:Kōnosuke Matsushita

File:Kōnosuke Matsushita and Mrs. Godai.jpg

Kōnosuke Matsushita was born on 27 November 1894 in Wasamura, now part of Wakayama Prefecture. His father was an affluent landlord in the farming village of Wasa (part of present-day Wakayama city) and was one of the wealthiest men of his community.

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Shortly after Matsushita left school, he was sent away to Osaka to become an apprentice for a Japanese barbecue restaurant. However, the business failed within a year, and Matsushita was left looking for other employment. He then applied for a job with the Osaka Electric Light Company, an electrical utility company, where he received several promotions over the next few years. During this period, he married Mumeno Iue, a friend of his sister.

At the age of 22, he was promoted to the position of electrical inspector. It was during this time that Matsushita attempted to introduce his boss to the invention of a new and improved light socket that he had perfected in his spare time. His boss, however, was not enthusiastic.

File:Members of Matsushita Electric Housewares Manufacturing Works.jpg, Mumeno Matsushita ({{circa|1918}})]]{{Tone|date=November 2024|section}}

In 1917, Matsushita left Osaka Electric Light Company to establish his own company. Lacking capital, formal education, and experience in manufacturing, his company faced significant challenges. He set up his shop in the basement of his tenement where with his wife, his brother-in-law, and several assistants, he began producing product samples. However, he attempted to sell the samples to wholesalers but was unsuccessful because he did not offer more than one product.

As a result, most of Matsushita's assistants left the company, leaving only his wife and Iue, who played a key role as a salesman and manager. The company faced financial difficulties and was on the verge of bankruptcy until it received an unexpected order for a thousand insulator plates for electric fans.{{cite web|url=http://www.panasonic.net/history/founder/chapter1/story1-04.html|title=Panasonic History: Setting up his own company)|access-date=17 August 2009|year=2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601161123/http://www.panasonic.net/history/founder/chapter1/story1-04.html|archive-date=1 June 2009}} From there, Matsushita was able to continue producing his light sockets. They became popular as wholesalers realized the product was better in quality and less expensive than comparable products in the market. The early years of the company were difficult: he once had to pawn his wife's kimono when he found himself short on money. Matsushita's products were originally marketed under the name brand of "National" and later moved on to the more recognizable names of Panasonic, Quasar and Technics.{{Cite web |title=Matsushita Konosuke {{!}} Japanese entrepreneur, businessman, inventor {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Matsushita-Konosuke |access-date=2025-04-02 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}

One of Matsushita's best products was the development of a more efficient battery-powered bicycle lamp. During the 1920s, bicycle lamps were candles or oil-burning lamps which were highly inefficient as they usually only lasted for three hours. Matsushita introduced an created an oval lamp that used a battery for power and a lightbulb for illumination. To promote the product, he personally marketed it to retail bicycle shops.

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While attempting to introduce his bicycle lamp to wholesalers, Matsushita recognized the importance of sales in business growth. He realized that having a superior product was insufficient if there were no effective distribution channels. As a result, Matsushita began devising ways to create sales channels for his products by concentrating less on manufacturing and more on building a sales force, which led to the establishment of a retail store network and finally strengthened the company's position in Japan's electrical manufacturing and retail industry.

In 1929, he began setting up a new structure for his company, which was structured as a parent company and branches of divisions that specialized in a particular product were created. At this time, the company focused on three key products: bicycle lamps and batteries, electrical sockets, and radios. For each of these products, a national sales department was formed with regional offices established in strategic locations. These regional offices were responsible for the coordination of sales and manufacturing, ensuring that production was aligned with market demand. As a result, manufacturing became directly dependent on sales.

During the US occupation of Japan after World War II, General Douglas MacArthur decided to break up the zaibatsu business conglomerates of Japan. Matsushita was in danger of being removed as president but was saved by a favorable petition signed by 15,000 employees. In 1947, Kōnosuke lent his brother-in-law Toshio to an underused manufacturing plant to manufacture bicycle lamps, a business that eventually became Sanyo Electric.

