:Kyowa-go

The term Kyowa-go/Xieheyu is derived from the Manchukuo state motto "Concord of Nationalities" ({{lang|zh-hant|民族協和}} mínzú xiéhe) promoted by the Pan-Asian Movement. The pidgin language resulted from the need of Japanese officials and soldiers and the Han and Manchu population that spoke mainly Chinese to communicate with each other. Manchukuo officials later dubbed the pidgin language "Kyowa-go" or "Xieheyu", meaning "Concord language". However, the Japanese also wanted to implement their own language in Manchukuo, saying that Japanese is a language which has a soul, so the language must be spoken correctly.

Kyowa-go/Xieheyu died out when Manchukuo fell to the Soviet Red Army in the last days of World War II. Documentation of the pidgin language is rare today.

It was also believed that many of the expressions of Chinese characters in manga (e.g. aru) are derived from Japanese-based Kyowa-go. Hence, it is typical of Chinese characters in anime shows to speak in that manner.

It was also believed that many of the expressions of Japanese characters in movies set in the Second Sino-Japanese War (e.g. {{lang|zh-hant|悄悄地進村，打槍的不要}}) are derived from Mandarin-based Xieheyu. Hence, it is typical of Japanese characters in movies shows to speak in that manner.

The Japanese were also known to use pidgin languages in Japan itself during the 19th and 20th centuries like Yokohama Pidgin Japanese.

{{Infobox language

|name=Kyowa-go

|altname=協和語

|region=Manchukuo

|extinct={{circa|1945}}

|familycolor=Pidgin

|family=Japanese-based pidgin

|iso3=none

|glotto=none

}}

Kyowa-go is characterized by a particle aru, omission of some particles, and many loan-words from Mandarin.

{{fs interlinear|number=a)

|私 日本人 アル ヨ

|Watashi nipponjin aru yo|}}

:::: Original Japanese: {{lang|ja|私は日本人です}} {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Watashi wa nipponjin desu}} meaning "I am a Japanese".

{{fs interlinear|number=b)

|{{ruby|姑|クー}}{{ruby|娘|ニャン}} 綺麗 アル ネ

|{Kūnyan (gūnyan)} kirei aru ne|}}

:::: Original Japanese: {{lang|ja|お孃さんは綺麗ですね}} {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Ojōsan wa kirei desu ne}} meaning "Isn't your daughter beautiful"

{{fs interlinear|number=c)

|貴方 座る の 椅子 ない アル ヨ

|Anata suwaru no isu nai aru yo|}}

:::: Original Japanese: {{lang|ja|貴方が座る椅子はありません}} {{transliteration|ja|Hepburn|Anata ga suwaru isu wa arimasen}} meaning "There is no chair for you"

{{fs interlinear|number=d)

|アイヤー（哎呀）

|Aiyaa!|}}

:::: Exclamation of surprise from Chinese.

{{Infobox language

|name=Xiehe-yu

|altname=協和語

|region=Manchukuo

|extinct={{circa|1945}}

|familycolor=Pidgin

|family=Mandarin-based pidgin

|iso3=none

|glotto=none

}}

Xieheyu sometimes uses subject–object–verb, the normal Japanese word order, which is different from Mandarin.

{{fs interlinear|number=a)

|你的 幫我， 我的 錢的 大大的 給。

|nǐde bāngwǒ, wǒde qiánde dàdàde gěi.|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=zh|indent=7

|top= Original Mandarin Chinese:

|你 幫我， 我 給你 很多 錢。

|nǐ bāngwǒ, wǒ gěinǐ hěnduō qián.

|If you help me, I'll give you a lot of money.}}

{{fs interlinear|number=b)

|高橋 歐庫桑， 豬的 看見 沒有？ 那邊的 跑了的 有。

|Gāoqiáo okusan, zhūde kànjiàn méiyǒu? nàbiānde pǎolede yǒu. |c2= ({{lang|crp-hant|歐庫桑}} , pronounced okusan , is a phonetic translation of Japanese {{lang|ja|奥さん}}, which means "one's wife")|}}

{{fs interlinear|lang=zh|indent=7

|top= Original Mandarin Chinese:

|高橋 太太， 看見 那隻 豬 了 嗎？ 已經 跑到 那邊 去啦。

|Gāoqiáo tàitai, kànjiàn nàzhī zhū le mā? yǐjīng pǎodaò nàbiān qùla.

|Mrs. Takahashi, did you see that pig? It ran that way.}}

• Creole language
• Empire of Japan
• Pseudo-Chinese

{{refbegin}}

• {{Cite book |last=Kinsui |first=Satoshi |script-title=ja:コレモニホンゴアルカ: イジンノコトバガウマレルトキ |date=2014 |isbn=978-4-00-028630-5 |location=Tokyo |oclc=891024991 |language=ja}}
• {{cite web |url=//www.ne.jp/asahi/nihongo/okajima/huseigo/ |title=Predicate type observed in the literature and the inconsistency with the history of Japanese |script-title=ja:文献に現れた述語形式と国語史の不整合性について |last1=Hachiya |first1=Masato |last2=Kinsui |first2=Satoshi |last3=Okajima |first3=Akihiro |last4=Okazaki |first4=Tomoko|date=2004 |language=ja}}
• {{Cite book|editor=Homoco|title=Exercises in the Yokohama Dialect|origyear=1879|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205203352/http://www.atrus.org/yokohama_dialect/scans/view_index.html|accessdate=2011-05-12|edition=2nd|date=1953|publisher=Charles E. Tuttle Co.|isbn=9781178301533|archive-date=2012-02-05|url=//www.atrus.org/yokohama_dialect/scans/view_index.html}}
• {{cite journal|last1=Gong|first1=Xue|last2=Shang|first2=Xia|doi=10.3969/j.issn.1674-6201.2013.02.001 |script-title=zh:殖民文化视角下的"协和语"认识 |title=The Recognition of Harmony Language under the Perspective of Colonialism Culture |journal=Japanese Studies Forum |script-work=zh:外国问题研究 |issue=2 |date=2013-08-06 |pages=3–9 |url=https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/rbxlt201302001 |access-date=2022-07-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114214027/http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical_rbxlt201302001.aspx |archive-date=2013-11-14 |language=zh}}

{{refend}}

{{Japanese language}}

Category:Japanese-based pidgins and creoles

Category:Japanese language

Category:Chinese-based pidgins and creoles

Category:Languages of China

Category:Manchuria

Category:Languages attested from the 1930s

Category:Languages extinct in the 1940s

Category:Languages in Manchukuo