:Japanese aircraft carrier Amagi

The last purpose-built Japanese carrier construction during World War II was a group of vessels based on an improved {{ship|Japanese aircraft carrier|Hiryū||2}} design, but with individual units differing in detail reflecting the changing circumstances as the conflict in the Pacific approached its conclusion. Amagi was ordered, under the provisional name of #5001, as part of the Kai-Maru 5 Program of 1942. This was a massive naval construction program intended to replace losses suffered at the Battle of Midway and focused on aircraft and aircraft carriers. The ship was one of 16 Unryū-class aircraft carriers planned, although only three were completed before the end of the war.{{#tag:ref|Two of these ships were canceled to release a slipway and material to convert {{ship|Japanese aircraft carrier|Shinano||2}} into an aircraft carrier.Lengerer 2010b, p. 106|group=Note}}

Amagi had a length of {{convert|227.35|m|ftin|sp=us}} overall. She had a beam of {{convert|22|m|ftin|sp=us}} and a draft of {{convert|8.73|m|ftin|sp=us}}. She displaced {{convert|20450|t|LT|sp=us}}. Her crew consisted of 1,595 officers and men.Jentschura, Jung & Mickel, p. 56

The Unryū-class carriers used the same turbines and boilers as used in the heavy cruiser {{ship|Japanese cruiser|Suzuya|1934|2}}. These consisted of four geared steam turbine sets with a total of {{convert|152000|shp|kW|lk=in}} driving four shafts using steam provided by eight Kampon Type B water-tube boilers. The ship had a designed speed of {{convert|34|kn|lk=in}}. Amagi carried {{convert|3670|t|LT|sp=us}} of fuel oil which gave her a range of {{convert|8000|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|18|kn}}. She had two funnels on the starboard side, each angled below the horizontal. They were fitted with a water-cooling system to reduce the turbulence caused by hot exhaust gases.Lengerer 2010b, pp. 115, 117

Amagi{{'}}s flight deck was {{convert|216.9|m|ftin|sp=us}} long and had a maximum width of {{convert|27|m|ftin|sp=us}}. A small island was mounted well forward on the starboard side and contained the ship's bridge and air operations control center. It was fitted with a small tripod mast that mounted one of the ship's radar antennas. The ship was designed with two superimposed hangars that were served by two aircraft elevators, each {{convert|14|by|14|m|ft|sp=us}}; the center elevator as used in Hiryū was deleted to simplify construction and reduce stress in the hull. The elevators had a maximum capacity of {{convert|7000|kg|sp=us}} and took 19 seconds to go from the lower hangar to the flight deck. Amagi was fitted with hydraulically operated Type 3 arresting gear with nine cables. She also mounted three Type 3 crash barricades. No aircraft catapult was fitted. The ship mounted a retractable crane on the starboard side of the flight deck, just aft of the rear elevator.Lengerer 2010b, pp. 110–112, 118 Amagi carried {{convert|397340|L|impgal USgal|sp=us}} of aviation gasoline for her aircraft.Lengerer 2010a, p. 154

The ship's air group was originally intended to consist of 12 Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighters, plus three in storage, 27 Aichi D3A Val dive bombers, plus three in reserve, and 18 Nakajima B5N "Kate" torpedo bombers plus two in crates. Amagi{{'}}s hangars could not accommodate so many aircraft so eleven planes were planned to be permanently carried on the flight deck. In 1943 the air group was revised to consist of 18 Mitsubishi A7M "Sam" fighters (+2 in storage), 27 Yokosuka D4Y "Judy" dive bombers and six Nakajima C6N "Myrt" reconnaissance aircraft. Of these, the C6Ns were intended to be carried on the flight deck. When the ship commissioned in 1944, neither the A7M nor the C6Ns were yet in service, so the air group was reconfigured to consist of 27 Zeros, 12 D4Ys, three of which were to be the reconnaissance version, and nine Nakajima B6N "Jill" torpedo bombers. By this time, however, the shortage of carrier-qualified aircrew was such that they were ordered to operate from shore bases and Amagi never embarked her air group.Lengerer 2010b, pp. 117–118

