin Franklin from James Parker, 27 October 1764 |last=Parker |first=James |date=October 27, 1764 |website=Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
- {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-11-02-0126 |title=Power of Attorney to James Parker, 5 November 1764 |last=Franklin |first=Benjamin |date=November 5, 1764 |website=Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
- {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-11-02-0141 |title=To Benjamin Franklin from James Parker, 23 November 1764 |last=Parker |first=James |date=November 23, 1764 |website=Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
- {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-12-02-0008 |title=To Benjamin Franklin from James Parker, 14 January 1765 |last=Parker |first=James |date=January 14, 1765 |website=Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
- {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-12-02-0010 |title=To Benjamin Franklin from James Parker, 22 January 1765 |last=Parker |first=James |date=January 22, 1765 |website=Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
- {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-12-02-0040 |title=To Benjamin Franklin from James Parker, 22 March 1765 |last=Parker |first=James |date=March 22, 1765 |website=Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
- {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-12-02-0056 |title=To Benjamin Franklin from James Parker, 25 April 1765 |last=Parker |first=James |date=April 25, 1765 |website=Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
- {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-12-02-0121 |title=To Benjamin Franklin from James Parker, 8 August 1765 |last=Parker |first=James |date=August 8, 1765 |website=Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
- {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-12-02-0202 |title=To Benjamin Franklin from James Parker, 20 December 1765 |last=Parker |first=James |date=December 20, 1765 |website=Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
- {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-13-02-0021 |title=James Parker: Valuation of the Printing Office, 27 January 1766 |last=Parker |first=James |date=January 27, 1766 |website=Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
- {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-13-02-0026 |title=James Parker: Final Report on the Franklin and Hall Accounts, 1 February 1766 |last=Parker |first=James |date=February 1, 1766 |website=Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
- {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-13-02-0035 |title=Examination before the Committee of the Whole of the House of Commons, 13 February 1766 |last=Franklin |first=Benjamin |date=February 13, 1766 |website=Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
- {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-13-02-0084 |title=To Benjamin Franklin from James Parker, 6 May 1766 |last=Parker |first=James |date=May 6, 1766 |website=Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
- {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-13-02-0105 |title=To Benjamin Franklin from James Parker, 11 June 1766 |last=Parker |first=James |date=June 11, 1766 |website=Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
- {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-13-02-0116 |title=To Benjamin Franklin from James Parker, 1 July 1766 |last=Parker |first=James |date=July 1, 1766 |website=Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
- {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-13-02-0173 |title=To Benjamin Franklin from James Parker, 25 October 1766 |last=Parker |first=James |date=October 25, 1766 |website=Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
- {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-13-02-0184 |title=To Benjamin Franklin from James Parker, 11 November 1766 |last=Parker |first=James |date=November 11, 1766 |website=Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
- {{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-15-02-0010 |title=To Benjamin Franklin from James Parker, 21 January 1768 |last=Parker |first=James |date=January 21, 1768 |website=Founders Online |publisher=U.S. National Archives and Records Administration}}
Bibliography
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- {{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/familyreligionre00park/ |title=Family-Religion Revived, or, An Attempt to Promote Religion and Virtue in Families: In Two Parts |last=Parker |first=James |year=1755 |website=Internet Archive |location=New Haven, Connecticut |publisher=Parker, James, 1714–1770, Printer |oclc=54972886}}
- {{cite web |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101037492392 |title=Conductor Generalis, or, The Office, Duty and Authority of Justices of the Peace, High-Sheriffs, Under-Sheriffs, Coroners, Constables, Gaolers, Jury-Men, and Overseers of the Poor: as also, the Office of Clerks of Assize, and of the Peace |last=Parker |first=James |year=1764 |website=HathiTrust Digital Library |location=Woodbridge, New Jersey |publisher=Parker, James, 1714–1770 |oclc=8329646}}
