:Matsutarō Shōriki

{{short description|Japanese media proprietor and politician (1885–1969)}}

{{Infobox officeholder

| name = Matsutarō Shōriki

| native_name = {{nobold|正力松太郎}}

| image = Shoriki Matsutaro.JPG

| image_size =

| caption = Shōriki in 1955

| office = Chairman of the National Public Safety Commission

| primeminister = Nobusuke Kishi

| term_start = 10 July 1957

| term_end = 12 June 1958

| predecessor = {{ill|Tomejirō Okuba|jp|大久保留次郎}}

| successor = {{ill|Masashi Aoki|jp|青木正}}

| office2 = Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission

| primeminister2 = Ichiro Hatoyama

| term_start2 = 1 January 1956

| term_end2 = 23 December 1956

| predecessor2 = Office established

| successor2 = {{ill|Kōichi Uda|jp|宇田耕一}}

| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1885|04|11}}

| birth_place = Daimon, Toyama, Empire of Japan

| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1969|10|09|1885|04|11}}

| death_place = Atami, Shizuoka, Japan

| alma_mater = University of Tokyo

| spouse =

| parents =

| relations =

| children = Tōru Shōriki

| signature =

| module = {{Infobox baseball biography

| embed=yes

| hoflink= Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame

| hoftype= Japanese

| hofdate= 1959

}}

| native_name_lang = ja

}}

{{nihongo|Matsutarō Shōriki|正力松太郎|Shōriki Matsutarō|extra=April 11, 1885 – October 9, 1969}} was a Japanese media proprietor and politician. He was the owner of the Yomiuri Shimbun, founder of the Yomiuri Giants and the Nippon Television Network Corporation.

After a career as a police officer, Shoriki acquired the bankrupt Yomiuri Shimbun in 1924. Under his management it would become one of the major newspapers in Japan. Shoriki also popularised professional baseball in Japan during this time and founded the Yomiuri Giants. After the war Shoriki was arrested as a war criminal, but the charges were dropped in 1947. He founded Japan's first commercial television station, Nippon Television Network Corporation in 1952.

Shoriki also became a prominent supporter of nuclear power in Japan. In 1955 he was elected to the House of Representatives. Shoriki became the first chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission under Prime Minister Ichiro Hatoyama and Chairman of the National Public Safety Commission under Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi.

For his varied activities he received several appellations, such as the "father of Japanese professional baseball," the "father of Japanese private broadcasting" and the “father of Japanese nuclear power”.

Early life and career

Shōriki was born in Daimon, Toyama. He graduated from Tokyo Imperial University Law School, where he also was a competitive judoka in the Nanatei league. He was one of the most successful judo masters, receiving the extremely rare rank of 10th Dan after his death.[https://judoinfo.com/judan/ Profiles of Judo 10th Dan Holders — Judan]John Stevens: The way of Judo, a Portrait of Jigoro Kano & his Students, Shambhala, 2013. Page 230; page 160-161

After graduating, Shoriki joined the Home Ministry in 1913 and worked at the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department, rising high in the ranks. As chief secretary of the Metropolitan Police Department, he was involved in the large-scale crackdown on the Japanese Communist Party in June 1923.[https://www.economist.com/news/christmas/21568589-media-mogul-whose-extraordinary-life-still-shapes-his-country-good-and-ill-japans "Matsutaro Shoriki: Japan’s Citizen Kane,"] The Economist (Dec 22, 2012).{{cite web | url=https://johnmenadue.com/tessa-morris-suzuki-the-cia-and-the-japanese-media-a-cautionary-tale/ | title=Tessa Morris-Suzuki. The CIA and the Japanese media: A cautionary tale | date=16 September 2014 }}

After the Toranomon Incident, an assassination attempt on the Prince Regent Hirohito on 27 December 1923, Shoriki resigned assuming responsibility together with Superintendent General of Tokyo Metropolitan Police Kurahei Yuasa. Although an amnesty cleared him of his disciplinary action, he did not return to public service.

President of the ''Yomiuri Shimbun''

In 1924, with Home Minister Viscount Shinpei Goto providing funds, Shoriki bought the bankrupt newspaper Yomiuri Shimbun and became its president. Shōriki's innovations included improved news coverage and a full-page radio program guide. The emphasis of the paper shifted to broad news coverage aimed at readers in the Tokyo area. By 1941 it had the largest circulation of any daily newspaper in the Tokyo area.