Amagi{{'}}s waterline armored belt was {{convert|1.8|in|disp=flip|sp=us}} thick over her machinery spaces and {{convert|5.5|in|disp=flip|sp=us}} over her magazines. Her deck armor above the machinery was {{convert|25|mm|in|sp=us}} thick, but the armor above the magazines was {{convert|2.2|in|disp=flip|sp=us}} thick.Sturton, p. 184

The ship's primary armament consisted of a dozen 40-caliber 12.7 cm Type 89 anti-aircraft (AA) guns in twin mounts on sponsons on the ship's sides.Lengerer 2010b, p. 118 Amagi was initially equipped with 16 triple 25 mm Type 96 and three single AA gun mounts, most on sponsons along the sides of the hull. By the end of the war, the ship mounted 22 triple and 23 single mounts.Stille, p. 37 These guns were supplemented by six {{convert|12|cm|1|abbr=on}} 28-round AA rocket launchers. For defense against submarines, the carrier was fitted with six depth charge throwers and carried between six and ten depth charges for them.Lengerer 2010b, p. 119

Two Type 94 high-angle fire-control directors, one on each side of the ship, were fitted to control the Type 89 guns. Each director mounted a {{convert|4.5|m|ftin|adj=on|sp=us}} rangefinder. Six Type 95 directors controlled the 25 mm guns and the rocket launchers. Early warning was provided by two Type 2, Mark 2, Model 1 air search radars. One of these was mounted on the top of the island while the other retracted into the port side of the flight deck, between the two elevators. In addition, Amagi had two smaller Type 3, Mark 1, Model 3 air search radars, one mounted on the tripod mast on the island and the other on the aft starboard retractable radio mast.Lengerer 2010b, pp. 119–120

Image:IJN carrier Amagi capsized off Kure in 1946.jpg

Amagi{{'}}s keel was laid down by Mitsubishi in Nagasaki, on 1 October 1942. She was launched on 15 October 1943 and completed on 10 August 1944. The ship was transferred among a number of ports on the Inland Sea until she arrived in Kure in February 1945 and was ordered to be camouflaged. Her intended air group, Air Group 601, was committed to the Battle of Iwo Jima about that same time. Amagi was briefly refitted from 10 to 24 February. On 19 March, the ship was attacked by aircraft from Task Force 58 and lightly damaged by one bomb that struck the edge of the flight deck. On 13 April, the ship was permanently moored at an island in Kure harbor and extensively camouflaged.

This did not prevent the aircraft from Task Force 38 from locating and attacking the ship on 24 July. She was hit twice and experienced several near-misses. A {{convert|500|lb|adj=on}} bomb detonated near the rear funnel, severely damaging it, but doing little other damage aside from blowing a small hole in the starboard hull. A {{convert|2000|lb|adj=on}} bomb penetrated the flight deck and detonated in the upper hangar, between the elevators. The explosion blew a {{convert|50|m|adj=on|sp=us}} section of a hangar wall overboard and the walls of the upper hangar deck were bulged and perforated multiple times. The flight deck between the elevators was bulged up and buckled for a length of {{convert|200|ft|1}} and the forward elevator was dropped to the bottom of its shaft. It also blew a {{convert|25|ft|adj=on}} hole in the upper hangar deck. Fragments from the explosion penetrated into the bowels of the ship, penetrating bulkheads and decks below. Fragments from near-misses penetrated the sides of the port hull and caused the forward bomb magazine, two boiler rooms, and the aft port engine room to flood.Tully

The captain ordered the ship abandoned later in the day, and the carrier was still afloat in the evening, albeit with a slight list to port and down by the bow. Over the next couple of days, more compartments in the ship flooded and she settled on the bottom of the harbor. Another attack on 28 July hit her several more times and the resulting damage from those hits and more near-misses to port caused the ship to list further to port. This gradually increased through the next day until Amagi capsized at 10:00 on the morning of 29 July with part of her flight deck falling overboard. The losses among the ship's crew are unknown, but were supposedly light.