From 1950 to 1973, Matsushita's company became one of the world's largest manufacturers of electrical goods, sold under well-known trademarks including Panasonic and Technics. Matsushita stepped down as President of Panasonic in 1961 and was succeeded as president by his son-in-law, Masaharu Matsushita.{{cite news|first=Yuri|last=Kageyama|title= Former Panasonic president Matsushita dies|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5huRLWgb5Sv5xplij62tqHZzFAg9Q?docId=e65fad42e800452b90a55c8c7ab75a74|agency=Associated Press|date=17 July 2012|access-date=18 July 2012}}{{dead link|date=June 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} Konosuke Matsushita's two grandsons are Masayuki Matsushita, who is the current vice-chairman of Panasonic, and Hiro Matsushita, who is a former driver in the Champ Car series and owns Swift Engineering, an aerospace firm and race car constructing company which he bought in 1991. Hiro Matsushita is also the chairman of {{ill|Swift Xi|ja|スウィフト・エックスアイ}}, which is located in Kobe, Japan.

Konosuke Matsushita remained active in Panasonic's operations until his complete retirement in 1973. Since 1954, Matsushita also gained a significant shareholding in manufacturer JVC by forming an alliance. It still retains a 50% share today. In retirement, Matsushita focused on developing and explaining his social and commercial philosophies and wrote 44 published books. One of his books, entitled "Developing A Road To Peace And Happiness Through Prosperity", sold over four million copies. In 1979, at the age of 84, he founded the {{ill|Matsushita School of Government and Management|ja|松下政経塾}} to train the future politicians and businessmen of Japan.

In 1987, he was awarded the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Paulownia Flowers.[http://matsushita-library.jp/en/history/index.html Matsushita Memorial Library].

Chronic lung problems led to his death from pneumonia on 27 April 1989, at the age of 94. He died with personal assets worth US$3 billion, and left a company with US$42 billion in revenue business.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}

File:Los Angeles Mayor Sam Yorty Presenting Matsushita Day Certificate to Mr. and Mrs. Kōnosuke Matsushita at Los Angeles City Hall.jpg presenting a certificate proclaiming 15 July as Matsushita Day to Kōnosuke and Mumeno at Los Angeles City Hall. Kōnosuke is holding a nine-inch Panasonic television, a gift to Los Angeles. (1963)]]

• {{flag|Japan}}:
• 70px Grand Cordon of the Order of the Paulownia Flowers (29 April 1987)
• 70px Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (29 April 1981)
• 70px Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure
• 70px Recipient of the Medal with Blue Ribbon
• 70px Recipient of the Medal with Dark Blue Ribbon
• Senior Third Rank (27 April 1989; posthumous)

• {{flag|Belgium}}:
• 70px Commander of the Order of the Crown (1972)
• {{flag|Malaysia}}:
• 70px Honorary Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (P.M.N.) (1979){{cite web

|url=http://www.istiadat.gov.my/index.php/component/semakanlantikanskp/|title=Semakan Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat}}

• {{flag|China}}:
• Recipient of the China Reform Friendship Medal (18 December 2018; posthumous){{Cite web |last1=An |first1=Baijie |last2=Cao |first2=Desheng |date=19 December 2018 |title=10 foreigners given medals for roles in reform, opening-up |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201812/19/WS5c194335a3107d4c3a001816.html |website=China Daily}}

Konosuke Matsushita was honoured at Stanford University by endowing a Professorship in International Strategy and Management. The official name of the course is The Konosuke Matsushita Professorship in International Strategy and Management{{cite web |url=https://professorships.stanford.edu/content/Graduate%20School%20of%20Business?page=2/ |title=Stanford Endowed Professorships and Directorships |work=Standford |access-date=1 December 2020 |archive-date=25 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825031536/https://professorships.stanford.edu/content/Graduate%20School%20of%20Business?page=2/ |url-status=dead }}{{cite book|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-51545-4_2 |title= Humanistic Management in Practice|journal=Springer Nature|series= Humanism in Business Series|date= 2021|doi= 10.1007/978-3-030-51545-4_2|last1= Kuriyama|first1= Naoki|chapter= Konosuke Matsushita's Humanistic Management|pages= 11–30|isbn= 978-3-030-51544-7}}

• Michi wo hiraku (1968) Open the path and often translated as The Path
• Japan at the Brink (1976)
• Thoughts on Man (1982)
• Not for Bread Alone: A Business Ethos, A Management Ethic (1984)
• Quest for Prosperity (1988)
• As I See It (1989)
• Velvet Glove, Iron Fist: And 101 Other Dimensions of Leadership (1991)
• People before Products: The Human Factor in Business (1992)
• The Matsushita Perspective: A Business Philosophy Handbook (1997)
• The Heart of Management: Konosuke Matsushita's Enduring Insights (2002)
• My Way of Life and Thinking (2011) (Originally published in 1954)
• Practical Management Philosophy (2011) (Originally published in 1978)
• Nurturing Dreams – My Path in Life – An Autobiography by the Founder of Panasonic (2014) (Originally published in 1998)

