:Nevus of Ota
{{short description|Human facial birthmark}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Nevus of Ota
| synonyms = Congenital melanosis bulbi,{{cite book |first1=Ronald P.|last1=Rapini|first2=Jean L.|last2=Bolognia|first3=Joseph|last3=Jorizzo|title=Dermatology: 2-Volume Set |publisher=Mosby |location=St. Louis, Missouri |date=2007 |pages=1720–22 |isbn=978-1-4160-2999-1 }} nevus fuscoceruleus ophthalmomaxillaris, oculodermal melanocytosis,{{cite book |first1=William D.|last1=James|first2=Timothy G.|last2=Berger|title=Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology |publisher=Saunders Elsevier |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|year=2006 |isbn=0-7216-2921-0 }}{{rp|700}} oculomucodermal melanocytosis
| image = Naveus of ota.jpg
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Nevus of Ota is a hyperpigmentation{{cite journal |first1=Henry H.L.|last1=Chan|first2=Taro|last2=Kono|title=Nevus of Ota: clinical aspects and management |journal=Skinmed |publisher=Wiley|location=Hoboken, New Jersey|volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=89–96 |date=March–April 2003 |pmid=14673306 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-9740.2003.01706.x |url=https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/451059_6|via=Medscape|url-access=subscription}} that occurs on the face, most often appearing on the white of the eye. It also occurs on the forehead, nose, cheek, periorbital region, and temple.{{cite journal |title='Nevi of Ota: the unusual birthmarks': a case review |journal= BMJ Case Reports|publisher=British Medical Association|location=London, England|pmid=23456162 |doi= 10.1136/bcr-2013-008648|pmc = 3618781|issn= 1757-790X|date= March 2013|first1=Ravi Prakash Sasankoti|last1=Mohan|first2=Sankalp|last2=Verma|first3=Amit Kumar|last3=Singh|first4=Udita|last4=Singh|volume= 2013|pages= bcr2013008648}}
It was first reported by Masao Ōta of Japan in 1939.{{cite web |first1=Omobola|last1=Onikoyi|first2=Chris G.|last2=Adigun|first3=Harvey|last3=Lui|url=http://www.emedicine.com/DERM/topic290.htm |title=Nevi of Ota and Ito |access-date=March 22, 2008 }}
Cause
Nevus of Ota is caused by the entrapment of melanocytes in the upper third of the dermis. It is found only on the face, most commonly unilaterally, rarely bilaterally and involves the first two branches of the trigeminal nerve. The sclera is involved in two-thirds of cases (causing an increased risk of glaucoma). It should not be confused with Mongolian spot, which is a birthmark caused by entrapment of melanocytes in the dermis but is located in the lumbosacral region. Women are nearly five times more likely to be affected than men, and it is rare among Caucasian people.{{cite news |first=Julian|last=Sancton|date=September 2011 |title=Daniela Ruah Officially Checks In |url=http://www.esquire.com/entertainment/interviews/a10683/daniela-ruah-pictures-0911/ |work=Esquire |publisher=Hearst Corporation|location=New York City|access-date=June 9, 2016}} Nevus of Ota may not be congenital, and may appear during puberty.
Skin treatment
A Q-switched 1064 nm laser has been successfully used to treat the condition.{{cite journal|first=Roy G.|last=Geronemus|title=Q-switched ruby laser therapy of nevus of Ota |journal=Archives of Dermatology|publisher=American Medical Association|location=Chicago, Illinois|date=December 1992|volume=128|issue=12|pages=1618–22|pmid=1456756|doi=10.1001/archderm.1992.04530010056008|bibcode=1992SPIE.1643..284G}}{{cite journal |first1=Shinichi|last1=Watanabe|first2=Hisashi|last2=Takahashi|title=Treatment of nevus of Ota with the Q-switched ruby laser |journal=New England Journal of Medicine|publisher=Massachusetts Medical Society|location=Waltham, Massachusetts|volume=331 |issue=26 |pages=1745–50 |date=December 1, 1994 |pmid=7984195 |doi= 10.1056/NEJM199412293312604|doi-access=free}} The Q-switched lasers (694 nm ruby, 755 nm Alexandrite or 1064 nm Nd-YAG) with their high peak power and pulse width in nano second range are best suited to treat various epidermal, junctional, mixed and dermal lesions. The Q-switched 1064 nm Nd-YAG is an ideal choice to treat dermal pigment as in nevus of Ota and in darker skin types, as it reduces the risk of epidermal injury and pigmentary alterations. The pigment clearance can be expected to be near total, using multiple treatment sessions, each separated by a minimum of six weeks. The number of treatments required depends on the severity of the lesion. A darker lesion needs more treatments. The outcome also depends to some extent on the power output and quality of the laser system. Last but not least, the skill of the laser surgeon plays a role in achieving early and good clearance.{{cite journal|first1=Uddhav A.|last1=Patil|first2=Lakshyajit D.|last2=Dhami|title=Overview of Lasers|journal=Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery|publisher=Medknow Publications|location=Mumbai, India|date=October 2008|volume=41 (Supplement)|issue=Suppl|pages=101–113|doi=10.1055/S-0039-1700481|pmid=20174534|pmc=2825126}}
Treatment
A specific form of conjunctivoplasty may help somewhat.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}}
Notable cases
See also
References
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{{Medical resources
| DiseasesDB = 32588
| ICD10 = D22.3 (ILDS D22.301)
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| eMedicineSubj = DERM
| eMedicineTopic = 290
| MeshID = D009507
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{{Skin tumors, nevi and melanomas}}
Category:Melanocytic nevi and neoplasms