:Jean Giraudoux

{{Short description|French novelist, essayist, diplomat and playwright (1882–1944)}}

{{Infobox writer

| name = Jean Giraudoux

| image = Jean Giraudoux 1927.jpg

| imagesize =

| caption = Giraudoux in 1927

| birth_name =

| birth_date = {{birth date|1882|10|29|df=y}}

| birth_place = Bellac, Haute-Vienne, France

| death_date = {{death date and age|1944|01|31|1882|10|29|df=y}}

| death_place = Paris, France

| occupation = Dramatist

| period =

| genre =

| subject =

| movement =

| notableworks = The Madwoman of Chaillot,
Ondine,
Duel of Angels,
The Trojan War Will Not Take Place

| spouse = Suzanne Boland

| children = 1 son

| awards =

| signature =

}}

Hippolyte Jean Giraudoux ({{IPAc-en|ʒ|ɪ|r|oʊ|ˈ|d|uː}};{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Giraudoux}} {{IPA|fr|ipɔlit ʒɑ̃ ʒiʁodu|lang}}; 29 October 1882 – 31 January 1944) was a French novelist, essayist, diplomat and playwright. He is considered among the most important French dramatists of the period between World War I and World War II.Brockett, Oscar. History of the Theatre Boston: Allyn and Bacon. 1968. p. 621.

His work is noted for its stylistic elegance and poetic fantasy. Giraudoux's dominant theme is the relationship between man and woman—or in some cases, between man and some unattainable ideal.

Biography

Giraudoux was born in Bellac, Haute-Vienne, where his father, Léger Giraudoux, worked for the Ministry of Transport. Giraudoux studied at the Lycée Lakanal in Sceaux and upon graduation traveled extensively in Europe. After his return to France in 1910, he accepted a position with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. With the outbreak of World War I, he served with distinction and in 1915 became the first writer ever to be awarded the wartime Legion of Honour.Fowlie, Wallace. Jean Giraudoux in Gassner, John and Edward Quinn ed. The Reader's Encyclopedia of World Drama. New York, Thomas Crowell. 1969. p. 359.

He married in 1918 and in the subsequent inter-war period produced the majority of his writing. He first achieved literary success through his novels, notably Siegfried et le Limousin (1922) and Eglantine (1927). An ongoing collaboration with actor and theater director Louis Jouvet, beginning in 1928 with Jouvet's radical streamlining of Siegfried for the stage, stimulated his writing.{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/234192/Jean-Giraudoux |title=Encyclopædia Britannica Online: "Jean Giraudoux" |encyclopedia=Britannica.com |date=2013-11-06 |access-date=2014-06-03}} But it is his plays that gained him international renown. He became well known in the English speaking world largely because of the award-winning adaptations of his plays by Christopher Fry (Tiger at the Gates) and Maurice Valency (The Madwoman of Chaillot, Ondine, The Enchanted, The Apollo of Bellac).

Giraudoux served as a juror with Florence Meyer Blumenthal in awarding the Prix Blumenthal, a grant given between 1919 and 1954 to painters, sculptors, decorators, engravers, writers, and musicians.{{cite web

| title = Florence Meyer Blumenthal

| publisher = Jewish Women's Archive, Michele Siegel

| url = http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/blumenthal-florence-meyer}} In politics he was affiliated with the Radical Party, served in the cabinet of Édouard Herriot in 1932, and was appointed as Minister of Information by Édouard Daladier in 1939.{{cite book |last1=Body |first1=Jacques |title=Jean Giraudoux: The Legend and the Secret |date=1991 |publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press |page=56}}{{cite journal |last1=Ganz |first1=Arthur |title=Human and Suprahuman: Ambiguity in the Tragic World of Jean Giraudoux |journal=PMLA |date=1972 |volume=87 |issue=2 |pages=284–294|doi=10.2307/460883 |jstor=460883 |s2cid=171034086 }}

He is buried in the Cimetière de Passy in Paris.[https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0D1EFF3F5A157B93C3A91789D85F408485F9&scp=10&sq=giraudoux+obituary&st=p New York Times; February 1, 1944] Jean Giraudoux obituary.

Works

=Theatrical productions=

Siegfried (1928, premiere at the Comédie des Champs-Élysées)
Amphitryon 38 (1929 premiere, Comédie des Champs-Élysées)
Judith (1931, Théâtre Pigalle)
The Enchanted (1933, Comédie des Champs-Élysées)
Tessa (1934, Théâtre de l'Athénée)
Supplément au voyage de Cook (1935, Théâtre de l'Athénée)
The Trojan War Will Not Take Place (1935, Théâtre de l'Athénée)
Electra (1937, Théâtre de l'Athénée)
L'Impromptu de Paris (1937, Théâtre de l'Athénée)
Song of Songs (1938, Comédie-Française)
Ondine (1939, Théâtre de l'Athénée)
The Apollo of Bellac (1942, Teatro Municipal (Rio de Janeiro))
Sodom and Gomorrah (1943, Théâtre Hébertot)
The Madwoman of Chaillot (1945, Théâtre de l'Athénée)
Duel of Angels (Pour Lucrèce) (1953, Théâtre Marigny)
Les Gracques (unfinished; published 1958)

=Films=

The Duchess of Langeais (1942), adaptation and dialogue[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0179161/ The Duchess of Langeais] at the Internet Movie Database
Angels of the Streets (1943), screenplay[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0035636/ Les anges du péché] at the Internet Movie Database

=Publications=

Provinciales (1909)
L'École des indifférents (1911)
Lectures pour une ombre (1917)
Simon le Pathétique (1918)
L'Adieu à la guerre (1919) Grasset{{cite web|author=GIRAUDOUX Jean |url=https://www.amazon.com/GIRAUDOUX-Jean-Adieu-%C3%A0-guerre/dp/B00FZVZ3IS |title=GIRAUDOUX Jean & – Adieu à la guerre.: GIRAUDOUX Jean & |website=Amazon |date=1919-01-01 |access-date=2014-06-03}}
Elpénor (1919)
Amica America (1919)
Adorable Clio (1920)
Suzanne et le Pacifique (1921)
Siegfried et le Limousin (1922)
Juliette au pays des hommes (1924)
Bella (1926)
Églantine (1927)
Aventures de Jérôme Bardini (1930)
La France sentimentale (1932)
Combat avec l'ange (1934)
Choix des élues (1939)
Pleins pouvoirs (1939)
Armistice à Bordeaux (1945)
Sans pouvoirs (1946)
La Menteuse (1958)

=English-language collections=

Giraudoux, Jean (1958), Four Plays, Adapted by Maurice Valency. New York: Hill and Wang, Inc. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/807008 OCLC 807008] [Volume 1: Ondine, Enchanted, Madwoman of Challot, Apollo of Bellac]
Giraudoux, Jean (1964), Three Plays, vol. 2, Translated by Phyllis La Farge and Peter H. Judd. New York: Hill and Wang. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/751419 OCLC 751419] [Volume 2: Siegfried, Amphitryon 38, Electra]
Giraudoux, Jean (1963), Three Plays, Translated by Christopher Fry. New York: Oxford University Press. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21419365 OCLC 21419365] [Volume I: Tiger at the Gates; Duel of Angels; Judith]
Giraudoux, Jean (1967), Plays, vol. 2, Translated by Roger Gellert. London: Oxford University Press. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/656767230 OCLC 656767230] [Amphitryon; Intermezzo; Ondine]