The ship was stricken from the Navy List on 30 November and salvage work began on 5 December. The holes in the ship's hull had to be sealed to pump the water out and decrease her draft. The remains of her flight deck and upper hangar could not be made watertight and were removed using dynamite. Pontoons were used to right the ship and she was refloated on 31 July 1946. The salvage job was conducted by the Hitachi Zosen facility in Kure and they scrapped the ship afterward. The job was completed by 12 December 1947.

{{reflist|group=Note}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{cite book| last1 = Jentschura| first1 = Hansgeorg| first2 = Dieter |last2=Jung|first3=Peter |last3=Mickel| year = 1977| title = Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869–1945| publisher = United States Naval Institute| location = Annapolis, Maryland| isbn = 0-87021-893-X|name-list-style=amp}}
• {{cite book|last=Lengerer|first=Hans|title=Illustrated Record of the Transition of the Superstructures of BB Kongô Class: Introduction to CV Unryû Class|year=2010a|publisher=Model Hobby|location=Katowice, Poland |isbn=978-83-60041-42-0}}
• {{cite book|last=Lengerer|first=Hans|editor=Jordan, John|title=Warship 2010|year=2010b|publisher=Conway |location=London|isbn=978-1-84486-110-1|chapter=Katsuragi and the Failure of Mass Production of Medium Sized Aircraft Carriers|pages=103–121}}
• {{cite book|last=Silverstone|first=Paul H.|title=Directory of the World's Capital Ships|year=1984 |publisher=Hippocrene Books|location=New York|isbn=0-88254-979-0}}
• {{cite book| last = Stille| first = Mark| series =New Vanguard|volume=109| year = 2005| title = Imperial Japanese Navy Aircraft Carriers 1921–1945| publisher = Osprey Publishing | location = Oxford, UK | isbn = 1-84176-853-7}}
• {{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946|editor1-last=Chesneau|editor1-first=Roger |publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=Greenwich, UK|year=1980|isbn=0-85177-146-7|chapter=Japan|author-first=Ian |author-last=Sturton}}
• {{cite web

| last = Tully

| first = Anthony P.

| year = 2004

| url = http://www.combinedfleet.com/amagi.htm

| title = IJN Amagi: Tabular Record of Movement

| work = Kido Butai

| publisher = Combinedfleet.com

| access-date =23 October 2011

}}

• {{cite book|title=Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy: Shokaku Class, Soryu, Hiryu, Unryu Class, Taiho |series=Kojinsha |volume=6|url=http://www.combinedfleet.com/kojinshavolume6.pdf}}

• {{cite book |last = Ugaki

|first = Matome

|author-link = Matome Ugaki

|others = Masataka, Chihaya (translator), Prange, Gordon W. (foreword)

|editor1-last = Goldstein

|editor1-first = Donald M.

|editor2-last = Dillon

|editor2-first = Katherine V

|year = 1991

|title = Fading Victory: The Diary of Admiral Matome Ugaki, 1941–1945

|publisher = University of Pittsburgh Press

|location = Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

|isbn = 0-8229-3665-8

|url-access = registration

|url = https://archive.org/details/fadingvictorydia00ugak

}}

{{Unryū class aircraft carrier}}

{{July 1945 shipwrecks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Amagi}}

Category:Unryū-class aircraft carriers

Category:Ships built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries

Category:1943 ships

Category:Aircraft carriers of the Imperial Japanese Navy

Category:World War II aircraft carriers of Japan

Category:Aircraft carriers sunk by aircraft

Category:Ships sunk by US aircraft

Category:Shipwrecks in the Inland Sea

Category:World War II shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean

Category:Maritime incidents in July 1945

Category:Bombing of Kure