:Joro toxin
{{Chembox
| ImageFile = Joro spider toxin.svg
| ImageSize = 250px
| IUPACName = (2S)-N1-{5-[3-({4-[(3-Aminopropyl)amino]butyl}amino)propanamido]pentyl}-N2-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetyl]-L-glutaminamide
| SystematicName = (2S)-N1-{5-[3-({4-[(3-Aminopropyl)amino]butyl}amino)propanamido]pentyl}-2-[2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetamido]butanediamide
| OtherNames = Joro Spider toxin
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| IUPHAR_ligand = 4229
| CASNo = 112163-33-4
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|}}
| ChemSpiderID = 106778
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = C13931
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 119582
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C27H47N7O6/c28-10-6-13-30-11-4-5-12-31-16-9-25(38)32-14-2-1-3-15-33-27(40)22(19-24(29)37)34-26(39)17-20-7-8-21(35)18-23(20)36/h7-8,18,22,30-31,35-36H,1-6,9-17,19,28H2,(H2,29,37)(H,32,38)(H,33,40)(H,34,39)/t22-/m0/s1
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = SJLRBGDPTALRDM-QFIPXVFZSA-N
| PubChem = 119582
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 34802
| MeSHName =
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII =
| SMILES = O=C(NCCCCCNC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)Cc1ccc(O)cc1O)CC(=O)N)CCNCCCCNCCCN
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C=27 | H=47 | N=7 | O=6
| Appearance = White-grey powder
| Density = 1.196 g/cm3
| MeltingPt =
| BoilingPtC = 979.883
| BoilingPt_notes =
| Solubility =
| pKa = 9.53
| pKb = 10.573
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards =
| FlashPtC = 546.414
| AutoignitionPtC =
}}
}}
{{Nofootnotes|article|date=November 2012}}
Joro spider toxin (joro toxin, JSTX) – a toxin which was originally extracted from the venom of the joro spider (Trichonephila clavata), originally native to Japan.
Biochemical analysis
Joro toxin has demonstrated the ability to selectively block
- postsynaptic glutamate potentials and
- AMPA glutamate receptors.
It inhibits
- NMDA receptors in the CNS of vertebrates.
Joro toxin does not affect
- aspartate-induced neural depolarization,
- resting membrane potential,
- nerve terminal spontaneous signalling, or
- inhibitory postsynaptic potentials.
Sources
- {{cite journal
|first1=Jaewan |last1=Jackson
|first2=P.N.R. |last2=Lee
|year=1988
|title=Spider toxins as tools for dissecting elements of excitatory amino acid transmission
|journal=Trends in Neurosciences
|volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=278–283
|pmid=2465627
|doi=10.1016/0166-2236(88)90112-9
|s2cid=42853484
}}
- {{cite journal
|first1=Mitsuyoshi |last1=Saito |first2=Yoshinori |last2=Sahara
|first3=Akiko |last3=Miwa |first4=Kuniko |last4=Shimazaki
|first5=Terumi |last5=Nakajima |first6=Nobufumi |last6=Kawai
|year=1989
|title=Effects of a spider toxin (JSTX) on hippocampal CA1 neurons in vitro
|journal=Brain Research
|volume=481 |pages=16–24 |issue=1
|pmid=2565131
|doi=10.1016/0006-8993(89)90480-0
|s2cid=24856322 }}
- {{cite journal
|first1=Yoshinori |last1=Sahara |first2=Hugh P.C. |last2=Robinson
|first3=Akiko |last3=Miwa |first4=Nobufumi |last4=Kawai
|year=1991
|title=A voltage-clamp study of the effects of Joro spider toxin and zinc on excitatory synaptic transmission in CA1 pyramidal cells of the guinea pig hippocampal slice
|journal=Neuroscience Research
|volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=200–210
|pmid=1677747
|doi=10.1016/0168-0102(91)90057-6
|s2cid=38895357 }}
References
{{reflist|22em|refs=
{{cite journal
|first1=Nobufumi |last1=Kawai
|first2=Akiko |last2=Niwa
|first3=Takashi |last3=Abe
|year=1982
|title=Spider venom contains specific receptor blocker of glutaminergic synapses
|journal=Brain Research
|volume=247 |pages=169–171 |pmid=6127145 |issue=1
|doi=10.1016/0006-8993(82)91044-7
|s2cid=38772662
}}
{{cite journal
|first1=Koichi |last1=Shudo |first2=Yasuyuki |last2=Endo
|first3=Yuichi |last3=Hashimoto |first4=Yoshio |last4=Aramaki
|first5=Terumi |last5=Nakajima |first6=Nobufumi |last6=Kawai
|year=1987
|title=Newly synthesized analogues of the spider toxin block the crustacean glutamate receptor
|journal=Neuroscience Research
|volume=5 |pages=82–85 |issue=1
|pmid=2829068
|doi=10.1016/0168-0102(87)90026-5
|s2cid=41151994 }}
{{cite journal
|last=Kawai |first=Nobufumi
|year=1991
|title=Spider toxin and pertussis toxin differentiate post- and presynaptic glutamate receptors
|journal=Neuroscience Research
|volume=12 |pages=3–12 |issue=1
|pmid=1660989
|doi=10.1016/0168-0102(91)90095-G
|s2cid=23524210
}}
{{cite journal
|first1=Alan L. |last1=Mueller |first2=Benedict C. |last2=Albensi
|first3=Alan H. |last3=Ganong |first4=Linda S. |last4=Reynolds
|first5=Hunter |last5=Jackson
|year=1991
|title=Arylamine spider toxins antagonize NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal slices
|journal=Synapse
|volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=244–250
|pmid=1662833
|doi=10.1002/syn.890090403
|s2cid=2546161 }}
}}