• Life, Sep-1964, DETAILS: Meet Mr. Matsushita
• Time, 23 February 1962, DETAILS: Industrialist Matsushita {{Cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/magazine/0,9263,7601620223,00.html|title= Industrialist Matsushita|publisher=Times}}

• Matsushita Leadership by John Paul Kotter, Simon & Schuster (1998)
• Matsushita Konosuke (1894–1989) His Life & His Legacy: A Collection of Essays in Honor of the Centenary of His Birth by Kōnosuke Matsushita, PHP Research Institute (1994)
• The Matsushita Perspective, A Business Philosophy Handbook, Published by PHP Institute, Inc. (1st ed., 1997).
• Jinsei mondō, dialogue with Daisaku Ikeda published in Chinese (traditional), Chinese (simplified), Korean, and Japanese; Published by Ushio Shuppansha, Tōkyō (1st ed., 1975).
• The Matsushita Phenomenon by Rowland Gould published by the Diamond Publishing Company, Japan (1st edition, 1970).
• The Path, by Konosuke Matsushita, Published by McGraw-Hill (2010)
• Konosuke Matsushita Memorial Foundationhttp://matsushita-konosuke-zaidan.or.jp/en/ Konosuke Matsushita Memorial Foundation

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{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HKI |~| HTE |y| MMS | | HTS | | | | MTA | | | | | | MTM | | |HKI=Yasuda Koichiro|HTE=Tokue Matsushita|MMS= Masakusu Matsushita|HTS=Hirata Tosuke|MTA=Maeda Toshiaki
(前田利昭|MTM=Mitsui Takamine10th head of the Mitsui family}}

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{{Tree chart| NTJ |~| NYS | | IKA | | IYU | | ITO | | MMN |y| MKS | | | | HEJ |y| SZK | | MTS | | KIK | | MHR |ITO=Toshio Iue|IYU=Yurou Iue|IKA=Jun Iue|NYS=Yasue|NTJ=Tetsujiro Nakao|MMN=Mumeno|MKS=Kōnosuke Matsushita|HEJ=Hirata Shodo|SZK=Shizuko|MTS=Maeda Toshisada|KIK=Keiko|MHR=Mitsui Takakimi11th head of the Mitsui family}}

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{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | IUT | | | | STK |y| MSJ | | | | | | HKM |~|~|~|~|~| NRK | | | | |IUT=Satoshi Iue|STK=Matsushita Sachiko|MSJ=Masaharu Matsushita|HKM=Hirata Katsumi|NRK=Nobuko}}

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{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ITM | | | | HMS | | MMY | | AKK | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |ITM=Iue Toshimasa|HMS=Hiro Matsushita|MMY=Masayuki Matsushita
(松下正幸|AKK=Atsuko}}

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{{Portal|Japan|Business|Biography}}

• Panasonic
• Masaharu Matsushita
• Hiroyuki Matsushita
• Konosuke Matsushita Museum

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{{Commons category|Matsushita Konosuke}}

• [https://www.php.co.jp/en/ PHP INTERFACE] – PHP Institute, Inc's Official Website

{{Wikiquote}}

• [https://konosuke-matsushita.com/ Konosuke Matsushita.com], – Konosuke Matsushita Official Website by PHP Institute, Inc.
• [https://matsushita-library.jp/en/ Matsushita Memorial Library] – Located in PHP Institute, Inc.'s building in Kyoto, Japan.
• [https://www.panasonic.com/global/corporate/history/konosuke-matsushita.html The Founder, Konosuke Matsushita] by Panasonic
• [https://www.panasonic.com/global/corporate/history/panasonic-museum/konosuke-matsushita-museum.html Panasonic Museum – Konosuke Matsushita Museum]
• [https://www.mskj.or.jp/en/ The Matsushita Institute of Government and Management]

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{{succession box|before= -|title=President of Panasonic|years=1941–1950|after=Masaharu Matsushita}}

{{succession box|before= -|title = Chairman of Osaka Industrial Association |years=1950–1955|after =Daizō Odawara}}

{{succession box|before= -|title = Chairman of Kyoto International Conference Center|years=1963–1988|after = Kyōnosuke Ibe}}

{{succession box|before= Taneicho Nakano |title =Chairman of Ise Grand Shrine|years=1974–1983|after =Gen Hirose}}

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Category:Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers

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