- {{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/rbpe.34604500/ |title=No stamped paper to be had |year=1765 |trans-title=November 7, 1765, Issue No. 1924, of The Pennsylvania Gazette, printed at Philadelphia |publisher=David Hall & Benjamin Franklin |lccn=98160405}}
- {{cite web |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mou.010016450751&seq=423 |title=James Parker and Company |last=Thomas |first=Isaiah |year=1810 |trans-title=The History of Printing in America: with a Biography of Printers, and an Account of Newspapers |website=HathiTrust Digital Library |location=Worcester, Massachusetts |publisher=Isaiah Thomas Press |pages=410–411 |oclc=1917653}}
- {{cite web |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=loc.ark:/13960/t88g9945n |title=A Chronology of Paper and Paper-making |last=Munsell |first=Joel |year=1870 |website=HathiTrust Digital Library |location=Albany, New York |publisher=J. Munsell |lccn=10000968 |oclc=1158638}}
- {{cite web |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044080593585 |title=Chronology of the Origin and Progress of Paper and Paper-making |last=Munsell |first=Joel |year=1876 |website=HathiTrust Digital Library |location=Albany, New York |publisher=J. Munsell |lccn=09018808 |oclc=2637748}}
- {{cite journal |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044098880404&seq=220 |title=James Parker, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty for the Province Nova-Caesaria, or New Jersey |last=Parker |first=Samuel Eugene |date=July 1899 |journal=New York Genealogical and Biographical Record |volume=30 |issue=3 |location=New York City, New York |publisher=New York Genealogical and Biographical Society |pages=176–177 |oclc=563781666 |via=HathiTrust Digital Library}}
- {{cite web|url=https://hsp.org/sites/default/files/legacy_files/migrated/findingaidam0683cresson.pdf|title=Parker, James, 1714-1770|trans-title=Sarah Cresson Transcriptions of James Parker Letters and Documents circa 1916|website=HSP.org|publisher=The Historical Society of Pennsylvania|date=2010-04-08|access-date=2025-01-19}}
- {{cite web |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=loc.ark:/13960/t2v41d451 |title=A History of Paper-Manufacturing in the United States, 1690-1916 |last=Weeks |first=Lyman Horace |year=1916 |website=HathiTrust Digital Library |location=New York, New York |publisher=The Lockwood Trade Journal Company |lccn=17012277 |oclc=566946}}
- {{cite journal |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015035343709&seq=222 |title=James Parker, The Printer, of Woodbridge |last=Benedict |first=William H. |year=1923 |journal=Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society: A Magazine of History, Biography and Notes on Families |volume=8 |location=Edison, New Jersey |publisher=New Jersey Historical Society |pages=194–199 |oclc=558480381 |via=HathiTrust Digital Library}}
- {{cite web |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=inu.30000011786112 |title=Papermaking through Eighteen Centuries |last=Hunter |first=Dard |year=1930 |website=HathiTrust Digital Library |location=New York, New York |publisher=House of William Edwin Rudge |lccn=30014991 |oclc=1466921}}
- {{cite book |title=Road to Revolution: Benjamin Franklin in England 1765-1775 |last=Currey |first=Cecil B |year=1968 |location=Garden City, New York |publisher=Anchor Books |isbn=978-0844619316 |oclc=424715 |url={{google books|1aknAQAAMAAJ|plainurl=y}}}}
- {{cite book |title=A Biography of James Parker, Colonial Printer |last=Dyer |first=Alan |year=1982 |location=Troy, New York |publisher=Whitston Publishing Company |isbn=978-0878752027 |oclc=8374399 |url={{google books|7f-6AAAAIAAJ|plainurl=y}}}}
- {{cite journal |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20092470 |title=From Apprentice to Journeyman to Partner: Benjamin Franklin's Workers and the Growth of the Early American Printing Trade |last=Frasca |first=Ralph |date=April 1990 |journal=The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography |volume=114 |issue=2 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |jstor=20092470 |pages=229-248}}
- {{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/american-revolution-1763-1783/british-reforms-1763-1766/ |title=British Reforms and Colonial Resistance, 1763-1766 |website= U.S. History Timeline ~ The American Revolution, 1763 - 1783 |publisher=United States Library of Congress}}
- {{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/american-revolution-1763-1783/british-reforms-1767-1772/ |title=British Reforms and Colonial Resistance, 1767-1772 |website= U.S. History Timeline ~ The American Revolution, 1763 - 1783 |publisher=United States Library of Congress}}
- {{cite web |url=https://lccn.loc.gov/n82083599 |title=Parker, James, 1714-1770 |website=Library of Congress Authorities |publisher=United States Library of Congress |lccn=n82083599}}
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External links
- {{Commons category-inline|James Parker (publisher)|James Parker, Colonial America Printer Publisher}}
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Category:18th-century American journalists
Category:People from colonial Connecticut
Category:People from colonial New Jersey
Category:People from colonial New York