:Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders

{{main|Nanjing Massacre}}

On December 13, 1937, the Japanese Army occupied Nanjing (then spelt 'Nanking') – then the capital city of the Republic of China. During the first six to eight weeks of their occupation, the Japanese Army committed numerous atrocities, including rape, arson, looting, torture, and mass executions. China estimates that approximately three hundred thousand civilians and unarmed soldiers were brutally slaughtered. This estimate was made from burial records and eyewitness accounts by the Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal and included in the verdict for Hisao Tani. Corpses littered the streets and were seen afloat in rivers for weeks, and many structures in the city were burned down. Countless shops, stores, and residences were looted and sacked.John E. Woods, The Good Man of Nanking, the Diaries of John Rabe, 1998 pp. 275–278

Japanese soldiers were also reported to have conducted killing competitions and bayonet practice using Chinese prisoners. Approximately twenty thousand cases of rape occurred within the city during the first month of the occupation, according to the "Judgement of the International Military Tribunal".{{Cite web |url=http://www.nj1937.org/english/show_massacre.asp?id=46 |title=Nanjing Massacre Memorial Site 200 |access-date=2009-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205111526/http://www.nj1937.org/english/show_massacre.asp?id=46 |archive-date=2010-12-05 |url-status=dead }} Even children, the elderly, and nuns are reported to have suffered at the hands of the Imperial Japanese Army.John E. Woods, The Good Man of Nanking, the Diaries of John Rabe, 1998 pp. 275–278, 281

The Nanjing Memorial Hall was built in 1985 by the Nanjing Municipal Government in memory of the three hundred thousand victims of the massacre. In 1995, it was enlarged and renovated. The memorial exhibits historical records and objects, and uses architecture, sculptures, and videos to illustrate what happened during the Nanjing Massacre. Many historical items were donated by Japanese members of a Japanese–Chinese friendship group, which also donated a garden located on the museum grounds.

It occupies a total area of approximately twenty-eight thousand square meters, including about three thousand square meters of building floor space.

The memorial consists of three major parts: outdoor exhibits, sheltered skeletal remains of victims, and an exhibition hall of historical documents.

Admission is free but require prior registration. Visitors should prepare themselves for large crowds of people at all times of day.

The outdoor exhibit include statues, sculptures, relief carvings, tablets, and a large wall listing the names of victims, as well as an atonement tablet and memorial walkway. The memorial walkway displays footprints of survivors, some of which were impressed as recently as 2002.

Image:Nanjing massacre memorial hall.JPG|Street view of the Memorial Hall

File:Entrance of Nanjing massacre memorial.jpg|Entrance of the Memorial Hall, with the official name of the hall written in Traditional Chinese calligraphy by Deng Xiaoping.

File:Victims 300000, Nanjing massacre memorial.jpg|A wall at the entrance of the Memorial Hall, with the words "Victims 300,000" carved in stone

File:南京人文之旅-肃穆 - panoramio (1).jpg|A memorial wall dedicated to 300,000 victims of the Nanjing Massacre

File:侵华日军南京大屠杀遇难同胞纪念馆墓地广场.JPG

Image:Nanjing massacre low relief1.jpg|A stone relief at the Memorial Hall

File:南京大屠杀纪念馆和平广场.jpg|The main plaza of the Memorial Hall

Image:Nanjing massacre bronze head.jpg|Statue of a victim being buried alive

File:Nanking Massacre victim 30000.jpg

File:Statue of Iris Chang, Author of The Rape of Nanjing The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II (10151669296).jpg|Statue of Iris Chang, author of The Rape of Nanjing The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II

Image:Sekihi02.jpg|Yanziji Nanjing Massacre Memorial in 2004

Image:NanjingMassacre Yanziji stone.jpg|

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The skeletal remains of massacre victims, now exhibited in a coffin-shaped display hall, were excavated from Jiangdongmen in 1985; 208 more were uncovered in 1998.

The tomb-like exhibition hall, half underground, contains more than 1000 items related to the massacre, including an immense collection of pictures, objects, charts, and photographs. Paintings, sculptures, illuminated display cabinets, multimedia screens and documentary films serve to demonstrate to visitors the crimes committed by the Japanese military. The hall also houses a statue of John Rabe, a German businessman who helped establish the Nanking Safety Zone.

This research institute was established at the memorial hall by the Jiangsu Provincial Government on 1 March 2016. {{cite web |title=Institute of Nanjing Massacre History and International Peace Studies |url=https://www.nju.edu.cn/EN/8c/31/c7549a166961/page.htm |website=www.nju.edu.cn}} The superintendent is Xian Wen Zhang, professor of the School of History, Nanjing University. The executive president is Jian Jun Zhang, curator of the memorial hall. It consists of Nanjing Massacre History Research Center, Anti-Japanese War History Research Center, Comfort Women Research Center, Contemporary Japanese Politics Research Center, Peace Studies Research Center, International Peace School and other institutions.{{cite news |title=南京大屠杀史与国际和平研究院在南京成立-新华网 |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2016-03/02/c_1118213536.htm |work=www.xinhuanet.com}}{{cite news |title=南京大屠杀史与国际和平研究院 |url=http://xhv5.xhby.net/mp3/pc/c/202005/26/c779820.html |work=xhv5.xhby.net}}

The memorial hall is accessible within walking distance west of Yunjinlu Station of Nanjing Metro. Take Line 2 to Yunjinlu Station. Use Exit 2. The entrance to the Memorial Hall is right across the street from the subway entrance.

• Nanjing Massacre Memorial Day

{{reflist}}

• [http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/NanjingMassacre/NM.html Memorial Hall of the Victims in the Nanjing Massacre (1937-1938)]
• [http://nanjingexpat.com/index.php/city-guide/leisure-culture/museums/item/266-nanjing-massacre-memorial-museum Nanjing Massacre Memorial Museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806100803/http://nanjingexpat.com/index.php/city-guide/leisure-culture/museums/item/266-nanjing-massacre-memorial-museum |date=2013-08-06 }}
• Kirk A. Denton, Exhibiting the Past: Historical Memory and the Politics of Museums in Postsocialist China (University of Hawaii Press, 2014), pp. 143–49.

• {{Commonscat-inline|The Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders}}
• {{Osmway|89385157}}
• {{Official website|https://www.19371213.com.cn/en/}}

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Category:Museums established in 1985

Memorial Hall

Category:World War II museums in China

Category:Museums in Nanjing

Category:Genocide museums

Category:Mass graves in China

Category:Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Jiangsu

Category:Cemeteries in Nanjing

Category:1985 establishments in China

Category:National first-grade museums of China