:Naniwa Maru
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{{Infobox ship image | Ship image = Osaka Maritime Museum Naniwamaru.jpg | Ship image size = 240px | Ship caption = The Naniwa Maru inside the Osaka Maritime Museum }} {{Infobox ship career | Hide header = | Ship name = *Naniwa Maru
| Ship owner = | Ship operator = | Ship registry = | Ship route = | Ship ordered = | Ship builder = Hitachi Zosen{{Cite web |title=参考資料：菱垣廻船「浪華丸」 – 日本海事史学会 |url=https://kaijishi.jp/ref_naniwamaru/ |access-date=2023-06-04 |language=ja}} | Ship original cost = | Ship yard number = | Ship way number = | Ship laid down = | Ship launched = | Ship completed = | Ship christened = | Ship acquired = | Ship maiden voyage = 1999 | Ship in service = | Ship out of service = | Ship identification = | Ship fate = | Ship status = | Ship notes = }} {{Infobox ship characteristics | Hide header = | Header caption = | Ship class = | Ship tonnage = 90 T | Ship displacement = | Ship length = 30 m | Ship beam = 7.4 m | Ship height = 27.50 m | Ship draught = | Ship draft = | Ship depth = | Ship decks = | Ship deck clearance = | Ship ramps = | Ship ice class = | Ship sail plan = | Ship power = | Ship propulsion = Sail | Ship speed = | Ship capacity = | Ship crew = | Ship notes = }} |
The {{Nihongo|Naniwa Maru|浪華丸}} is a replica ship of a typical Japanese trader from the Edo period (1603-1868) known as a higaki kaisen. It was built as the main exhibit for the Osaka Maritime Museum, with academic interest which also encouraged sea based testing until it was transferred into the newly built museum.
History
Higaki kaisen were cargo ships. During the Edo period they were used to transport basic materials between Osaka and Edo (now Tokyo), up the coast. Materials transported included vinegar, cotton, oil, paper and medicines. They were used by Sakai merchants, and were similar to the Kaisen (circuit ship).{{cite book |last=Deal|first=William|date=2007 |title=Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan|url= |location= |publisher=Oxford University Press|page=336|isbn= |access-date=}}
Naming
The name Naniwa Maru comes from the ancient name for Osaka - Naniwa, and the usual postfix given to Japanese trading vessels, Maru.{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1894/10/07/106836371.pdf|title=Names of Japanese Ships of War|date=1894-10-07|work=New York Times|accessdate=2009-05-09 }} The type of ship, higaki kaisen ({{Nihongo2|菱垣廻船}}), originates in the name of the rhomboid-shaped bamboo gunwales, higaki, which helped keep the goods on deck, and kaisen, or "coastal boat".
Construction
The plans for the ship were drawn up on computer, based on the only remaining original drawings dating back to the Bunka epoch (1804-1817). The ship has a length of 30m, is 27.5m high, with a breadth of 7.4m and weighs 90t.{{cite web|url=http://www.jikukan.or.jp/pdf/whatsin.pdf|title=What's in Osaka Maritime Museum?|publisher=Osaka Maritime Museum|pages=2|accessdate=2009-05-09}}{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
The ship uses a number of different woods in its construction, just as the original ships would have done. Pine, cedar, Japanese cypress and evergreen oak are all used in the construction of the hull and mast, whilst the sail is a cotton canvas known as a matsuemon-ho and there are old Japanese-style nails such as nuikugi and toshikugi.
Sea trials
Sea trials were conducted in Osaka Bay between 20 July and 1 August 1999, the first sea trials of a replica ship in Japan.{{cite web|url=http://www.osakacity.or.jp/en/seibi/pdf/38.pdf|title=Osaka and its Technology No.38|publisher=Osaka Municipal Government|accessdate=2009-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122036/http://www.osakacity.or.jp/en/seibi/pdf/38.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-22|url-status=dead}} These were run under the supervision of Nomoto Kensaku, emeritus professor at Osaka University, and helped confirm theories on the efficacy of the single-mast, square sail design.{{cite news|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn19990610b4.html|title=Edo freighter replica to be tested in Osaka Bay|date=1999-06-10|publisher=Japan Times|accessdate=2009-05-09}}{{cite journal|last=Nomoto|first=Kensaku |author2=Yutaka, Masuyama |author3=Akira, Sakurai|title=Numerical Simulation of Wearing Maneuver of "Naniwa-maru," Reconstruction of a Japanese Sailing Trader in Early 1800s|journal=Journal of the Kansai Society of Naval Architects|issue=240|pages=77–84|issn=1346-7727|language=Japanese, English|url=http://sciencelinks.jp/j-east/article/200404/000020040404A0057401.php|accessdate=2009-05-09}}
See also
References
External links
- [http://www.uchiyama.info/oriori/kentiku/hune/naniwa/ - Website with photos of the ship (Japanese)]