= Baseball =

Shōriki is known as the father of Japanese professional baseball. He organized a Japanese baseball All-Star team in {{by|1934}} that matched up against an American All-Star team. While prior Japanese all-star contingents had disbanded, Shōriki went pro with this group, which eventually became known as the Yomiuri Giants.

Shōriki survived an assassination attempt by a right-wing nationalist for allowing Americans to play baseball in Jingu Stadium. He received a 16-inch-long scar from a broadsword during the assassination attempt.

Shōriki became Nippon Professional Baseball's (NPB) unofficial first commissioner in {{by|1949}}. In {{by|1950}}, Shōriki oversaw the realignment of the Japanese Baseball League into its present two-league structure and the establishment of the Japan Series. One goal Shōriki did not accomplish was a true world series.

Post-war career

After the surrender of Japan, Shōriki was arrested by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers as a "Class A" war criminal due to his proximity to the wartime regime, spending 21 months in the Sugamo Prison. On August 22, 1947, a recommendation was made to release Shoriki. He was released after the Americans determined that the accusations against him were mostly of an “ideological and political nature."

= Nippon Television Network =

In Japan, private television broadcasting began in the early 1950s thanks largely to the policies of the U.S. occupation authorities. In July 1952, just three months after the US occupation bureaucracy had formally ended, Shōriki was granted a broadcasting license for the new Nippon Television Network (NTV) by Japanese media regulators. This was the first commercial television broadcaster in Japan.

= Nuclear power =

In January 1956, Shōriki became chairman of the newly created Japanese Atomic Energy Commission, and in May of that year was appointed head of the brand-new Science and Technology Agency, both under the cabinet of Ichirō Hatoyama with strong support behind the scenes from the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency.{{cite web|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fd20110522pb.html |title=Nuclear policy was once sold by Japan's media|work=The Japan Times|date=22 May 2011|accessdate=31 December 2012}} He also used his position as owner of the Yomiuri Shimbun to promote nuclear power in the popular media.{{Cite journal |last=Wang |first=Jincao |date=2023-05-21 |title=Newspaper reports and the peaceful use of nuclear power from 1945 to 1963: an analysis of Japan's Asahi and Yomiuri Shimbun |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/18692729.2023.2214480 |journal=Contemporary Japan |volume=37 |language=en |pages=51–67 |doi=10.1080/18692729.2023.2214480 |issn=1869-2729}} In 1957, he joined the first Kishi cabinet as chairman of the National Public Safety Commission, and around the same time, the Japanese government entered into a contract to purchase 20 nuclear reactors from the United States of America.Richard Krooth, Morris Edelson, Hiroshi Fukurai: Nuclear Tsunami, The Japanese Government and America’s Role in the Fukushima Disaster. Lexington Books, 2015, page 18. Shōriki is thus also now known as "the father of nuclear power."

In 2006, Tetsuo Arima, a professor specialising in media studies at Waseda University in Tokyo, published an article that proved Shōriki acted as an agent under the codenames of "podam" and "pojackpot-1" for the CIA to establish a pro-US nationwide commercial television network (NTV) and to introduce nuclear power plants using U.S. technologies across Japan. Arima's accusations were based on the findings of de-classified documents stored in the NARA in Washington, D.C.{{cite magazine |last=有馬哲夫 |title=『日本テレビとCIA-発掘された「正力ファイル」』 |date=2006-02-16 |magazine=週刊新潮}} ('CIA was excavated and NTV "Shoriki file"' by Tetsuo Arima)

= Death =

Shōriki died on October 9, 1969, in Atami, Shizuoka.

Tributes

In {{by|1959}}, Shōriki was the first inductee into the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame. The Matsutaro Shoriki Award is given annually to the person who contributes the most to Japanese baseball.

The position of Chair of the Department of Asia, Oceania, and Africa at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston is also named after Shōriki."Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Announces New Chair of Art of Asia, Oceania, and Africa." [http://www.artdaily.com/index.asp?int_new=26246&int_sec=2 artdaily.org]. 20 September 2008. Accessed 14 May 2009.